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# **ps**
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## 说明
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**ps命令** 用于报告当前系统的进程状态。可以搭配kill指令随时中断、删除不必要的程序。ps命令是最基本同时也是非常强大的进程查看命令，使用该命令可以确定有哪些进程正在运行和运行的状态、进程是否结束、进程有没有僵死、哪些进程占用了过多的资源等等，总之大部分信息都是可以通过执行该命令得到的。
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## 语法
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Usage: ps [options]
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```sh
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基本选项
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-A, -e all processes
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-a all with tty, except session leaders
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a all with tty, including other users
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-d 除了sessions之外的所有进程
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-N, --deselect negate selection(显示所有的程序，除了执行ps指令终端机下的程序之外)
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r only running processes
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T all processes on this terminal
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x processes without controlling ttys
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Selection by list:
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-C <command> command name
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-G, --Group <GID> real group id or name
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-g, --group <group> session or effective group name
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-p, p, --pid <PID> process id
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--ppid <PID> parent process id
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-q, q, --quick-pid <PID>
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process id (quick mode)
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-s, --sid <session> session id
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-t, t, --tty <tty> terminal
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-u, U, --user <UID> effective user id or name
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-U, --User <UID> real user id or name
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The selection options take as their argument either:
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a comma-separated list e.g. '-u root,nobody' or
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a blank-separated list e.g. '-p 123 4567'
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Output formats:
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-F extra full
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-f full-format, including command lines
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f, --forest ascii art process tree
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-H show process hierarchy
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-j jobs format
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j BSD job control format
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-l long format
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l BSD long format
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-M, Z add security data (for SELinux)
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-O <format> preloaded with default columns
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O <format> as -O, with BSD personality
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-o, o, --format <format>
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user-defined format
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s signal format
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u user-oriented format
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v virtual memory format
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X register format
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-y do not show flags, show rss vs. addr (used with-l)
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--context display security context (for SELinux)
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--headers repeat header lines, one per page
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--no-headers do not print header at all
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--cols, --columns, --width <num>
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set screen width
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--rows, --lines <num>
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set screen height
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Show threads:
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H as if they were processes
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-L possibly with LWP and NLWP columns
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-m, m after processes
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-T possibly with SPID column
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Miscellaneous options:
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-c show scheduling class with -l option
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c show true command name
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e show the environment after command
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k, --sort specify sort order as: [+|-]key[,[+|-]key[,...]]
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L show format specifiers
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n display numeric uid and wchan
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S, --cumulative include some dead child process data
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-y do not show flags, show rss (only with -l)
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-V, V, --version display version information and exit
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-w, w unlimited output width
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--help <simple|list|output|threads|misc|all>
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display help and exit
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```
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由于ps命令能够支持的系统类型相当的多，所以选项多的离谱！
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## 实例
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```sh
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# 按内存资源的使用量对进程进行排序
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ps aux | sort -rnk 4
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# 按 CPU 资源的使用量对进程进行排序
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ps aux | sort -nk 3
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# 最常用的查询指令;
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ps -le or ps -aux 查看所有用户执行的进程的详细信息；
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ps -aux --sort pid 可按照进程执行的时间，PID，UID等对进程进行排序；
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ps -uU tangsir / ps -aux | grep tangsir查看系统中指定用户执行的进程；
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pstree | more 进程树，非常直观的观察父子进程；
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```
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