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ltrace
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===
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用来跟踪进程调用库函数的情况
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## 补充说明
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**ltrace命令** 是用来跟踪进程调用库函数的情况。
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### 语法
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```
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ltrace [option ...] [command [arg ...]]
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```
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### 选项
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```
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-a 对齐具体某个列的返回值。
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-c 计算时间和调用，并在程序退出时打印摘要。
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-C 解码低级别名称（内核级）为用户级名称。
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-d 打印调试信息。
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-e 改变跟踪的事件。
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-f 跟踪子进程。
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-h 打印帮助信息。
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-i 打印指令指针，当库调用时。
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-l 只打印某个库中的调用。
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-L 不打印库调用。
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-n, --indent=NR 对每个调用级别嵌套以NR个空格进行缩进输出。
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-o, --output=file 把输出定向到文件。
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-p PID 附着在值为PID的进程号上进行ltrace。
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-r 打印相对时间戳。
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-s STRLEN 设置打印的字符串最大长度。
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-S 显示系统调用。
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-t, -tt, -ttt 打印绝对时间戳。
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-T 输出每个调用过程的时间开销。
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-u USERNAME 使用某个用户id或组ID来运行命令。
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-V, --version 打印版本信息，然后退出。
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-x NAME treat the global NAME like a library subroutine.（求翻译）
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```
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### 实例
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最基本应用，不带任何参数：
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```
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[guest@localhost tmp]$ ltrace ./a.out
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__libc_start_main(0x80484aa, 1, 0xbfc07744, 0x8048550, 0x8048540 <unfinished ...>
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printf("no1:%d \t no2:%d \t diff:%d\n", 10, 6, 4no1:10 no2:6 diff:4 ) = 24
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printf("no1:%d \t no2:%d \t diff:%d\n", 9, 7, 2no1:9 no2:7 diff:2 ) = 23
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printf("no1:%d \t no2:%d \t diff:%d\n", 8, 8, 0no1:8 no2:8 diff:0 ) = 23
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--- SIGFPE (Floating point exception) ---
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+++ killed by SIGFPE +++
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```
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输出调用时间开销：
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```
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[guest@localhost tmp]$ ltrace -T ./a.out
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__libc_start_main(0x80484aa, 1, 0xbf81d394, 0x8048550, 0x8048540 <unfinished ...>
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printf("no1:%d \t no2:%d \t diff:%d\n", 10, 6, 4no1:10 no2:6 diff:4 ) = 24 <0.000972>
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printf("no1:%d \t no2:%d \t diff:%d\n", 9, 7, 2no1:9 no2:7 diff:2 ) = 23 <0.000155>
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printf("no1:%d \t no2:%d \t diff:%d\n", 8, 8, 0no1:8 no2:8 diff:0 ) = 23 <0.000153>
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--- SIGFPE (Floating point exception) ---
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+++ killed by SIGFPE +++
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```
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显示系统调用：
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```
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[guest@localhost tmp]$ ltrace -S ./a.out
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SYS_brk(NULL) = 0x9e20000
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SYS_access(0xa4710f, 4, 0xa4afc0, 0, 0xa4b644) = 0
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SYS_open("/etc/ld.so.preload", 0, 02) = 3
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SYS_fstat64(3, 0xbfbd7a94, 0xa4afc0, -1, 3) = 0
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SYS_mmap2(0, 17, 3, 2, 3) = 0xb7f2a000
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SYS_close(3) = 0
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SYS_open("/lib/libcwait.so", 0, 00) = 3
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SYS_read(3, "\177ELF\001\001\001", 512) = 512
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SYS_fstat64(3, 0xbfbd76fc, 0xa4afc0, 4, 0xa4b658) = 0
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SYS_mmap2(0, 4096, 3, 34, -1) = 0xb7f29000
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SYS_mmap2(0, 5544, 5, 2050, 3) = 0x423000
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SYS_mmap2(0x424000, 4096, 3, 2066, 3) = 0x424000
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.............省去若干行
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```
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<!-- Linux命令行搜索引擎：https://jaywcjlove.github.io/linux-command/ --> |
