fix: untrack `$inspect.with` and add check for unsafe mutation (#16209)

Co-authored-by: Rich Harris <rich.harris@vercel.com>

.changeset/clever-dodos-jam.md

@@ -0,0 +1,5 @@
+---
+'svelte': patch
+---
+
+fix: untrack `$inspect.with` and add check for unsafe mutation

documentation/docs/98-reference/.generated/client-errors.md

@@ -125,7 +125,7 @@ Cannot set prototype of `$state` object
 ### state_unsafe_mutation
 
 ```
-Updating state inside a derived or a template expression is forbidden. If the value should not be reactive, declare it without `$state`
+Updating state inside `$derived(...)`, `$inspect(...)` or a template expression is forbidden. If the value should not be reactive, declare it without `$state`
 ```
 
 This error occurs when state is updated while evaluating a `$derived`. You might encounter it while trying to 'derive' two pieces of state in one go:

packages/svelte/messages/client-errors/errors.md

@@ -82,7 +82,7 @@ See the [migration guide](/docs/svelte/v5-migration-guide#Components-are-no-long
 
 ## state_unsafe_mutation
 
-> Updating state inside a derived or a template expression is forbidden. If the value should not be reactive, declare it without `$state`
+> Updating state inside `$derived(...)`, `$inspect(...)` or a template expression is forbidden. If the value should not be reactive, declare it without `$state`
 
 This error occurs when state is updated while evaluating a `$derived`. You might encounter it while trying to 'derive' two pieces of state in one go:
 

packages/svelte/src/internal/client/dev/inspect.js

@@ -1,6 +1,7 @@
 import { UNINITIALIZED } from '../../../constants.js';
 import { snapshot } from '../../shared/clone.js';
 import { inspect_effect, validate_effect } from '../reactivity/effects.js';
+import { untrack } from '../runtime.js';
 
 /**
  * @param {() => any[]} get_value
@@ -28,7 +29,10 @@ export function inspect(get_value, inspector = console.log) {
 		}
 
 		if (value !== UNINITIALIZED) {
-			inspector(initial ? 'init' : 'update', ...snapshot(value, true));
+			var snap = snapshot(value, true);
+			untrack(() => {
+				inspector(initial ? 'init' : 'update', ...snap);
+			});
 		}
 
 		initial = false;

packages/svelte/src/internal/client/errors.js

@@ -307,12 +307,12 @@ export function state_prototype_fixed() {
 }
 
 /**
- * Updating state inside a derived or a template expression is forbidden. If the value should not be reactive, declare it without `$state`
+ * Updating state inside `$derived(...)`, `$inspect(...)` or a template expression is forbidden. If the value should not be reactive, declare it without `$state`
  * @returns {never}
  */
 export function state_unsafe_mutation() {
 	if (DEV) {
-		const error = new Error(`state_unsafe_mutation\nUpdating state inside a derived or a template expression is forbidden. If the value should not be reactive, declare it without \`$state\`\nhttps://svelte.dev/e/state_unsafe_mutation`);
+		const error = new Error(`state_unsafe_mutation\nUpdating state inside \`$derived(...)\`, \`$inspect(...)\` or a template expression is forbidden. If the value should not be reactive, declare it without \`$state\`\nhttps://svelte.dev/e/state_unsafe_mutation`);
 
 		error.name = 'Svelte error';
 		throw error;

packages/svelte/src/internal/client/reactivity/sources.js

@@ -135,9 +135,11 @@ export function mutate(source, value) {
 export function set(source, value, should_proxy = false) {
 	if (
 		active_reaction !== null &&
-		!untracking &&
+		// since we are untracking the function inside `$inspect.with` we need to add this check
+		// to ensure we error if state is set inside an inspect effect
+		(!untracking || (active_reaction.f & INSPECT_EFFECT) !== 0) &&
 		is_runes() &&
-		(active_reaction.f & (DERIVED | BLOCK_EFFECT)) !== 0 &&
+		(active_reaction.f & (DERIVED | BLOCK_EFFECT | INSPECT_EFFECT)) !== 0 &&
 		!(reaction_sources?.[1].includes(source) && reaction_sources[0] === active_reaction)
 	) {
 		e.state_unsafe_mutation();

packages/svelte/tests/runtime-runes/samples/inspect-state-unsafe-mutation/_config.js

@@ -0,0 +1,9 @@
+import { flushSync } from 'svelte';
+import { test } from '../../test';
+
+export default test({
+	compileOptions: {
+		dev: true
+	},
+	error: 'state_unsafe_mutation'
+});

packages/svelte/tests/runtime-runes/samples/inspect-state-unsafe-mutation/main.svelte

@@ -0,0 +1,10 @@
+<script>
+	let a = $state(0);
+
+	let b = $state(0);
+
+	$inspect(a).with((...args)=>{
+		console.log(...args);
+		b++;
+	});
+</script>

packages/svelte/tests/runtime-runes/samples/inspect-with-untracked/_config.js

@@ -0,0 +1,20 @@
+import { flushSync } from 'svelte';
+import { test } from '../../test';
+
+export default test({
+	compileOptions: {
+		dev: true
+	},
+	async test({ assert, target, logs }) {
+		const [a, b] = target.querySelectorAll('button');
+		assert.deepEqual(logs, ['init', 0]);
+		flushSync(() => {
+			b?.click();
+		});
+		assert.deepEqual(logs, ['init', 0]);
+		flushSync(() => {
+			a?.click();
+		});
+		assert.deepEqual(logs, ['init', 0, 'update', 1]);
+	}
+});

packages/svelte/tests/runtime-runes/samples/inspect-with-untracked/main.svelte

@@ -0,0 +1,13 @@
+<script>
+	let a = $state(0);
+
+	let b = $state(0);
+
+	$inspect(a).with((...args)=>{
+		console.log(...args);
+		b;
+	});
+</script>
+
+<button onclick={()=>a++}></button>
+<button onclick={()=>b++}></button>