vitepress/docs/guide/theme-introduction.md

# Theme Introduction

VitePress comes with its default theme providing many features out of the box. Learn more about each feature on its dedicated page listed below.

- [Nav](./theme-nav)
- [Sidebar](./theme-sidebar)
- [Prev Next Link](./theme-prev-next-link)
- [Edit Link](./theme-edit-link)
- [Last Updated](./theme-last-updated)
- [Layout](./theme-layout)
- [Homepage](./theme-homepage)
- [Footer](./theme-footer)
- [Search](./theme-search)
- [Carbon Ads](./theme-carbon-ads)

If you don't find the features you're looking for, or you would rather create your own theme, you may customize VitePress to fit your requirements.

## Using a Custom Theme

You can enable a custom theme by adding the `.vitepress/theme/index.js` file (the "theme entry file").

```
.
├─ docs
│  ├─ .vitepress
│  │  ├─ theme
│  │  │  └─ index.js
│  │  └─ config.js
│  └─ index.md
└─ package.json
```

A VitePress custom theme is simply an object containing three properties and is defined as follows:

```ts
interface Theme {
  Layout: Component // Vue 3 component
  NotFound?: Component
  enhanceApp?: (ctx: EnhanceAppContext) => void
}

interface EnhanceAppContext {
  app: App // Vue 3 app instance
  router: Router // VitePress router instance
  siteData: Ref<SiteData>
}
```

The theme entry file should export the theme as its default export:

```js
// .vitepress/theme/index.js
import Layout from './Layout.vue'

export default {
  Layout,

  // this is a Vue 3 functional component
  NotFound: () => 'custom 404',

  enhanceApp({ app, router, siteData }) {
    // app is the Vue 3 app instance from `createApp()`.
    // router is VitePress' custom router. `siteData` is
    // a `ref` of current site-level metadata.
  }
}
```

...where the `Layout` component could look like this:

```vue
<!-- .vitepress/theme/Layout.vue -->
<template>
  <h1>Custom Layout!</h1>

  <!-- this is where markdown content will be rendered -->
  <Content />
</template>
```

The default export is the only contract for a custom theme. Inside your custom theme, it works just like a normal Vite + Vue 3 application. Do note the theme also needs to be [SSR-compatible](./using-vue#browser-api-access-restrictions).

To distribute a theme, simply export the object in your package entry. To consume an external theme, import and re-export it from the custom theme entry:

```js
// .vitepress/theme/index.js
import Theme from 'awesome-vitepress-theme'

export default Theme
```

## Extending the Default Theme

If you want to extend and customize the default theme, you can import it from `vitepress/theme` and augment it in a custom theme entry. Here are some examples of common customizations:

### Registering Global Components

```js
// .vitepress/theme/index.js
import DefaultTheme from 'vitepress/theme'

export default {
  ...DefaultTheme,
  enhanceApp({ app }) {
    // register global components
    app.component('MyGlobalComponent', /* ... */)
  }
}
```

Since we are using Vite, you can also leverage Vite's [glob import feature](https://vitejs.dev/guide/features.html#glob-import) to auto register a directory of components.

### Customizing CSS

The default theme CSS is customizable by overriding root level CSS variables:

```js
// .vitepress/theme/index.js
import DefaultTheme from 'vitepress/theme'
import './custom.css'

export default DefaultTheme
```

```css
/* .vitepress/theme/custom.css */
:root {
  --vp-c-brand: #646cff;
  --vp-c-brand-light: #747bff;
}
```

See [default theme CSS variables](https://github.com/vuejs/vitepress/blob/main/src/client/theme-default/styles/vars.css) that can be overridden.

### Layout Slots

The default theme's `<Layout/>` component has a few slots that can be used to inject content at certain locations of the page. Here's an example of injecting a component into the before outline:

```js
// .vitepress/theme/index.js
import DefaultTheme from 'vitepress/theme'
import MyLayout from './MyLayout.vue'

export default {
  ...DefaultTheme,
  // override the Layout with a wrapper component that
  // injects the slots
  Layout: MyLayout
}
```

```vue
<!--.vitepress/theme/MyLayout.vue-->
<script setup>
import DefaultTheme from 'vitepress/theme'

const { Layout } = DefaultTheme
</script>

<template>
  <Layout>
    <template #aside-outline-before>
      My custom sidebar top content
    </template>
  </Layout>
</template>
```

Or you could use render function as well.

```js
// .vitepress/theme/index.js
import DefaultTheme from 'vitepress/theme'
import MyComponent from './MyComponent.vue'

export default {
  ...DefaultTheme,
  Layout() {
    return h(DefaultTheme.Layout, null, {
      'sidebar-top': () => h(MyComponent)
    })
  }
}
```

Full list of slots available in the default theme layout:

- When `layout: 'doc'` (default) is enabled via frontmatter:
  - `aside-top`
  - `aside-bottom`
  - `aside-outline-before`
  - `aside-outline-after`
  - `aside-ads-before`
  - `aside-ads-after`
- When `layout: 'home'` is enabled via frontmatter:
  - `home-hero-before`
  - `home-hero-after`
  - `home-features-before`
  - `home-features-after`