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# **curl**
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## 说明
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**curl命令** 是一个利用URL规则在命令行下工作的文件传输工具。它支持文件的上传和下载，所以是综合传输工具，但按传统，习惯称
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curl为下载工具。作为一款强力工具，curl支持包括HTTP、HTTPS、ftp等众多协议，还支持POST、cookies、认证、从指定偏移处下载部分
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文件、用户代理字符串、限速、文件大小、进度条等特征。做网页处理流程和数据检索自动化，curl可以祝一臂之力
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[curl官网](https://curl.haxx.se/)
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## 选项
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```markdown
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(H) means HTTP/HTTPS only, (F) means FTP only
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--anyauth Pick "any" authentication method (H)
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-a, --append Append to target file when uploading (F/SFTP)
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--basic Use HTTP Basic Authentication (H)
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--cacert FILE CA certificate to verify peer against (SSL)
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--capath DIR CA directory to verify peer against (SSL)
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-E, --cert CERT[:PASSWD] Client certificate file and password (SSL)
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--cert-type TYPE Certificate file type (DER/PEM/ENG) (SSL)
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--ciphers LIST SSL ciphers to use (SSL)
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--compressed Request compressed response (using deflate or gzip)
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-K, --config FILE Specify which config file to read
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--connect-timeout SECONDS Maximum time allowed for connection
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-C, --continue-at OFFSET Resumed transfer offset
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-b, --cookie STRING/FILE String or file to read cookies from (H)
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-c, --cookie-jar FILE Write cookies to this file after operation (H)
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--create-dirs Create necessary local directory hierarchy
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--crlf Convert LF to CRLF in upload
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--crlfile FILE Get a CRL list in PEM format from the given file
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-d, --data DATA HTTP POST data (H)
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--data-ascii DATA HTTP POST ASCII data (H)
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--data-binary DATA HTTP POST binary data (H)
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--data-urlencode DATA HTTP POST data url encoded (H)
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--delegation STRING GSS-API delegation permission
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--digest Use HTTP Digest Authentication (H)
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--disable-eprt Inhibit using EPRT or LPRT (F)
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--disable-epsv Inhibit using EPSV (F)
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-D, --dump-header FILE Write the headers to this file
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--egd-file FILE EGD socket path for random data (SSL)
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--engine ENGINGE Crypto engine (SSL). "--engine list" for list
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-f, --fail Fail silently (no output at all) on HTTP errors (H)
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-F, --form CONTENT Specify HTTP multipart POST data (H)
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--form-string STRING Specify HTTP multipart POST data (H)
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--ftp-account DATA Account data string (F)
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--ftp-alternative-to-user COMMAND String to replace "USER [name]" (F)
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--ftp-create-dirs Create the remote dirs if not present (F)
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--ftp-method [MULTICWD/NOCWD/SINGLECWD] Control CWD usage (F)
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--ftp-pasv Use PASV/EPSV instead of PORT (F)
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-P, --ftp-port ADR Use PORT with given address instead of PASV (F)
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--ftp-skip-pasv-ip Skip the IP address for PASV (F)
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--ftp-pret Send PRET before PASV (for drftpd) (F)
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--ftp-ssl-ccc Send CCC after authenticating (F)
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--ftp-ssl-ccc-mode ACTIVE/PASSIVE Set CCC mode (F)
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--ftp-ssl-control Require SSL/TLS for ftp login, clear for transfer (F)
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-G, --get Send the -d data with a HTTP GET (H)
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-g, --globoff Disable URL sequences and ranges using {} and []
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-H, --header LINE Custom header to pass to server (H)
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-I, --head Show document info only
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-h, --help This help text
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--hostpubmd5 MD5 Hex encoded MD5 string of the host public key. (SSH)
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-0, --http1.0 Use HTTP 1.0 (H)
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--ignore-content-length Ignore the HTTP Content-Length header
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-i, --include Include protocol headers in the output (H/F)
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-k, --insecure Allow connections to SSL sites without certs (H)
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--interface INTERFACE Specify network interface/address to use
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-4, --ipv4 Resolve name to IPv4 address
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-6, --ipv6 Resolve name to IPv6 address
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-j, --junk-session-cookies Ignore session cookies read from file (H)
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--keepalive-time SECONDS Interval between keepalive probes
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--key KEY Private key file name (SSL/SSH)
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--key-type TYPE Private key file type (DER/PEM/ENG) (SSL)
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--krb LEVEL Enable Kerberos with specified security level (F)
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--libcurl FILE Dump libcurl equivalent code of this command line
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--limit-rate RATE Limit transfer speed to this rate
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-l, --list-only List only names of an FTP directory (F)
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--local-port RANGE Force use of these local port numbers
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-L, --location Follow redirects (H)
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--location-trusted like --location and send auth to other hosts (H)
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-M, --manual Display the full manual
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--mail-from FROM Mail from this address
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--mail-rcpt TO Mail to this receiver(s)
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--mail-auth AUTH Originator address of the original email
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--max-filesize BYTES Maximum file size to download (H/F)
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--max-redirs NUM Maximum number of redirects allowed (H)
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-m, --max-time SECONDS Maximum time allowed for the transfer
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--metalink Process given URLs as metalink XML file
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--negotiate Use HTTP Negotiate Authentication (H)
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-n, --netrc Must read .netrc for user name and password
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--netrc-optional Use either .netrc or URL; overrides -n
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--netrc-file FILE Set up the netrc filename to use
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-N, --no-buffer Disable buffering of the output stream
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--no-keepalive Disable keepalive use on the connection
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--no-sessionid Disable SSL session-ID reusing (SSL)
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--noproxy List of hosts which do not use proxy
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--ntlm Use HTTP NTLM authentication (H)
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-o, --output FILE Write output to <file> instead of stdout
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--pass PASS Pass phrase for the private key (SSL/SSH)
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--post301 Do not switch to GET after following a 301 redirect (H)
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--post302 Do not switch to GET after following a 302 redirect (H)
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--post303 Do not switch to GET after following a 303 redirect (H)
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-#, --progress-bar Display transfer progress as a progress bar
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--proto PROTOCOLS Enable/disable specified protocols
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--proto-redir PROTOCOLS Enable/disable specified protocols on redirect
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-x, --proxy [PROTOCOL://]HOST[:PORT] Use proxy on given port
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--proxy-anyauth Pick "any" proxy authentication method (H)
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--proxy-basic Use Basic authentication on the proxy (H)
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--proxy-digest Use Digest authentication on the proxy (H)
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--proxy-negotiate Use Negotiate authentication on the proxy (H)
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--proxy-ntlm Use NTLM authentication on the proxy (H)
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-U, --proxy-user USER[:PASSWORD] Proxy user and password
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--proxy1.0 HOST[:PORT] Use HTTP/1.0 proxy on given port
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-p, --proxytunnel Operate through a HTTP proxy tunnel (using CONNECT)
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--pubkey KEY Public key file name (SSH)
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-Q, --quote CMD Send command(s) to server before transfer (F/SFTP)
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--random-file FILE File for reading random data from (SSL)
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-r, --range RANGE Retrieve only the bytes within a range
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--raw Do HTTP "raw", without any transfer decoding (H)
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-e, --referer Referer URL (H)
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-J, --remote-header-name Use the header-provided filename (H)
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-O, --remote-name Write output to a file named as the remote file
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--remote-name-all Use the remote file name for all URLs
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-R, --remote-time Set the remote file's time on the local output
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-X, --request COMMAND Specify request command to use
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--resolve HOST:PORT:ADDRESS Force resolve of HOST:PORT to ADDRESS
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--retry NUM Retry request NUM times if transient problems occur
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--retry-delay SECONDS When retrying, wait this many seconds between each
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--retry-max-time SECONDS Retry only within this period
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-S, --show-error Show error. With -s, make curl show errors when they occur
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-s, --silent Silent mode. Don't output anything
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--socks4 HOST[:PORT] SOCKS4 proxy on given host + port
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--socks4a HOST[:PORT] SOCKS4a proxy on given host + port
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--socks5 HOST[:PORT] SOCKS5 proxy on given host + port
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--socks5-basic Enable username/password auth for SOCKS5 proxies
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--socks5-gssapi Enable GSS-API auth for SOCKS5 proxies
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--socks5-hostname HOST[:PORT] SOCKS5 proxy, pass host name to proxy
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--socks5-gssapi-service NAME SOCKS5 proxy service name for gssapi
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--socks5-gssapi-nec Compatibility with NEC SOCKS5 server
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-Y, --speed-limit RATE Stop transfers below speed-limit for 'speed-time' secs
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-y, --speed-time SECONDS Time for trig speed-limit abort. Defaults to 30
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--ssl Try SSL/TLS (FTP, IMAP, POP3, SMTP)
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--ssl-reqd Require SSL/TLS (FTP, IMAP, POP3, SMTP)
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-2, --sslv2 Use SSLv2 (SSL)
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-3, --sslv3 Use SSLv3 (SSL)
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--ssl-allow-beast Allow security flaw to improve interop (SSL)
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--stderr FILE Where to redirect stderr. - means stdout
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--tcp-nodelay Use the TCP_NODELAY option
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-t, --telnet-option OPT=VAL Set telnet option
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--tftp-blksize VALUE Set TFTP BLKSIZE option (must be >512)
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-z, --time-cond TIME Transfer based on a time condition
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-1, --tlsv1 Use => TLSv1 (SSL)
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--tlsv1.0 Use TLSv1.0 (SSL)
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--tlsv1.1 Use TLSv1.1 (SSL)
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--tlsv1.2 Use TLSv1.2 (SSL)
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--trace FILE Write a debug trace to the given file
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--trace-ascii FILE Like --trace but without the hex output
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--trace-time Add time stamps to trace/verbose output
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--tr-encoding Request compressed transfer encoding (H)
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-T, --upload-file FILE Transfer FILE to destination
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--url URL URL to work with
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-B, --use-ascii Use ASCII/text transfer
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-u, --user USER[:PASSWORD] Server user and password
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--tlsuser USER TLS username
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--tlspassword STRING TLS password
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--tlsauthtype STRING TLS authentication type (default SRP)
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--unix-socket FILE Connect through this UNIX domain socket
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-A, --user-agent STRING User-Agent to send to server (H)
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-v, --verbose Make the operation more talkative
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-V, --version Show version number and quit
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-w, --write-out FORMAT What to output after completion
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--xattr Store metadata in extended file attributes
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-q If used as the first parameter disables .curlrc
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```
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## 实例
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```bash
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curl -I http://man.linuxde.net # 通过-I或者--head可以只打印出HTTP头部信息
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curl -H "Host:man.linuxde.net" -H "accept-language:zh-cn" URL # 使用-H "头部信息" 传递多个头部信息
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curl URL --silent # curl默认输出到stdout，将进度信息输出到stderr，不显示进度信息使用--silent选项
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curl http://man.linuxde.net/text.iso --silent -O # 所有下载的数据都被写入到stdout,将下载的数据写入到文件，必须使用绝对路径
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curl http://man.linuxde.net/test.iso -o filename.iso --progress # 选项-o将下载数据写入到指定文件中，--progress显示进度
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curl URL/File -C 偏移量 # curl能从特定的文件偏移处继续下载，它可以通过指定一个偏移量来下载部分文件,偏移量是以字节为单位的整数
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curl http://man.linuxde.net --cookie "user=root;pass=123456" # 指定cookie，多个cookie使用分号分隔
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curl URL --cookie-jar cookie_file # 将cookie另存为一个文件，使用--cookie-jar选项
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curl URL --user-agent "Mozilla/5.0" # 使用user-agent访问或下载
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curl URL --limit-rate 50k # --limit-rate限制curl的下载速度：k,m,g或K,M,G
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curl URL --max-filesize bytes # 使用--max-filesize指定可下载的最大文件大小
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curl -u user:pwd http://man.linuxde.net # 使用curl选项-u可以完成HTTP或者FTP的认证，也可以不指定密码在后续操作中输入密码
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: << comment
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参照页是位于HTTP头部中的一个字符串，用来表示用户是从哪个页面到达当前页面的，如果用户点击网页A中的某个连接，那么用户就会跳转到B网页
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网页B头部的参照页字符串就包含网页A的URL,使用--referer选项指定参照页字符串：
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comment
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curl --referer http://www.google.com http://man.linuxde.net
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```
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