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# **ps**
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## 说明
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**ps命令** 用于报告当前系统的进程状态。可以搭配kill指令随时中断、删除不必要的程序。ps命令是最基本同时也是非常强大的进程
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查看命令，使用该命令可以确定有哪些进程正在运行和运行的状态、进程是否结束、进程有没有僵死、哪些进程占用了过多的资源等等,
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总之大部分信息都是可以通过执行该命令得到的。
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## 选项
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Usage: ps [options]
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```sh
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基本选项
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-A, -e all processes
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-a all with tty, except session leaders
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a all with tty, including other users
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-d 除了sessions之外的所有进程
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-N, --deselect negate selection(显示所有的程序，除了执行ps指令终端机下的程序之外)
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r only running processes
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T all processes on this terminal
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x processes without controlling ttys
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Selection by list:
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-C <command> command name
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-G, --Group <GID> real group id or name
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-g, --group <group> session or effective group name
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-p, p, --pid <PID> process id
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--ppid <PID> parent process id
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-q, q, --quick-pid <PID>
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process id (quick mode)
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-s, --sid <session> session id
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-t, t, --tty <tty> terminal
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-u, U, --user <UID> effective user id or name
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-U, --User <UID> real user id or name
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The selection options take as their argument either:
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a comma-separated list e.g. '-u root,nobody' or
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a blank-separated list e.g. '-p 123 4567'
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Output formats:
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-F extra full
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-f full-format, including command lines
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f, --forest ascii art process tree
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-H show process hierarchy
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-j jobs format
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j BSD job control format
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-l long format
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l BSD long format
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-M, Z add security data (for SELinux)
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-O <format> preloaded with default columns
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O <format> as -O, with BSD personality
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-o, o, --format <format>
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user-defined format
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s signal format
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u user-oriented format
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v virtual memory format
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X register format
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-y do not show flags, show rss vs. addr (used with-l)
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--context display security context (for SELinux)
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--headers repeat header lines, one per page
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--no-headers do not print header at all
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--cols, --columns, --width <num>
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set screen width
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--rows, --lines <num>
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set screen height
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Show threads:
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H as if they were processes
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-L possibly with LWP and NLWP columns
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-m, m after processes
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-T possibly with SPID column
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Miscellaneous options:
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-c show scheduling class with -l option
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c show true command name
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e show the environment after command
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k, --sort specify sort order as: [+|-]key[,[+|-]key[,...]]
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L show format specifiers
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n display numeric uid and wchan
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S, --cumulative include some dead child process data
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-y do not show flags, show rss (only with -l)
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-V, V, --version display version information and exit
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-w, w unlimited output width
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--help <simple|list|output|threads|misc|all>
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display help and exit
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```
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## 实例
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```bash
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ps -aux | sort -nk +3 | tail # 查看消耗CPU最多的十个进程
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ps -aux | sort -nk +4 | tail # 查看消耗内存最多的十个进程
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ps -le
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pstree | more # 进程树，非常直观的观察父子进程
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ps -eo pid,args,psr # 查看进程在哪个CPU上运行
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ps -p pid1,pid2 # 显示指定进程id的信息，此例为pid1，pid2进程的信息
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ps -eo pid,args --forest # 以树结构显示进程
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ps aux | sort -nk 3 # 按CPU 资源的使用量对进程进行排序
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ps -eo pcpu,cpu,nice,state,cputime,args --sort pcpu | sed '/^ 0.0 /d' # 以CPU占用率为序显示进程
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ps -eo "%C : %p : %z : %a" | sort -nr # 按CPU利用率从大到小排序
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ps -e -orss=,args= | sort -rb -k1,1n | pr -TW$COLUMNS # 以内存使用量排序显示进程
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ps aux | sort -rnk 4 # 按内存资源的使用量对进程进行排序
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ps -eo "%C : %p : %z : %a" | sort -k5 -nr # 按内存占用从大到小排序
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ps -eo "%C%p%z%a"|sort -k3 -nr # 进程按虚拟内存从大到小排列
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ps -eo user,pid,size,pmem,vsize,command|sort -k4 -nr|more # 按实际使用内存百分比排序
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ps -eo rss,pmem,pcpu,vsize,args | sort -k 1 -r -n | less # 按进程消耗内存多少排序
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ps -auxww|awk '{print $5,$1,$11}'|sort -r|more # 按照内存使用量从大到小排序
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ps -C nginx -L -o pid,tid,pcpu,state # 显示指定进程的所有线程信息
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ps -aux --sort pid # 可按照进程执行的时间，PID，UID等对进程进行排序
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ps -uU tangsir / ps -aux | grep tangsir # 查看系统中指定用户执行的进程
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ps -u root | awk '/^test/ {print "kill -9" $1}' | sh # 将用户root下所有进程名以test开头的全部强制杀死
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# PHP-FPM进程的平均内存占用
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ps --no-headers -o "rss,cmd" -C php-fpm | awk '{ sum+=$1 } END { printf ("%d%s\n", sum/NR/1024,"M") }'
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# 统计僵尸进程数目
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ps -ef | grep defunct | grep -v grep | wc -l
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ps -eo ppid,stat | grep Z | wc -l
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# 清理僵尸进程
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ps -eal | awk '{ if ($2 == "Z") {print $4}}' | kill -9
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ps -eo ppid,stat | grep Z | cut -d " " -f2 | xargs kill -9
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kill -HUP `ps -A -ostat,ppid | grep -e '^[Zz]' | awk '{print $2}'`
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ps -A -ostat,ppid | awk '/[zZ]/{print $2}'
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kill $(ps -A -ostat,ppid | awk '/[zZ]/{print $2}' | sort -u)
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: << comment
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rss: resident set size, 表示进程占用RAM(内存)的大小，单位是KB
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pmem: %M, 占用内存的百分比
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pcpu：%C，占用cpu的百分比
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vsize:表示进程占用的虚拟内存的大小，KB
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comment
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# java进程cpu占用过高排查
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ps -mp pid -o THREAD,tid,time
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printf "%x\n" tid # 将需要的线程ID转换为16进制格式
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jstack pid |grep tid -A 30 # 打印线程的堆栈信息
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# java进程占用内存过高排查
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jmap -histo:live [pid] # 分析具体的对象数目和占用内存大小，从而定位代码
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jmap -dump:live,format=b,file=xxx.hprof [pid] # 利用MAT工具分析是否存在内存泄漏等
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```
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## linux进程5种状态
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* 运行 (正在运行或在运行队列中等待)
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* 中断 (休眠中, 受阻, 在等待某个条件的形成或接受到信号)
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* 不可中断 (收到信号不唤醒和不可运行, 进程必须等待直到有中断发生)
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* 僵死 (进程已终止, 但进程描述符存在, 直到父进程调用wait4()系统调用后释放)
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* 停止 (进程收到SIGSTOP, SIGTSTP, SIGTTIN, SIGTTOU信号后停止运行运行)
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ps命令标识进程的5种状态码
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* D 不可中断 uninterruptible sleep (usually IO)
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* R 运行 runnable (on run queue)
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* S 中断 sleeping
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* T 停止 traced or stopped
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* Z 僵死 a defunct (”zombie”) process
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