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# Raspberry Pi 故障排除指南
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此指南提供在 Raspberry Pi 裝置上執行物聯網專案時常見問題的解決方案。
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它是為初學者遵循 IoT-For-Beginners 課程而設計，但對一般 Pi 開發亦有幫助。
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---
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## 1. 安裝與相依性錯誤
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### ❗ `ModuleNotFoundError: No module named 'xyz'`
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當缺少必要的 Python 模組未安裝時會發生此錯誤。
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**修復方法**
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```bash
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pip3 install <module_name>
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Permission denied when running scripts
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Often caused by accessing GPIO, I2C or system hardware without elevated privileges.
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Quick fix:
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sudo python3 script.py
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Recommended fix (no sudo needed every time):
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sudo usermod -aG gpio,i2c,spi $USER
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sudo reboot
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2. GPIO / I2C / SPI Not Working
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❗ RuntimeError: No access to GPIO
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Add user to GPIO group:
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sudo usermod -aG gpio $USER
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sudo reboot
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❗ I2C / SPI devices not detected
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Enable interfaces:
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sudo raspi-config
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→ Interface Options
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→ Enable I2C / Enable SPI
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Check if I2C device appears:
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i2cdetect -y 1
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3. Camera / Video Issues
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❗ Camera not detected or fails to start
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Enable camera interface:
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sudo raspi-config
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→ Interface Options → Camera → Enable
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sudo reboot
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Check if camera is visible:
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vcgencmd get_camera
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4. Wi-Fi / SSH / Connectivity Problems
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| Problem | Fix |
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| -------------------------------- | --------------------------------------------- |
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| SSH connection refused | `sudo raspi-config → Interface Options → SSH` |
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| Device not showing on network | Check IP using: `hostname -I` |
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| Slow Wi-Fi / unstable connection | Prefer 2.4 GHz band, update OS |
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| Unable to access Pi headless | Add `ssh` file to boot partition |
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5. Performance Issues
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Raspberry Pi running slow / laggy
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Close unused applications
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Reduce background services
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Use Lite OS if no desktop needed
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Ensure sufficient power supply (5V/3A or better)
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Check CPU load:
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top
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htop
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Storage issues:
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sudo apt autoremove
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sudo apt clean
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df -h
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---
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<!-- CO-OP TRANSLATOR DISCLAIMER START -->
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**免責聲明**：
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本文件由 AI 翻譯服務 [Co-op Translator](https://github.com/Azure/co-op-translator) 進行翻譯。雖然我們盡力確保準確性，但請注意自動翻譯可能包含錯誤或不準確之處。原文文件應視為具權威性的資料來源。對於重要資訊，建議採用專業人員翻譯。我們對因使用本翻譯而產生的任何誤解或誤譯不承擔任何責任。
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<!-- CO-OP TRANSLATOR DISCLAIMER END --> |
