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HashMap 大家都清楚,底层是 数组 + (链表 / 红黑树),**元素是无序的**,而 LinkedHashMap 则比 HashMap 多了这一个功能,并且,LinkedHashMap 的有序可以按两种顺序排列,一种是按照插入的顺序,一种是按照访问的顺序(初始化LinkedHashMap对象时设置accessOrder参数为true),而其内部是靠 建立一个双向链表 来维护这个顺序的,在每次插入、删除后,都会调用一个函数来进行 双向链表的维护,这也是实现 LRU Cache 功能的基础。
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先说几个比较重要的结论,大家可以根据这些结论从后面的源码解析中 得到证据。
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1. LinkedHashMap 继承了 HashMap,所以和 HashMap 的底层数据结构是一样的,都是数组+链表+红黑树,扩容机制也一样;
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2. LinkedHashMap 是通过双向链表来维护数据的,与 HashMap 的拉链式存储不一样;
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3. LinkedHashMap 存储顺序与添加顺序是一样得,同时可以根据 accessOrder参数 来决定是否在访问时移动元素,以实现 LRU 功能。
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```java
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public class LinkedHashMap<K,V> extends HashMap<K,V> implements Map<K,V> {
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/**
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* 在 HashMap.Node节点 的基础上增加了 “前继节点” 和 “后继节点” 这种双向链表的功能特性
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*/
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static class Entry<K,V> extends HashMap.Node<K,V> {
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Entry<K,V> before, after;
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Entry(int hash, K key, V value, Node<K,V> next) {
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super(hash, key, value, next);
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}
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}
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/**
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* 记录这个 LinkedHashMap容器的 头节点
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*/
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transient LinkedHashMap.Entry<K,V> head;
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/**
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* 记录这个 LinkedHashMap容器的 尾节点
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*/
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transient LinkedHashMap.Entry<K,V> tail;
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/**
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* 是否根据访问 进行排序,true为是,可通过构造方法进行设置
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*/
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final boolean accessOrder;
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// 下面是一些私有的内部公用方法
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// 将元素连接到链表尾部
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private void linkNodeLast(LinkedHashMap.Entry<K,V> p) {
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LinkedHashMap.Entry<K,V> last = tail;
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tail = p;
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if (last == null)
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head = p;
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else {
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p.before = last;
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last.after = p;
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}
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}
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// apply src's links to dst
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private void transferLinks(LinkedHashMap.Entry<K,V> src, LinkedHashMap.Entry<K,V> dst) {
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LinkedHashMap.Entry<K,V> b = dst.before = src.before;
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LinkedHashMap.Entry<K,V> a = dst.after = src.after;
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if (b == null)
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head = dst;
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else
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b.after = dst;
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if (a == null)
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tail = dst;
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else
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a.before = dst;
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}
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// 下面是一些 重写的 HashMap 的 hook methods,其中 afterNodeInsertion、afterNodeRemoval
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// afterNodeAccess及方法,在每次插入、删除、访问后,都会回调 用来维护双向链表
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void reinitialize() {
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super.reinitialize();
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head = tail = null;
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}
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Node<K,V> newNode(int hash, K key, V value, Node<K,V> e) {
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LinkedHashMap.Entry<K,V> p =
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new LinkedHashMap.Entry<K,V>(hash, key, value, e);
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linkNodeLast(p);
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return p;
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}
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Node<K,V> replacementNode(Node<K,V> p, Node<K,V> next) {
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LinkedHashMap.Entry<K,V> q = (LinkedHashMap.Entry<K,V>)p;
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LinkedHashMap.Entry<K,V> t =
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new LinkedHashMap.Entry<K,V>(q.hash, q.key, q.value, next);
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transferLinks(q, t);
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return t;
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}
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TreeNode<K,V> newTreeNode(int hash, K key, V value, Node<K,V> next) {
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TreeNode<K,V> p = new TreeNode<K,V>(hash, key, value, next);
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linkNodeLast(p);
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return p;
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}
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TreeNode<K,V> replacementTreeNode(Node<K,V> p, Node<K,V> next) {
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LinkedHashMap.Entry<K,V> q = (LinkedHashMap.Entry<K,V>)p;
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TreeNode<K,V> t = new TreeNode<K,V>(q.hash, q.key, q.value, next);
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transferLinks(q, t);
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return t;
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}
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// 在删除元素之后,将元素从双向链表中删除
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void afterNodeRemoval(Node<K,V> e) { // unlink
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LinkedHashMap.Entry<K,V> p =
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(LinkedHashMap.Entry<K,V>)e, b = p.before, a = p.after;
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p.before = p.after = null;
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if (b == null)
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head = a;
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else
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b.after = a;
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if (a == null)
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tail = b;
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else
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a.before = b;
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}
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// 可用于删除最老的元素
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void afterNodeInsertion(boolean evict) { // possibly remove eldest
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LinkedHashMap.Entry<K,V> first;
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if (evict && (first = head) != null && removeEldestEntry(first)) {
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K key = first.key;
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removeNode(hash(key), key, null, false, true);
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}
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}
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// 是否删除 最近最少使用的元素
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protected boolean removeEldestEntry(Map.Entry<K,V> eldest) {
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return false;
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}
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// 在访问元素之后,将该元素放到双向链表的尾巴处
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void afterNodeAccess(Node<K,V> e) { // move node to last
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LinkedHashMap.Entry<K,V> last;
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if (accessOrder && (last = tail) != e) {
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LinkedHashMap.Entry<K,V> p =
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(LinkedHashMap.Entry<K,V>)e, b = p.before, a = p.after;
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p.after = null;
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if (b == null)
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head = a;
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else
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b.after = a;
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if (a != null)
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a.before = b;
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else
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last = b;
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if (last == null)
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head = p;
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else {
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p.before = last;
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last.after = p;
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}
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tail = p;
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++modCount;
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}
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}
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void internalWriteEntries(java.io.ObjectOutputStream s) throws IOException {
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for (LinkedHashMap.Entry<K,V> e = head; e != null; e = e.after) {
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s.writeObject(e.key);
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s.writeObject(e.value);
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}
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}
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/**
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* 跟 HashMap 的构造方法没啥区别,初始容量、扩容因子 用以减少resize和rehash,提升容器整体性能
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*/
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public LinkedHashMap(int initialCapacity, float loadFactor) {
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super(initialCapacity, loadFactor);
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accessOrder = false;
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}
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public LinkedHashMap(int initialCapacity) {
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super(initialCapacity);
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accessOrder = false;
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}
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/**
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* 注意!accessOrder参数默认为false,如果想使用 LRU机制,记得设为 true
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*/
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public LinkedHashMap() {
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super();
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accessOrder = false;
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}
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public LinkedHashMap(Map<? extends K, ? extends V> m) {
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super();
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accessOrder = false;
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putMapEntries(m, false);
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}
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/**
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* 使用这个构造方法 设置accessOrder
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*/
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public LinkedHashMap(int initialCapacity, float loadFactor, boolean accessOrder) {
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super(initialCapacity, loadFactor);
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this.accessOrder = accessOrder;
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}
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/**
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* 是否包含指定元素
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*/
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public boolean containsValue(Object value) {
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for (LinkedHashMap.Entry<K,V> e = head; e != null; e = e.after) {
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V v = e.value;
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if (v == value || (value != null && value.equals(v)))
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return true;
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}
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return false;
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}
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/**
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* 获取指定key对应的value,如果accessOrder为true,会回调afterNodeAccess方法
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* 将元素放到队尾
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*/
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public V get(Object key) {
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Node<K,V> e;
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if ((e = getNode(hash(key), key)) == null)
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return null;
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if (accessOrder)
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afterNodeAccess(e);
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return e.value;
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}
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/**
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* 根据 key 获取对应的 value,如果key不存在,则返回给定的默认值 defaultValue
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*/
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public V getOrDefault(Object key, V defaultValue) {
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Node<K,V> e;
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if ((e = getNode(hash(key), key)) == null)
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return defaultValue;
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if (accessOrder)
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afterNodeAccess(e);
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return e.value;
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}
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/**
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* {@inheritDoc}
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*/
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public void clear() {
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super.clear();
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head = tail = null;
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}
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/**
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* 获取key的set集合
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*/
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public Set<K> keySet() {
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Set<K> ks = keySet;
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if (ks == null) {
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ks = new LinkedKeySet();
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keySet = ks;
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}
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return ks;
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}
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/**
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* 返回 键值对 的Set集合
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*/
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public Set<Map.Entry<K,V>> entrySet() {
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Set<Map.Entry<K,V>> es;
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return (es = entrySet) == null ? (entrySet = new LinkedEntrySet()) : es;
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}
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}
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``` |