svelte

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`svelte`

The svelte package exposes lifecycle functions and the context API.

`onMount`

onMount(callback: () => void)

onMount(callback: () => () => void)

The onMount function schedules a callback to run as soon as the component has been mounted to the DOM. It must be called during the component's initialisation (but doesn't need to live inside the component; it can be called from an external module).

onMount does not run inside a server-side component.

<script>
	import { onMount } from 'svelte';

	onMount(() => {
		console.log('the component has mounted');
	});
</script>

If a function is returned from onMount, it will be called when the component is unmounted.

<script>
	import { onMount } from 'svelte';

	onMount(() => {
		const interval = setInterval(() => {
			console.log('beep');
		}, 1000);

		return () => clearInterval(interval);
	});
</script>

`beforeUpdate`

beforeUpdate(callback: () => void)

Schedules a callback to run immediately before the component is updated after any state change.

The first time the callback runs will be before the initial onMount

<script>
	import { beforeUpdate } from 'svelte';

	beforeUpdate(() => {
		console.log('the component is about to update');
	});
</script>

`afterUpdate`

afterUpdate(callback: () => void)

Schedules a callback to run immediately after the component has been updated.

<script>
	import { afterUpdate } from 'svelte';

	afterUpdate(() => {
		console.log('the component just updated');
	});
</script>

`onDestroy`

onDestroy(callback: () => void)

Schedules a callback to run once the component is unmounted.

Out of onMount, beforeUpdate, afterUpdate and onDestroy, this is the only one that runs inside a server-side component.

<script>
	import { onDestroy } from 'svelte';

	onDestroy(() => {
		console.log('the component is being destroyed');
	});
</script>

`tick`

promise: Promise = tick()

Returns a promise that resolves once any pending state changes have been applied, or in the next microtask if there are none.

<script>
	import { beforeUpdate, tick } from 'svelte';

	beforeUpdate(async () => {
		console.log('the component is about to update');
		await tick();
		console.log('the component just updated');
	});
</script>

`setContext`

setContext(key: any, context: any)

Associates an arbitrary context object with the current component and the specified key. The context is then available to children of the component (including slotted content) with getContext.

Like lifecycle functions, this must be called during component initialisation.

<script>
	import { setContext } from 'svelte';

	setContext('answer', 42);
</script>

Context is not inherently reactive. If you need reactive values in context then you can pass a store into context, which will be reactive.

`getContext`

context: any = getContext(key: any)

Retrieves the context that belongs to the closest parent component with the specified key. Must be called during component initialisation.

<script>
	import { getContext } from 'svelte';

	const answer = getContext('answer');
</script>

`createEventDispatcher`

dispatch: ((name: string, detail?: any) => void) = createEventDispatcher();

Creates an event dispatcher that can be used to dispatch component events. Event dispatchers are functions that can take two arguments: name and detail.

Component events created with createEventDispatcher create a CustomEvent. These events do not bubble and are not cancellable with event.preventDefault(). The detail argument corresponds to the CustomEvent.detail property and can contain any type of data.

<script>
	import { createEventDispatcher } from 'svelte';

	const dispatch = createEventDispatcher();
</script>

<button on:click="{() => dispatch('notify', 'detail value')}">Fire Event</button>

Events dispatched from child components can be listened to in their parent. Any data provided when the event was dispatched is available on the detail property of the event object.

<script>
	function callbackFunction(event) {
		console.log(`Notify fired! Detail: ${event.detail}`)
	}
</script>

<Child on:notify="{callbackFunction}"/>

`svelte/store`

The svelte/store module exports functions for creating stores.

`writable`

store = writable(value: any)

store = writable(value: any, (set: (value: any) => void) => () => void)

Function that creates a store which has values that can be set from 'outside' components. It gets created as an object with additional set and update methods.

set is a method that takes one argument which is the value to be set. The store value gets set to the value of the argument if the store value is not already equal to it.

update is a method that takes one argument which is a callback. The callback takes the existing store value as its argument and returns the new value to be set to the store.

import { writable } from 'svelte/store';

const count = writable(0);

count.subscribe(value => {
	console.log(value);
}); // logs '0'

count.set(1); // logs '1'

count.update(n => n + 1); // logs '2'

If a function is passed as the second argument, it will be called when the number of subscribers goes from zero to one (but not from one to two, etc). That function will be passed a set function which changes the value of the store. It must return a stop function that is called when the subscriber count goes from one to zero.

import { writable } from 'svelte/store';

const count = writable(0, () => {
	console.log('got a subscriber');
	return () => console.log('no more subscribers');
});

count.set(1); // does nothing

const unsubscribe = count.subscribe(value => {
	console.log(value);
}); // logs 'got a subscriber', then '1'

unsubscribe(); // logs 'no more subscribers'

`readable`

store = readable(value: any, (set: (value: any) => void) => () => void)

Creates a store whose value cannot be set from 'outside', the first argument is the store's initial value.

The second argument to readable is the same as the second argument to writable, except that it is required with readable (since otherwise there would be no way to update the store value).

import { readable } from 'svelte/store';

const time = readable(new Date(), set => {
	const interval = setInterval(() => {
		set(new Date());
	}, 1000);

	return () => clearInterval(interval);
});

`derived`

store = derived(a, callback: (a: any) => any)

store = derived(a, callback: (a: any, set: (value: any) => void) => void | () => void, initial_value: any)

store = derived([a, ...b], callback: ([a: any, ...b: any[]]) => any)

store = derived([a, ...b], callback: ([a: any, ...b: any[]], set: (value: any) => void) => void | () => void, initial_value: any)

Derives a store from one or more other stores. Whenever those dependencies change, the callback runs.

In the simplest version, derived takes a single store, and the callback returns a derived value.

import { derived } from 'svelte/store';

const doubled = derived(a, $a => $a * 2);

The callback can set a value asynchronously by accepting a second argument, set, and calling it when appropriate.

In this case, you can also pass a third argument to derived — the initial value of the derived store before set is first called.

import { derived } from 'svelte/store';

const delayed = derived(a, ($a, set) => {
	setTimeout(() => set($a), 1000);
}, 'one moment...');

If you return a function from the callback, it will be called when a) the callback runs again, or b) the last subscriber unsubscribes.

import { derived } from 'svelte/store';

const tick = derived(frequency, ($frequency, set) => {
	const interval = setInterval(() => {
	  set(Date.now());
	}, 1000 / $frequency);

	return () => {
		clearInterval(interval);
	};
}, 'one moment...');

In both cases, an array of arguments can be passed as the first argument instead of a single store.

import { derived } from 'svelte/store';

const summed = derived([a, b], ([$a, $b]) => $a + $b);

const delayed = derived([a, b], ([$a, $b], set) => {
	setTimeout(() => set($a + $b), 1000);
});

`get`

value: any = get(store)

Generally, you should read the value of a store by subscribing to it and using the value as it changes over time. Occasionally, you may need to retrieve the value of a store to which you're not subscribed. get allows you to do so.

This works by creating a subscription, reading the value, then unsubscribing. It's therefore not recommended in hot code paths.

import { get } from 'svelte/store';

const value = get(store);

`svelte/motion`

The svelte/motion module exports two functions, tweened and spring, for creating writable stores whose values change over time after set and update, rather than immediately.

`tweened`

store = tweened(value: any, options)

Tweened stores update their values over a fixed duration. The following options are available:

delay (number, default 0) — milliseconds before starting
duration (number, default 400) — milliseconds the tween lasts
easing (function, default t => t) — an easing function
interpolate (function) — see below

store.set and store.update can accept a second options argument that will override the options passed in upon instantiation.

Both functions return a Promise that resolves when the tween completes. If the tween is interrupted, the promise will never resolve.

Out of the box, Svelte will interpolate between two numbers, two arrays or two objects (as long as the arrays and objects are the same 'shape', and their 'leaf' properties are also numbers).

<script>
	import { tweened } from 'svelte/motion';
	import { cubicOut } from 'svelte/easing';

	const size = tweened(1, {
		duration: 300,
		easing: cubicOut
	});

	function handleClick() {
		// this is equivalent to size.update(n => n + 1)
		$size += 1;
	}
</script>

<button
	on:click={handleClick}
	style="transform: scale({$size}); transform-origin: 0 0"
>embiggen</button>

If the initial value is undefined or null, the first value change will take effect immediately. This is useful when you have tweened values that are based on props, and don't want any motion when the component first renders.

const size = tweened(undefined, {
	duration: 300,
	easing: cubicOut
});

$: $size = big ? 100 : 10;

The interpolate option allows you to tween between any arbitrary values. It must be an (a, b) => t => value function, where a is the starting value, b is the target value, t is a number between 0 and 1, and value is the result. For example, we can use the d3-interpolate package to smoothly interpolate between two colours.

<script>
	import { interpolateLab } from 'd3-interpolate';
	import { tweened } from 'svelte/motion';

	const colors = [
		'rgb(255, 62, 0)',
		'rgb(64, 179, 255)',
		'rgb(103, 103, 120)'
	];

	const color = tweened(colors[0], {
		duration: 800,
		interpolate: interpolateLab
	});
</script>

{#each colors as c}
	<button
		style="background-color: {c}; color: white; border: none;"
		on:click="{e => color.set(c)}"
	>{c}</button>
{/each}

<h1 style="color: {$color}">{$color}</h1>

`spring`

store = spring(value: any, options)

A spring store gradually changes to its target value based on its stiffness and damping parameters. Whereas tweened stores change their values over a fixed duration, spring stores change over a duration that is determined by their existing velocity, allowing for more natural-seeming motion in many situations. The following options are available:

stiffness (number, default 0.15) — a value between 0 and 1 where higher means a 'tighter' spring
damping (number, default 0.8) — a value between 0 and 1 where lower means a 'springier' spring
precision (number, default 0.001) — determines the threshold at which the spring is considered to have 'settled', where lower means more precise

As with tweened stores, set and update return a Promise that resolves if the spring settles. The store.stiffness and store.damping properties can be changed while the spring is in motion, and will take immediate effect.

Both set and update can take a second argument — an object with hard or soft properties. { hard: true } sets the target value immediately; { soft: n } preserves existing momentum for n seconds before settling. { soft: true } is equivalent to { soft: 0.5 }.

See a full example on the spring tutorial.

<script>
	import { spring } from 'svelte/motion';

	const coords = spring({ x: 50, y: 50 }, {
		stiffness: 0.1,
		damping: 0.25
	});
</script>

If the initial value is undefined or null, the first value change will take effect immediately, just as with tweened values (see above).

const size = spring();
$: $size = big ? 100 : 10;

`svelte/transition`

The svelte/transition module exports six functions: fade, fly, slide, scale, draw and crossfade. They are for use with svelte transitions.

`fade`

transition:fade={params}

in:fade={params}

out:fade={params}

Animates the opacity of an element from 0 to the current opacity for in transitions and from the current opacity to 0 for out transitions.

fade accepts the following parameters:

delay (number, default 0) — milliseconds before starting
duration (number, default 400) — milliseconds the transition lasts

You can see the fade transition in action in the transition tutorial.

<script>
	import { fade } from 'svelte/transition';
</script>

{#if condition}
	<div transition:fade="{{delay: 250, duration: 300}}">
		fades in and out
	</div>
{/if}

`blur`

transition:blur={params}

in:blur={params}

out:blur={params}

Animates a blur filter alongside an element's opacity.

blur accepts the following parameters:

delay (number, default 0) — milliseconds before starting
duration (number, default 400) — milliseconds the transition lasts
easing (function, default cubicInOut) — an easing function
opacity (number, default 0) - the opacity value to animate out to and in from
amount (number, default 5) - the size of the blur in pixels

<script>
	import { blur } from 'svelte/transition';
</script>

{#if condition}
	<div transition:blur="{{amount: 10}}">
		fades in and out
	</div>
{/if}

`fly`

transition:fly={params}

in:fly={params}

out:fly={params}

Animates the x and y positions and the opacity of an element. in transitions animate from an element's current (default) values to the provided values, passed as parameters. out transitions animate from the provided values to an element's default values.

fly accepts the following parameters:

delay (number, default 0) — milliseconds before starting
duration (number, default 400) — milliseconds the transition lasts
easing (function, default cubicOut) — an easing function
x (number, default 0) - the x offset to animate out to and in from
y (number, default 0) - the y offset to animate out to and in from
opacity (number, default 0) - the opacity value to animate out to and in from

You can see the fly transition in action in the transition tutorial.

<script>
	import { fly } from 'svelte/transition';
	import { quintOut } from 'svelte/easing';
</script>

{#if condition}
	<div transition:fly="{{delay: 250, duration: 300, x: 100, y: 500, opacity: 0.5, easing: quintOut}}">
		flies in and out
	</div>
{/if}

`slide`

transition:slide={params}

in:slide={params}

out:slide={params}

Slides an element in and out.

slide accepts the following parameters:

delay (number, default 0) — milliseconds before starting
duration (number, default 400) — milliseconds the transition lasts
easing (function, default cubicOut) — an easing function

<script>
	import { slide } from 'svelte/transition';
	import { quintOut } from 'svelte/easing';
</script>

{#if condition}
	<div transition:slide="{{delay: 250, duration: 300, easing: quintOut }}">
		slides in and out
	</div>
{/if}

`scale`

transition:scale={params}

in:scale={params}

out:scale={params}

Animates the opacity and scale of an element. in transitions animate from an element's current (default) values to the provided values, passed as parameters. out transitions animate from the provided values to an element's default values.

scale accepts the following parameters:

delay (number, default 0) — milliseconds before starting
duration (number, default 400) — milliseconds the transition lasts
easing (function, default cubicOut) — an easing function
start (number, default 0) - the scale value to animate out to and in from
opacity (number, default 0) - the opacity value to animate out to and in from

<script>
	import { scale } from 'svelte/transition';
	import { quintOut } from 'svelte/easing';
</script>

{#if condition}
	<div transition:scale="{{duration: 500, delay: 500, opacity: 0.5, start: 0.5, easing: quintOut}}">
		scales in and out
	</div>
{/if}

`draw`

transition:draw={params}

in:draw={params}

out:draw={params}

Animates the stroke of an SVG element, like a snake in a tube. in transitions begin with the path invisible and draw the path to the screen over time. out transitions start in a visible state and gradually erase the path. draw only works with elements that have a getTotalLength method, like <path> and <polyline>.

draw accepts the following parameters:

delay (number, default 0) — milliseconds before starting
speed (number, default undefined) - the speed of the animation, see below.
duration (number | function, default 800) — milliseconds the transition lasts
easing (function, default cubicInOut) — an easing function

The speed parameter is a means of setting the duration of the transition relative to the path's length. It is modifier that is applied to the length of the path: duration = length / speed. A path that is 1000 pixels with a speed of 1 will have a duration of 1000ms, setting the speed to 0.5 will double that duration and setting it to 2 will halve it.

<script>
	import { draw } from 'svelte/transition';
	import { quintOut } from 'svelte/easing';
</script>

<svg viewBox="0 0 5 5" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg">
	{#if condition}
		<path transition:draw="{{duration: 5000, delay: 500, easing: quintOut}}"
					d="M2 1 h1 v1 h1 v1 h-1 v1 h-1 v-1 h-1 v-1 h1 z"
					fill="none"
					stroke="cornflowerblue"
					stroke-width="0.1px"
					stroke-linejoin="round"
		/>
	{/if}
</svg>

`svelte/animate`

The svelte/animate module exports one function for use with svelte animations.

`flip`

animate:flip={params}

The flip function calculates the start and end position of an element and animates between them, translating the x and y values. flip stands for First, Last, Invert, Play.

flip accepts the following parameters:

delay (number, default 0) — milliseconds before starting
duration (number | function, default d => Math.sqrt(d) * 120) — see below
easing (function, default cubicOut) — an easing function

duration can be be provided as either:

a number, in milliseconds.
a function, distance: number => duration: number, receiving the distance the element will travel in pixels and returning the duration in milliseconds. This allows you to assign a duration that is relative to the distance travelled by each element.

You can see a full example on the animations tutorial

<script>
	import { flip } from 'svelte/animate';
	import { quintOut } from 'svelte/easing';

	let list = [1, 2, 3];
</script>

{#each list as n (n)}
	<div animate:flip="{{delay: 250, duration: 250, easing: quintOut}}">
		{n}
	</div>
{/each}

`svelte/easing`

Easing functions specificy the rate of change over time and are useful when working with Svelte's built-in transitions and animations as well as the tweened and spring utilities. svelte/easing contains 31 named exports, a linear ease and 3 variants of 10 different easing functions: in, out and inOut.

You can explore the various eases using the ease visualiser in the examples section.

ease	in	out	inOut
back	`backIn`	`backOut`	`backInOut`
bounce	`bounceIn`	`bounceOut`	`bounceInOut`
circ	`circIn`	`circOut`	`circInOut`
cubic	`cubicIn`	`cubicOut`	`cubicInOut`
elastic	`elasticIn`	`elasticOut`	`elasticInOut`
expo	`expoIn`	`expoOut`	`expoInOut`
quad	`quadIn`	`quadOut`	`quadInOut`
quart	`quartIn`	`quartOut`	`quartInOut`
quint	`quintIn`	`quintOut`	`quintInOut`
sine	`sineIn`	`sineOut`	`sineInOut`

`svelte/register`

To render Svelte components in Node.js without bundling, use require('svelte/register'). After that, you can use require to include any .svelte file.

require('svelte/register');

const App = require('./App.svelte').default;

...

const { html, css, head } = App.render({ answer: 42 });

The .default is necessary because we're converting from native JavaScript modules to the CommonJS modules recognised by Node. Note that if your component imports JavaScript modules, they will fail to load in Node and you will need to use a bundler instead.

To set compile options, or to use a custom file extension, call the register hook as a function:

require('svelte/register')({
  extensions: ['.customextension'], // defaults to ['.html', '.svelte']
	preserveComments: true
});

Client-side component API

Creating a component

const component = new Component(options)

A client-side component — that is, a component compiled with generate: 'dom' (or the generate option left unspecified) is a JavaScript class.

import App from './App.svelte';

const app = new App({
	target: document.body,
	props: {
		// assuming App.svelte contains something like
		// `export let answer`:
		answer: 42
	}
});

The following initialisation options can be provided:

option	default	description
`target`	none	An `HTMLElement` to render to. This option is required
`anchor`	`null`	A child of `target` to render the component immediately before
`props`	`{}`	An object of properties to supply to the component
`hydrate`	`false`	See below
`intro`	`false`	If `true`, will play transitions on initial render, rather than waiting for subsequent state changes

Existing children of target are left where they are.

The hydrate option instructs Svelte to upgrade existing DOM (usually from server-side rendering) rather than creating new elements. It will only work if the component was compiled with the hydratable: true option.

Whereas children of target are normally left alone, hydrate: true will cause any children to be removed. For that reason, the anchor option cannot be used alongside hydrate: true.

The existing DOM doesn't need to match the component — Svelte will 'repair' the DOM as it goes.

import App from './App.svelte';

const app = new App({
	target: document.querySelector('#server-rendered-html'),
	hydrate: true
});

`$set`

component.$set(props)

Programmatically sets props on an instance. component.$set({ x: 1 }) is equivalent to x = 1 inside the component's <script> block.

Calling this method schedules an update for the next microtask — the DOM is not updated synchronously.

component.$set({ answer: 42 });

`$on`

component.$on(event, callback)

Causes the callback function to be called whenever the component dispatches an event.

A function is returned that will remove the event listener when called.

const off = app.$on('selected', event => {
	console.log(event.detail.selection);
});

off();

`$destroy`

component.$destroy()

Removes a component from the DOM and triggers any onDestroy handlers.

Component props

component.prop

component.prop = value

If a component is compiled with accessors: true, each instance will have getters and setters corresponding to each of the component's props. Setting a value will cause a synchronous update, rather than the default async update caused by component.$set(...).

By default, accessors is false, unless you're compiling as a custom element.

console.log(app.count);
app.count += 1;

Custom element API

Svelte components can also be compiled to custom elements (aka web components) using the customElement: true compiler option. You should specify a tag name for the component using the <svelte:options> element.

<svelte:options tag="my-element">

<script>
	export let name = 'world';
</script>

<h1>Hello {name}!</h1>
<slot></slot>

Alternatively, use tag={null} to indicate that the consumer of the custom element should name it.

import MyElement from './MyElement.svelte';

customElements.define('my-element', MyElement);

Once a custom element has been defined, it can be used as a regular DOM element:

document.body.innerHTML = `
	<my-element>
		<p>This is some slotted content</p>
	</my-element>
`;

By default, custom elements are compiled with accessors: true, which means that any props are exposed as properties of the DOM element (as well as being readable/writable as attributes, where possible).

To prevent this, add accessors={false} to <svelte:options>.

const el = document.querySelector('my-element');

// get the current value of the 'name' prop
console.log(el.name);

// set a new value, updating the shadow DOM
el.name = 'everybody';

Custom elements can be a useful way to package components for consumption in a non-Svelte app, as they will work with vanilla HTML and JavaScript as well as most frameworks. There are, however, some important differences to be aware of:

Styles are encapsulated, rather than merely scoped. This means that any non-component styles (such as you might have in a global.css file) will not apply to the custom element, including styles with the :global(...) modifier
Instead of being extracted out as a separate .css file, styles are inlined into the component as a JavaScript string
Custom elements are not generally suitable for server-side rendering, as the shadow DOM is invisible until JavaScript loads
In Svelte, slotted content renders lazily. In the DOM, it renders eagerly. In other words, it will always be created even if the component's <slot> element is inside an {#if ...} block. Similarly, including a <slot> in an {#each ...} block will not cause the slotted content to be rendered multiple times
The let: directive has no effect
Polyfills are required to support older browsers

Server-side component API

const result = Component.render(...)

Unlike client-side components, server-side components don't have a lifespan after you render them — their whole job is to create some HTML and CSS. For that reason, the API is somewhat different.

A server-side component exposes a render method that can be called with optional props. It returns an object with head, html, and css properties, where head contains the contents of any <svelte:head> elements encountered.

You can import a Svelte component directly into Node using svelte/register.

require('svelte/register');

const App = require('./App.svelte').default;

const { head, html, css } = App.render({
	answer: 42
});

29 KiB Raw Blame History

svelte

onMount

beforeUpdate

afterUpdate

onDestroy

tick

setContext

getContext

createEventDispatcher

svelte/store

writable

readable

derived

get

svelte/motion

tweened

spring

svelte/transition

fade

blur

fly

slide

scale

draw

svelte/animate

flip

svelte/easing

svelte/register