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# **curl**
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## 说明
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**curl命令** 是一个利用URL规则在命令行下工作的文件传输工具。它支持文件的上传和下载所以是综合传输工具但按传统习惯称
curl为下载工具。作为一款强力工具curl支持包括HTTP、HTTPS、ftp等众多协议还支持POST、cookies、认证、从指定偏移处下载部分
文件、用户代理字符串、限速、文件大小、进度条等特征。做网页处理流程和数据检索自动化curl可以祝一臂之力
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[curl官网](https://curl.haxx.se/)
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## 选项
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```markdown
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(H) means HTTP/HTTPS only, (F) means FTP only
--anyauth Pick "any" authentication method (H)
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-a, --append 上传时附加到目标文件(F/SFTP)
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--basic Use HTTP Basic Authentication (H)
--cacert FILE CA certificate to verify peer against (SSL)
--capath DIR CA directory to verify peer against (SSL)
-E, --cert CERT[:PASSWD] Client certificate file and password (SSL)
--cert-type TYPE Certificate file type (DER/PEM/ENG) (SSL)
--ciphers LIST SSL ciphers to use (SSL)
--compressed Request compressed response (using deflate or gzip)
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-K, --config FILE 指定从FILE文件读取配置
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--connect-timeout SECONDS Maximum time allowed for connection
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-C, --continue-at OFFSET 断点续传
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-b, --cookie STRING/FILE String or file to read cookies from (H)
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-c, --cookie-jar FILE 操作完成后将cookie写入到这个文件中(H)
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--create-dirs Create necessary local directory hierarchy
--crlf Convert LF to CRLF in upload
--crlfile FILE Get a CRL list in PEM format from the given file
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-d, --data DATA HTTP POST方式传输数据(H)
--data-ascii DATA HTTP POST ASCII编码方式传输数据 (H)
--data-binary DATA HTTP POST binary编码方式传输数据 (H)
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--data-urlencode DATA HTTP POST data url encoded (H)
--delegation STRING GSS-API delegation permission
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--digest 使用HTTP数字身份认证(H)
--disable-eprt 禁止使用EPRT or LPRT (F)
--disable-epsv 禁止使用EPSV (F)
-D, --dump-header FILE 把header信息写入到FILE文件
--egd-file FILE 为随机数据设置EGD socket路径 (SSL)
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--engine ENGINGE Crypto engine (SSL). "--engine list" for list
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-f, --fail HTTP连接失败时不显示错误 (H)
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-F, --form CONTENT Specify HTTP multipart POST data (H)
--form-string STRING Specify HTTP multipart POST data (H)
--ftp-account DATA Account data string (F)
--ftp-alternative-to-user COMMAND String to replace "USER [name]" (F)
--ftp-create-dirs Create the remote dirs if not present (F)
--ftp-method [MULTICWD/NOCWD/SINGLECWD] Control CWD usage (F)
--ftp-pasv Use PASV/EPSV instead of PORT (F)
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-P, --ftp-port ADR 使用端口地址而不是使用PASV (F)
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--ftp-skip-pasv-ip Skip the IP address for PASV (F)
--ftp-pret Send PRET before PASV (for drftpd) (F)
--ftp-ssl-ccc Send CCC after authenticating (F)
--ftp-ssl-ccc-mode ACTIVE/PASSIVE Set CCC mode (F)
--ftp-ssl-control Require SSL/TLS for ftp login, clear for transfer (F)
-G, --get Send the -d data with a HTTP GET (H)
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-g, --globoff 禁用网址序列和范围使用 {} and []
-H, --header LINE 自定义头消息传递给服务器 (H)
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-I, --head Show document info only
--hostpubmd5 MD5 Hex encoded MD5 string of the host public key. (SSH)
-0, --http1.0 Use HTTP 1.0 (H)
--ignore-content-length Ignore the HTTP Content-Length header
-i, --include Include protocol headers in the output (H/F)
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-k, --insecure 允许连接不使用证书连接到SSL站点 (H)
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--interface INTERFACE Specify network interface/address to use
-4, --ipv4 Resolve name to IPv4 address
-6, --ipv6 Resolve name to IPv6 address
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-j, --junk-session-cookies 忽略从文件中读取的session cookie (H)
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--keepalive-time SECONDS Interval between keepalive probes
--key KEY Private key file name (SSL/SSH)
--key-type TYPE Private key file type (DER/PEM/ENG) (SSL)
--krb LEVEL Enable Kerberos with specified security level (F)
--libcurl FILE Dump libcurl equivalent code of this command line
--limit-rate RATE Limit transfer speed to this rate
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-l, --list-only 仅列出ftp目录的名称(F)
--local-port RANGE 强制使用RANGE内的本地端口号
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-L, --location Follow redirects (H)
--location-trusted like --location and send auth to other hosts (H)
-M, --manual Display the full manual
--mail-from FROM Mail from this address
--mail-rcpt TO Mail to this receiver(s)
--mail-auth AUTH Originator address of the original email
--max-filesize BYTES Maximum file size to download (H/F)
--max-redirs NUM Maximum number of redirects allowed (H)
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-m, --max-time SECONDS 设置最大传输时间
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--metalink Process given URLs as metalink XML file
--negotiate Use HTTP Negotiate Authentication (H)
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-n, --netrc 必须从.netrc文件读取用户和密码
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--netrc-optional Use either .netrc or URL; overrides -n
--netrc-file FILE Set up the netrc filename to use
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-N, --no-buffer 禁用buffer缓存输出
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--no-keepalive Disable keepalive use on the connection
--no-sessionid Disable SSL session-ID reusing (SSL)
--noproxy List of hosts which do not use proxy
--ntlm Use HTTP NTLM authentication (H)
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-o, --output FILE 将输出吸入到FILE取代默认输出stdout
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--pass PASS Pass phrase for the private key (SSL/SSH)
--post301 Do not switch to GET after following a 301 redirect (H)
--post302 Do not switch to GET after following a 302 redirect (H)
--post303 Do not switch to GET after following a 303 redirect (H)
-#, --progress-bar Display transfer progress as a progress bar
--proto PROTOCOLS Enable/disable specified protocols
--proto-redir PROTOCOLS Enable/disable specified protocols on redirect
-x, --proxy [PROTOCOL://]HOST[:PORT] Use proxy on given port
--proxy-anyauth Pick "any" proxy authentication method (H)
--proxy-basic Use Basic authentication on the proxy (H)
--proxy-digest Use Digest authentication on the proxy (H)
--proxy-negotiate Use Negotiate authentication on the proxy (H)
--proxy-ntlm Use NTLM authentication on the proxy (H)
-U, --proxy-user USER[:PASSWORD] Proxy user and password
--proxy1.0 HOST[:PORT] Use HTTP/1.0 proxy on given port
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-p, --proxytunnel 使用HTTP代理隧道 (using CONNECT)
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--pubkey KEY Public key file name (SSH)
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-Q, --quote CMD 传输之前发送命令到服务器 (F/SFTP)
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--random-file FILE File for reading random data from (SSL)
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-r, --range RANGE 仅检索RANGE范围内的字节
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--raw Do HTTP "raw", without any transfer decoding (H)
-e, --referer Referer URL (H)
-J, --remote-header-name Use the header-provided filename (H)
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-O, --remote-name 将输出写入到文件并以远程文件名称作为输出文件的名称
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--remote-name-all Use the remote file name for all URLs
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-R, --remote-time 输出到本地文件时保留远程文件的时间
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-X, --request COMMAND Specify request command to use
--resolve HOST:PORT:ADDRESS Force resolve of HOST:PORT to ADDRESS
--retry NUM Retry request NUM times if transient problems occur
--retry-delay SECONDS When retrying, wait this many seconds between each
--retry-max-time SECONDS Retry only within this period
-S, --show-error Show error. With -s, make curl show errors when they occur
-s, --silent Silent mode. Don't output anything
--socks4 HOST[:PORT] SOCKS4 proxy on given host + port
--socks4a HOST[:PORT] SOCKS4a proxy on given host + port
--socks5 HOST[:PORT] SOCKS5 proxy on given host + port
--socks5-basic Enable username/password auth for SOCKS5 proxies
--socks5-gssapi Enable GSS-API auth for SOCKS5 proxies
--socks5-hostname HOST[:PORT] SOCKS5 proxy, pass host name to proxy
--socks5-gssapi-service NAME SOCKS5 proxy service name for gssapi
--socks5-gssapi-nec Compatibility with NEC SOCKS5 server
-Y, --speed-limit RATE Stop transfers below speed-limit for 'speed-time' secs
-y, --speed-time SECONDS Time for trig speed-limit abort. Defaults to 30
--ssl Try SSL/TLS (FTP, IMAP, POP3, SMTP)
--ssl-reqd Require SSL/TLS (FTP, IMAP, POP3, SMTP)
-2, --sslv2 Use SSLv2 (SSL)
-3, --sslv3 Use SSLv3 (SSL)
--ssl-allow-beast Allow security flaw to improve interop (SSL)
--stderr FILE Where to redirect stderr. - means stdout
--tcp-nodelay Use the TCP_NODELAY option
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-t, --telnet-option OPT=VAL 设置telnet选项
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--tftp-blksize VALUE Set TFTP BLKSIZE option (must be >512)
-z, --time-cond TIME Transfer based on a time condition
-1, --tlsv1 Use => TLSv1 (SSL)
--tlsv1.0 Use TLSv1.0 (SSL)
--tlsv1.1 Use TLSv1.1 (SSL)
--tlsv1.2 Use TLSv1.2 (SSL)
--trace FILE Write a debug trace to the given file
--trace-ascii FILE Like --trace but without the hex output
--trace-time Add time stamps to trace/verbose output
--tr-encoding Request compressed transfer encoding (H)
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-T, --upload-file FILE 上传文件FILE
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--url URL URL to work with
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-B, --use-ascii 使用ASCII/text传输
-u, --user USER[:PASSWORD] 设置服务器的用户和密码
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--tlsuser USER TLS username
--tlspassword STRING TLS password
--tlsauthtype STRING TLS authentication type (default SRP)
--unix-socket FILE Connect through this UNIX domain socket
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-A, --user-agent STRING 设置User-Agent发送给服务器(H)
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-v, --verbose Make the operation more talkative
-V, --version Show version number and quit
-w, --write-out FORMAT What to output after completion
--xattr Store metadata in extended file attributes
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-q 使用时必须作为第一个参数用来关闭.curlrc
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```
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## 实例
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```bash
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curl -I http://man.linuxde.net # 通过-I或者--head可以只打印出HTTP头部信息
curl -H "Host:man.linuxde.net" -H "accept-language:zh-cn" URL # 使用-H "头部信息" 传递多个头部信息
curl URL --silent # curl默认输出到stdout将进度信息输出到stderr不显示进度信息使用--silent选项
curl http://man.linuxde.net/text.iso --silent -O # 所有下载的数据都被写入到stdout,将下载的数据写入到文件,必须使用绝对路径
curl http://man.linuxde.net/test.iso -o filename.iso --progress # 选项-o将下载数据写入到指定文件中--progress显示进度
curl URL/File -C 偏移量 # curl能从特定的文件偏移处继续下载它可以通过指定一个偏移量来下载部分文件,偏移量是以字节为单位的整数
curl http://man.linuxde.net --cookie "user=root;pass=123456" # 指定cookie多个cookie使用分号分隔
curl URL --cookie-jar cookie_file # 将cookie另存为一个文件使用--cookie-jar选项
curl URL --user-agent "Mozilla/5.0" # 使用user-agent访问或下载
curl URL --limit-rate 50k # --limit-rate限制curl的下载速度k,m,g或K,M,G
curl URL --max-filesize bytes # 使用--max-filesize指定可下载的最大文件大小
curl -u user:pwd http://man.linuxde.net # 使用curl选项-u可以完成HTTP或者FTP的认证也可以不指定密码在后续操作中输入密码
: << comment
参照页是位于HTTP头部中的一个字符串用来表示用户是从哪个页面到达当前页面的如果用户点击网页A中的某个连接那么用户就会跳转到B网页
网页B头部的参照页字符串就包含网页A的URL,使用--referer选项指定参照页字符串
comment
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curl --referer http://www.google.com http://man.linuxde.net
```