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2.5 KiB
2.5 KiB
Raspberry Pi 故障排除指南
此指南提供在 Raspberry Pi 裝置上執行物聯網專案時常見問題的解決方案。
它是為初學者遵循 IoT-For-Beginners 課程而設計，但對一般 Pi 開發亦有幫助。
1. 安裝與相依性錯誤
❗ ModuleNotFoundError: No module named 'xyz'
當缺少必要的 Python 模組未安裝時會發生此錯誤。
修復方法
pip3 install <module_name>
Permission denied when running scripts
Often caused by accessing GPIO, I2C or system hardware without elevated privileges.
Quick fix:
sudo python3 script.py
Recommended fix (no sudo needed every time):
sudo usermod -aG gpio,i2c,spi $USER
sudo reboot
2. GPIO / I2C / SPI Not Working
❗ RuntimeError: No access to GPIO
Add user to GPIO group:
sudo usermod -aG gpio $USER
sudo reboot
❗ I2C / SPI devices not detected
Enable interfaces:
sudo raspi-config
→ Interface Options
→ Enable I2C / Enable SPI
Check if I2C device appears:
i2cdetect -y 1
3. Camera / Video Issues
❗ Camera not detected or fails to start
Enable camera interface:
sudo raspi-config
→ Interface Options → Camera → Enable
sudo reboot
Check if camera is visible:
vcgencmd get_camera
4. Wi-Fi / SSH / Connectivity Problems
| Problem | Fix |
| -------------------------------- | --------------------------------------------- |
| SSH connection refused | `sudo raspi-config → Interface Options → SSH` |
| Device not showing on network | Check IP using: `hostname -I` |
| Slow Wi-Fi / unstable connection | Prefer 2.4 GHz band, update OS |
| Unable to access Pi headless | Add `ssh` file to boot partition |
5. Performance Issues
Raspberry Pi running slow / laggy
Close unused applications
Reduce background services
Use Lite OS if no desktop needed
Ensure sufficient power supply (5V/3A or better)
Check CPU load:
top
htop
Storage issues:
sudo apt autoremove
sudo apt clean
df -h
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