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# **ethtool**
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## 说明
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ethtool命令用于获取以太网卡的配置信息，或者修改这些配置。这个命令比较复杂，功能特别多
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## 选项
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```markdown
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ethtool [ -a | -c | -g | -i | -d | -k | -r | -S |] ethX
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ethtool [-A] ethX [autoneg on|off] [rx on|off] [tx on|off]
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ethtool [-C] ethX [adaptive-rx on|off] [adaptive-tx on|off] [rx-usecs N] [rx-frames N] [rx-usecs-irq N] [rx-frames-irq N] [tx-usecs N] [tx-frames N] [tx-usecs-irq N] [tx-frames-irq N] [stats-block-usecs N][pkt-rate-low N][rx-usecs-low N] [rx-frames-low N] [tx-usecs-low N] [tx-frames-lowN] [pkt-rate-high N] [rx-usecs-high N] [rx-frames-high N] [tx-usecs-high N] [tx-frames-high N] [sample-interval N]
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ethtool [-G] ethX [rx N] [rx-mini N] [rx-jumbo N] [tx N]
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ethtool [-e] ethX [raw on|off] [offset N] [length N]
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ethtool [-E] ethX [magic N] [offset N] [value N]
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ethtool [-K] ethX [rx on|off] [tx on|off] [sg on|off] [tso on|off]
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ethtool [-p] ethX [N]
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ethtool [-t] ethX [offline|online]
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ethtool [-s] ethX [speed 10|100|1000] [duplex half|full] [autoneg on|off] [port tp|aui|bnc|mii] [phyad N] [xcvr internal|external]
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[wol p|u|m|b|a|g|s|d...] [sopass xx:yy:zz:aa:bb:cc] [msglvl N]
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-a 查看网卡中 接收模块RX、发送模块TX和Autonegotiate模块的状态：启动on 或 停用off
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-A 修改网卡中 接收模块RX、发送模块TX和Autonegotiate模块的状态：启动on 或 停用off
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-c display the Coalesce information of the specified ethernet card
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-C Change the Coalesce setting of the specified ethernet card
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-g Display the rx/tx ring parameter information of the specified ethernet card
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-G change the rx/tx ring setting of the specified ethernet card
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-i 显示网卡驱动的信息，如驱动的名称、版本等
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-d 显示register dump信息, 部分网卡驱动不支持该选项
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-e 显示EEPROM dump信息，部分网卡驱动不支持该选项
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-E 修改网卡EEPROM byte
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-k 显示网卡Offload参数的状态：on 或 off，包括rx-checksumming、tx-checksumming等
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-K 修改网卡Offload参数的状态
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-p 用于区别不同ethX对应网卡的物理位置，常用的方法是使网卡port上的led不断的闪；N指示了网卡闪的持续时间，以秒为单位
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-r 如果auto-negotiation模块的状态为on，则restarts auto-negotiation
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-S 显示NIC- and driver-specific 的统计参数，如网卡接收/发送的字节数、接收/发送的广播包个数等
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-t 让网卡执行自我检测，有两种模式：offline or online
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-s 修改网卡的部分配置，包括网卡速度、单工/全双工模式、mac地址等
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ethtool DEVNAME Display standard information about device
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ethtool -s|--change DEVNAME Change generic options
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[ speed %d ]
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[ duplex half|full ]
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[ port tp|aui|bnc|mii|fibre ]
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[ mdix auto|on|off ]
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[ autoneg on|off ]
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[ advertise %x ]
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[ phyad %d ]
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[ xcvr internal|external ]
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[ wol p|u|m|b|a|g|s|d... ]
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[ sopass %x:%x:%x:%x:%x:%x ]
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[ msglvl %d | msglvl type on|off ... ]
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ethtool -a|--show-pause DEVNAME Show pause options
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ethtool -A|--pause DEVNAME Set pause options
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[ autoneg on|off ]
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[ rx on|off ]
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[ tx on|off ]
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ethtool -c|--show-coalesce DEVNAME Show coalesce options
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ethtool -C|--coalesce DEVNAME Set coalesce options
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[adaptive-rx on|off]
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[adaptive-tx on|off]
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[rx-usecs N]
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[rx-frames N]
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[rx-usecs-irq N]
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[rx-frames-irq N]
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[tx-usecs N]
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[tx-frames N]
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[tx-usecs-irq N]
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[tx-frames-irq N]
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[stats-block-usecs N]
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[pkt-rate-low N]
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[rx-usecs-low N]
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[rx-frames-low N]
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[tx-usecs-low N]
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[tx-frames-low N]
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[pkt-rate-high N]
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[rx-usecs-high N]
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[rx-frames-high N]
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[tx-usecs-high N]
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[tx-frames-high N]
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[sample-interval N]
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ethtool -g|--show-ring DEVNAME Query RX/TX ring parameters
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ethtool -G|--set-ring DEVNAME Set RX/TX ring parameters
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[ rx N ]
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[ rx-mini N ]
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[ rx-jumbo N ]
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[ tx N ]
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ethtool -k|--show-features|--show-offload DEVNAME Get state of protocol offload and other features
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ethtool -K|--features|--offload DEVNAME Set protocol offload and other features
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FEATURE on|off ...
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ethtool -i|--driver DEVNAME Show driver information
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ethtool -d|--register-dump DEVNAME Do a register dump
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[ raw on|off ]
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[ file FILENAME ]
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ethtool -e|--eeprom-dump DEVNAME Do a EEPROM dump
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[ raw on|off ]
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[ offset N ]
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[ length N ]
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ethtool -E|--change-eeprom DEVNAME Change bytes in device EEPROM
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[ magic N ]
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[ offset N ]
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[ length N ]
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[ value N ]
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ethtool -r|--negotiate DEVNAME Restart N-WAY negotiation
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ethtool -p|--identify DEVNAME Show visible port identification (e.g. blinking)
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[ TIME-IN-SECONDS ]
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ethtool -t|--test DEVNAME Execute adapter self test
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[ online | offline | external_lb ]
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ethtool -S|--statistics DEVNAME Show adapter statistics
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ethtool --phy-statistics DEVNAME Show phy statistics
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ethtool -n|-u|--show-nfc|--show-ntuple DEVNAME Show Rx network flow classification options or rules
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[ rx-flow-hash tcp4|udp4|ah4|esp4|sctp4|tcp6|udp6|ah6|esp6|sctp6 [context %d] |
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rule %d ]
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ethtool -N|-U|--config-nfc|--config-ntuple DEVNAME Configure Rx network flow classification options or rules
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rx-flow-hash tcp4|udp4|ah4|esp4|sctp4|tcp6|udp6|ah6|esp6|sctp6 m|v|t|s|d|f|n|r... [context %d] |
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flow-type ether|ip4|tcp4|udp4|sctp4|ah4|esp4|ip6|tcp6|udp6|ah6|esp6|sctp6
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[ src %x:%x:%x:%x:%x:%x [m %x:%x:%x:%x:%x:%x] ]
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[ dst %x:%x:%x:%x:%x:%x [m %x:%x:%x:%x:%x:%x] ]
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[ proto %d [m %x] ]
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[ src-ip IP-ADDRESS [m IP-ADDRESS] ]
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[ dst-ip IP-ADDRESS [m IP-ADDRESS] ]
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[ tos %d [m %x] ]
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[ tclass %d [m %x] ]
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[ l4proto %d [m %x] ]
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[ src-port %d [m %x] ]
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[ dst-port %d [m %x] ]
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[ spi %d [m %x] ]
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[ vlan-etype %x [m %x] ]
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[ vlan %x [m %x] ]
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[ user-def %x [m %x] ]
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[ dst-mac %x:%x:%x:%x:%x:%x [m %x:%x:%x:%x:%x:%x] ]
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[ action %d ]
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[ context %d ]
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[ loc %d]] |
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delete %d
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ethtool -T|--show-time-stamping DEVNAME Show time stamping capabilities
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ethtool -x|--show-rxfh-indir|--show-rxfh DEVNAME Show Rx flow hash indirection table and/or RSS hash key
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[ context %d ]
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ethtool -X|--set-rxfh-indir|--rxfh DEVNAME Set Rx flow hash indirection table and/or RSS hash key
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[ context %d|new ]
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[ equal N | weight W0 W1 ... | default ]
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[ hkey %x:%x:%x:%x:%x:.... ]
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[ hfunc FUNC ]
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[ delete ]
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ethtool -f|--flash DEVNAME Flash firmware image from the specified file to a region on the device
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FILENAME [ REGION-NUMBER-TO-FLASH ]
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ethtool -P|--show-permaddr DEVNAME Show permanent hardware address
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ethtool -w|--get-dump DEVNAME Get dump flag, data
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[ data FILENAME ]
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ethtool -W|--set-dump DEVNAME Set dump flag of the device
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N
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ethtool -l|--show-channels DEVNAME Query Channels
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ethtool -L|--set-channels DEVNAME Set Channels
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[ rx N ]
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[ tx N ]
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[ other N ]
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[ combined N ]
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ethtool --show-priv-flags DEVNAME Query private flags
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ethtool --set-priv-flags DEVNAME Set private flags
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FLAG on|off ...
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ethtool -m|--dump-module-eeprom|--module-info DEVNAME Query/Decode Module EEPROM information and optical diagnostics if available
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[ raw on|off ]
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[ hex on|off ]
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[ offset N ]
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[ length N ]
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ethtool --show-eee DEVNAME Show EEE settings
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ethtool --set-eee DEVNAME Set EEE settings
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[ eee on|off ]
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[ advertise %x ]
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[ tx-lpi on|off ]
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[ tx-timer %d ]
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ethtool --show-fec DEVNAME Show FEC settings
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ethtool --set-fec DEVNAME Set FEC settings
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[ encoding auto|off|rs|baser ]
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```
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## 数据来源
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Ethtool命令显示的信息来源于网卡驱动层，即TCP/ip协议的链路层。该命令在Linux内核中实现的逻辑层次为：
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最重要的结构体`struct ethtool_ops`，该结构体成员为用于显示或修改以太网卡配置的一系列函数指针，见下表中的第二列
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网卡驱动负责实现（部分）这些函数，并将其封装入`ethtool_ops`结构体，为网络核心层提供统一的调用接口。因此，不同的网卡驱动
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会给应用层返回不同的信息。`Ethtool命令选项`、`struct ethtool_ops成员函数`、`Ethtool命令显示参数的来源`，三者间的对应关系
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如下表所示：
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| 命令选项 | struct ethtool_ops成员函数 | Ethtool命令显示参数的来源（以网卡驱动BNX2为例） |
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| :------: | :------: | :------: |
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| 无 -s | get_settingsget_wol get_msglevel get_link set_settings set_wol set_msglevel | 从网卡寄存器中获得网卡速度等信息，可配置 |
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| -a -A | get_pauseparam set_pauseparam | 从网卡寄存器中获得Autonegotiate/RX/TX模块的状态：on oroff，可配置 |
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| -c -C | get_coalesceset_coalesce | 从网卡寄存器中获得coalescing参数：TX/RX一个数据包后，推迟发生TX/RX中断的时间(us)/数据包个数<br>—减小该值可以提高网卡的响应时间。 当rx-usecs&rx-frames同时被设为0时，RX中断停止。 当tx-usecs&tx-frames同时被设为0时，TX中断停止 |
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| -g -G | get_ringparam set_ringparam | 除当前TX/RX ring的值（从网卡寄存器中读取得到，可配置）外，其它为网卡bnx2自己固定的信息 |
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| -k -K | get_rx_csumget_tx_csum get_sg get_tso set_rx_csum set_tx_csum set_sg set_tso | 显示信息从保存该状态的变量中读取<br>得到，没有对应的寄存器。因此，TX/RX校验等模块一直处于on状态，实际上是无法修改的 |
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| -i | get_drvinfo[self_test_count, get_stats_coun,t get_regs_len, get_eeprom_len] | 网卡bnx2自己固定的信息，如：<br>—– driver: bnx2 version: 1.4.30 firmware-version: 1.8.0.5 bus-info: 0000:09:00.0 —— |
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| -d | get_drvinfoget_regs | 不支持，即bnx2中没有实现函数get_regs |
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| -e -E | get_eepromset_eeprom | 不支持，即bnx2中没有实现函数get_eeprom |
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| -r | nway_reset | 配置网卡MII_BMCR寄存器，重启Auto negotiation模块 |
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| -p | phys_id | 配置网卡BNX2_EMAC_LED寄存器，实现LED闪功能 |
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| -t | self_test | 通过配置网卡寄存器，逐一测试网卡的硬件模块：registers，memory，loopback，Link stat，interrupt |
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| -S | get_ethtool_stats | 显示信息来源于网卡驱动中的结构体变量stats_blk。（网卡通过DMA方式，将寄存器BNX2_HC_STATISTICS_ADDR_L<br>和BNX2_HC_STATISTICS_ADDR_H中的数据实时地读取到结构体变量struct statistics_block *stats_blk中。） —显示的数据都是从网卡寄存器中统计得到的，各项的含义需查询网卡（芯片）手册 |
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由上可见，ethtool命令用于显示/配置网卡硬件（寄存器）
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## 实例
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```bash
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ethool eth0 # 查看机器上网卡的速度：百兆还是千兆
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ethtool -A tx off eth0 # 输出信息中`Speed:`这一项就指示了网卡的速度。停止网卡的发送模块TX
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ethtool -i eth0 # 可输入`ethtool -a eth0`，查看tx模块是否已被停止。查看网卡eth0采用了何种驱动
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ethtool -K eth0 rx off # 显示 driver: bnx2；version: 1.4.30 等信息。关闭网卡对收到的数据包的校验功能
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ethtool -p eth0 10 # 可输入`ethtool –k eth0`，查看校验功能是否已被停止。如安装了两块网卡，查询eth0对应那块网卡
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ethtool -S eth0 # 看哪块网卡的led灯在闪，eth0就对应着哪块网卡。查看网卡，在接收/发送数据时，有没有出错
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ethtool -s eth0 speed 100 # 将千兆网卡的速度降为百兆
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ethtool --change eth0 autoneg off speed 100 duplex full # 手动设制网卡速度
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```
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