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@ -4598,6 +4598,92 @@ return false;
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# 其它设计
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# 其它设计
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## IP地址存储
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当存储IPv4地址时,应该使用32位的无符号整数(UNSIGNED INT)来存储IP地址,而不是使用字符串。相对字符串存储,使用无符号整数来存储有如下的好处:
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- 节省空间,不管是数据存储空间,还是索引存储空间
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- 便于使用范围查询(BETWEEN...AND),且效率更高
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通常,在保存IPv4地址时,一个IPv4最小需要7个字符,最大需要15个字符,所以,使用`VARCHAR(15)`即可。MySQL在保存变长的字符串时,还需要额外的一个字节来保存此字符串的长度。而如果使用无符号整数来存储,只需要4个字节即可。
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使用无符号整数来存储也有缺点:
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- 不便于阅读
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- 需要手动转换
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对于转换来说,MySQL提供了相应的函数来把字符串格式的IP转换成整数`INET_ATON`,以及把整数格式的IP转换成字符串的`INET_NTOA`。如下所示:
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```sql
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mysql> select inet_aton('192.168.0.1');
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+--------------------------+
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| inet_aton('192.168.0.1') |
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+--------------------------+
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| 3232235521 |
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+--------------------------+
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1 row in set (0.00 sec)
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mysql> select inet_ntoa(3232235521);
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+-----------------------+
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| inet_ntoa(3232235521) |
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+-----------------------+
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| 192.168.0.1 |
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+-----------------------+
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1 row in set (0.00 sec)
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```
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对于IPv6来说,使用`VARBINARY`同样可获得相同的好处,同时MySQL也提供了相应的转换函数,即`INET6_ATON`和`INET6_NTOA`。
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对于转换字符串IPv4和数值类型,可以放在应用层,下面是使用java代码来对二者转换:
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```java
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public class IpLongUtils {
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/**
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* 把字符串IP转换成long
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*
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* @param ipStr 字符串IP
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* @return IP对应的long值
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*/
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public static long ip2Long(String ipStr) {
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String[] ip = ipStr.split("\\.");
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return (Long.valueOf(ip[0]) << 24) + (Long.valueOf(ip[1]) << 16)
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+ (Long.valueOf(ip[2]) << 8) + Long.valueOf(ip[3]);
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}
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/**
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* 把IP的long值转换成字符串
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*
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* @param ipLong IP的long值
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* @return long值对应的字符串
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*/
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public static String long2Ip(long ipLong) {
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StringBuilder ip = new StringBuilder();
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ip.append(ipLong >>> 24).append(".");
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ip.append((ipLong >>> 16) & 0xFF).append(".");
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ip.append((ipLong >>> 8) & 0xFF).append(".");
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ip.append(ipLong & 0xFF);
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return ip.toString();
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}
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public static void main(String[] args) {
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System.out.println(ip2Long("192.168.0.1"));
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System.out.println(long2Ip(3232235521L));
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System.out.println(ip2Long("10.0.0.1"));
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}
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}
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```
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输出结果为:
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```properties
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3232235521
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192.168.0.1
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167772161
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```
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## 短链接
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## 短链接
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公认方案:
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公认方案:
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