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fdisk

说明

fdisk命令 用于观察硬盘实体使用情况也可对硬盘分区。它采用传统的问答式界面而非类似DOSfdisk的cfdisk互动式操作界面 因此在使用上较为不便,但功能却丝毫不打折扣

选项

fdisk [选项] <磁盘>    更改分区表
fdisk [选项] -l <磁盘> 列出分区表
fdisk -s <分区>        给出分区大小(块数)

 -b <大小>             扇区大小(512、1024、2048或4096)
 -c[=<模式>]           兼容模式“dos”或“nondos”(默认)
 -h                    打印此帮助文本
 -u[=<单位>]           显示单位“cylinders”(柱面)或“sectors”(扇区,默认)
 -v                    打印程序版本
 -C <数字>             指定柱面数
 -H <数字>             指定磁头数
 -S <数字>             指定每个磁道的扇区数

实例

# 新建分区及目录详细步骤:
: << comment
首先选择要进行操作的磁盘:
fdisk /dev/sdb

输入`m`列出可以执行的命令:

command (m for help): m
Command action
   a   toggle a bootable flag
   b   edit bsd disklabel
   c   toggle the dos compatibility flag
   d   delete a partition
   l   list known partition types
   m   print this menu
   n   add a new partition
   o   create a new empty DOS partition table
   p   print the partition table
   q   quit without saving changes
   s   create a new empty Sun disklabel
   t   change a partition's system id
   u   change display/entry units
   v   verify the partition table
   w   write table to disk and exit
   x   extra functionality (experts only)

输入`p`列出磁盘目前的分区情况:

Command (m for help): p

Disk /dev/sdb: 3221 MB, 3221225472 bytes
255 heads, 63 sectors/track, 391 cylinders
Units = cylinders of 16065 * 512 = 8225280 bytes

   Device Boot      Start         End      Blocks   Id  System
/dev/sdb1               1           1        8001   8e  Linux LVM
/dev/sdb2               2          26      200812+  83  Linux

输入`d`然后选择分区,删除现有分区:

Command (m for help): d
Partition number (1-4): 1

Command (m for help): d
Selected partition 2

查看分区情况,确认分区已经删除:

Command (m for help): print

Disk /dev/sdb: 3221 MB, 3221225472 bytes
255 heads, 63 sectors/track, 391 cylinders
Units = cylinders of 16065 * 512 = 8225280 bytes

   Device Boot      Start         End      Blocks   Id  System

Command (m for help):

输入`n`建立新的磁盘分区,首先建立两个主磁盘分区:

Command (m for help): n
Command action
   e   extended
   p   primary partition (1-4)
p    //建立主分区
Partition number (1-4): 1  //分区号
First cylinder (1-391, default 1):  //分区起始位置
Using default value 1
last cylinder or +size or +sizeM or +sizeK (1-391, default 391): 100  //分区结束位置,单位为扇区

Command (m for help): n  //再建立一个分区
Command action
   e   extended
   p   primary partition (1-4)
p 
Partition number (1-4): 2  //分区号为2
First cylinder (101-391, default 101):
Using default value 101
Last cylinder or +size or +sizeM or +sizeK (101-391, default 391): +200M  //分区结束位置单位为M

确认分区建立成功:

Command (m for help): p

Disk /dev/sdb: 3221 MB, 3221225472 bytes
255 heads, 63 sectors/track, 391 cylinders
Units = cylinders of 16065 * 512 = 8225280 bytes

   Device Boot      Start         End      Blocks   Id  System
/dev/sdb1               1         100      803218+  83  Linux
/dev/sdb2             101         125      200812+  83  Linux

再建立一个逻辑分区:

Command (m for help): n
Command action
   e   extended
   p   primary partition (1-4)
e  //选择扩展分区
Partition number (1-4): 3
First cylinder (126-391, default 126):
Using default value 126
Last cylinder or +size or +sizeM or +sizeK (126-391, default 391):
Using default value 391

确认扩展分区建立成功:

Command (m for help): p

Disk /dev/sdb: 3221 MB, 3221225472 bytes
255 heads, 63 sectors/track, 391 cylinders
Units = cylinders of 16065 * 512 = 8225280 bytes

   Device Boot      Start         End      Blocks   Id  System
/dev/sdb1               1         100      803218+  83  Linux
/dev/sdb2             101         125      200812+  83  Linux
/dev/sdb3             126         391     2136645    5  Extended

在扩展分区上建立两个逻辑分区:

Command (m for help): n
Command action
   l   logical (5 or over)
   p   primary partition (1-4)
l //选择逻辑分区
First cylinder (126-391, default 126):
Using default value 126
Last cylinder or +size or +sizeM or +sizeK (126-391, default 391): +400M    

Command (m for help): n
Command action
   l   logical (5 or over)
   p   primary partition (1-4)
l
First cylinder (176-391, default 176):
Using default value 176
Last cylinder or +size or +sizeM or +sizeK (176-391, default 391):
Using default value 391

确认逻辑分区建立成功:

Command (m for help): p

Disk /dev/sdb: 3221 MB, 3221225472 bytes
255 heads, 63 sectors/track, 391 cylinders
Units = cylinders of 16065 * 512 = 8225280 bytes

   Device Boot      Start         End      Blocks   Id  System
/dev/sdb1               1         100      803218+  83  Linux
/dev/sdb2             101         125      200812+  83  Linux
/dev/sdb3             126         391     2136645    5  Extended
/dev/sdb5             126         175      401593+  83  Linux
/dev/sdb6             176         391     1734988+  83  Linux

Command (m for help):

从上面的结果我们可以看到在硬盘sdb我们建立了2个主分区sdb1sdb21个扩展分区sdb32个逻辑分区sdb5sdb6

注意主分区和扩展分区的磁盘号位1-4也就是说最多有4个主分区或者扩展分区逻辑分区开始的磁盘号为5因此在这个实验中试没有sdb4的。

最后对分区操作进行写入保存:

Command (m for help): w
The partition table has been altered!

Calling ioctl() to re-read partition table.
Syncing disks.

# 建立好分区之后我们还需要对分区进行格式化才能在系统中使用磁盘
mkfs.ext4 /dev/sdb1     # 在sdb1上建立ext4分区


# 建立两个目录`/oracle`和`/web`,将新建好的两个分区挂载到系统
mkdir /oracle
mkdir /web
mount /dev/sdb1 /oracle
mount /dev/sdb6 /web

如果需要每次开机自动挂载则需要修改`/etc/fstab`文件,加入两行配置:
 vim /etc/fstab

/dev/VolGroup00/LogVol00 /                       ext3    defaults        1 1
LABEL=/boot             /boot                   ext3    defaults        1 2
tmpfs                   /dev/shm                tmpfs   defaults        0 0
devpts                  /dev/pts                devpts  gid=5,mode=620  0 0
sysfs                   /sys                    sysfs   defaults        0 0
proc                    /proc                   proc    defaults        0 0
/dev/VolGroup00/LogVol01 swap                    swap    defaults        0 0
/dev/sdb1               /oracle                 ext4    defaults        0 0
/dev/sdb6               /web                    ext4    defaults        0 0
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