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Matt Butcher
9 years ago
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# Team Workflows
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This document explains the four team workflows that Helm is designed to
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solve.
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## An Overview of Four Team Workflows
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The remainder of this document is broken into two major sections: The Overview covers the
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broad characteristics of the four workflows. The Development Cycle
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section covers how the developer cycle plays out for each of the four
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workflows.
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This section provides an introduction to the four workflows outlined
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above, calling out characteristics of each workflow that define it
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against other workflows.
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### Helm Official
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The _Helm Official_ project focuses on maintaining a repository of high-quality production-ready charts. Charts may be contributed by anyone in the broad community, and they are vetted and maintained by the Helm Official core contributors.
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Stage | Devel | Review | Release | Store | Use
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------|-------|--------|---------|-------|-----
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Operations | Create/modify chart | Code review | Sign, version, package | Store releases | Get, Use
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Who? | Developer | Us | Us | Us | Anyone
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How? | Dev PR | We review | We release and sign | We upload to managed storage | Chart is public
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Characteristics of the Helm Official workflow:
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- Source code for charts is maintained in a GitHub repository
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- Chart source is linted and tested by automated tools and human beings
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- Charts are released by core contributors to the project
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- All Charts are made available under the Apache 2 license
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- When a chart is released, an official binary distribution is uploaded to the official chart repository in Google Cloud Storage. In addition, Helm Official charts have the following characteristics:
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- They released by community members
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- They are versioned independently (each chart has its own version)
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- They are signed/provenanced by one of the official Helm GPG keys
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- They are made available with no authentication or registration requirements
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### Public Unofficial
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The Helm project need not be the only repository available to users. Other organizations may wish to host their own repositories, and load whatever charts they so choose.
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We attempt to provide flexibility that allows such organizations to build repositories as they see fit, but keep the end user's experience roughly similar.
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Stage | Devel | Review | Release | Store | Use
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------|-------|--------|---------|-------|-----
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Operations | Create/modify chart | Code review | Sign, version, package | Store releases | Get, Use
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Who? | Developer | Org? | Org? | Org | Anyone
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How? | Dev Contribution | Org defines this | Org defines this | Org hosts | Chart is public
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A public unofficial chart repository is free to structure the development cycle as they see fit.
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- We have no opinions about the source control (if any) used for chart development
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- We provide `helm release` as a tool for releasing a chart
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- We strongly advise public repository maintainers to use provenance files
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- We strongly advise public repository maintainers to make public keys available to the general public.
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- Charts must be stored in one of the supported object storage repositories, including Google Cloud Storage and S3 compatible storage
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- Helm/DM provides the following tools for working with such repositories:
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- `helm release` takes local source and builds a chart.
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- `helm repo add|list|rm` allows users to add, list, and remove repositories from the recognized list.
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- `helm repo push` allows new charts to be pushed to a remote server
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### Private Chart Repositories
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We anticipate that some Helm users will desire to have private repositories over which they have control over both the development cycle and the availability of the released charts.
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Similar to our approach to unofficial chart repositories, we attempt to provide a tool general enough that it can be used for private chart repositories.
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Stage | Devel | Review | Release | Store | Use
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------|-------|--------|---------|-------|-----
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Operations | Create/modify chart | Code review | Sign, version, package | Store releases | Get, Use
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Who? | Org | Org | Org | Org | Org
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How? | Org defines this | Org defines this | Org defines this | Org hosts | Org controls access
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We assume the following about this workflow:
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- We have no opinions about the source control (if any) used for chart development
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- We provide `helm release` as a tool for releasing a chart
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- While we suggest signing charts, this is a discretionary exercise for private repositories
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- Charts may be stored in private GCS, S3, or compatible object storage. Helm is tested on Minio (an S3 compatible server for private hosting) to ensure a viable private cloud mechanism.
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- Private repositories may require authentication via token/secret, as well as access controls.
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- Helm/DM provides the following tools for working with such repositories:
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- `helm release` takes local source and builds a chart.
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- `helm repo add|list|rm` allows users to add, list, and remove repositories from the recognized list.
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- `helm repo push` allows new charts to be pushed to a remote server
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### Private Charts without Repositories
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In some cases, an organization may wish to create charts, but not store them in a chart repository. While this is not the preferred Helm workflow, we support tooling for this method.
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Stage | Devel | Review | Release | Store | Use
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------|-------|--------|---------|-------|-----
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Operations | Create/modify chart | Code review | Sign, version, package | Store releases | Get, Use
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Who? | Org | Org | Org | N/A | Org
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How? | Org defines this | Org defines this | Org defines this | N/A | Org defines this
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We operate on a different set of assumptions for this workflow.
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- We have no opinions about the source code control (if any) used.
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- We have no opinions about access control when repositories are not involved.
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- Charts must be pushed into the cluster (the cluster will not pull from a non-repository location)
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- Helm/DM provides the following tools for this workflow:
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- `helm release` builds a package
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- `helm deploy` pushes a package into a cluster
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## Development Cycles for Each Workflow
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In this section, we explain the developer cycle for each of the four workflows above.
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### 0. Pre-Submission Workflow (aka Local Development)
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Prior to submitting a chart for release, developers may use the following workflow. This workflow is assumed in all four sections below.
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1. Create a chart with `helm create MYCHART` (or manually)
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2. Edit the chart
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3. Test the chart's standards conformance with `helm lint MYCHART`
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4. Run a test deployment using `helm deploy MYCHART`
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### 1. The Helm Official Development Cycle
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The Helm Official project maintains source code in a location that is readily available to all of the community. Source code is stored on GitHub in the official (`github.com/helm/charts` or `github.com/kubernetes/charts`) repository. GitHub facilitates a development workflow that this project uses for chart maintenance.
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There are two general classes of user that are important to this workflow:
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- Core Contributors: Core contributors are developers that have been given special stewardship responsibilities over the repository. They have the following responsibilities:
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- Review submissions to the repository
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- Approve charts for release
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- Respond to issues with existing charts
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- Community Members: Any user of the Helm Official project who is not a core contributor.
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1. PULL REQUEST: A new chart (or an update to an existing chart) is contributed by a core maintainer or community member. This is done using GitHub pull requests.
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2. AUTOMATED TESTING: Automated testing tools evaluate the contribution for the following:
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- CLA approval of the submitter
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- Style/format adherence
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- Unit, functional, and/or integration tests pass
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3. DISCUSSION: Any discussion on the pull request may happen using GitHub's commentary features
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3. CODE REVIEW: Two or more core contributors must review the code and sign off on it.
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4. RELEASE APPROVAL: If a chart is approved for release, a core maintainer may mark it as such
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5. AUTOMATED RELEASE: Once a chart is approved for release, an automated tool will bundle the chart, sign it using an official signature, and upload it into the Helm Official repository
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### 2. Unofficial Public Repositories
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Unofficial repositories do not have a well-defined development workflow, but have a semi-rigid release workflow.
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- The public repository must use a supported object storage system
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- Charts must be in the same format
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#### A Hypothetical Dev Workflow
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An organization has a Bazaar (bzr) project maintained at _launchpad.net_, and has no automated tooling around the project.
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1. Developers work off of copies of the Bazaar code base
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2. Developers push branches into the code review system when ready
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2. A central maintainer approves and merges reviewed code
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3. At a fixed point in time, the project administrator releases a new version of the entire repository
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4. During this process, all charts are version, packaged/signed, and uploaded to the project's S3 repository, where they are made available to users
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The above workflow illustrates how a development team may conduct public shared development, and release to a public repository, but with a workflow that diverges substantially from the model of the Helm Official repository.
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### 3. Private Chart Repository
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In this model, the entire process is managed by an organization.
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#### A Hypothetical Dev Workflow
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The organization uses an internally hosted Git server, Gerrit for code review, and Jenkins for automation. They host an internal repository on Minio. This repository has a combination of pre-approved Helm Official packages (copied from upstream) and internal packages.
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In this workflow, charts are not stored together. Instead, each chart is stored alongside the Docker image source code. For example, the repository named `corpcalendar.git` is laid out as follows:
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```
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corpcalendar/
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Dockerfile
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src/
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... # corpcalendar source code
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chart/
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corpcalendar
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Chart.yaml
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... # Helm Chart files
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```
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Each separate project is structured in this way.
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1. Developers clone a desired repo (`git clone .../corpcalendar.git`)
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2. Developers work on the code and chart together
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3. Upon each commit, Jenkins does the following:
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- Project tests are run
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- A snapshot Docker image is built and stored in a snapshot Docker registry
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- A snapshot chart is built and stored on a snapshot Helm repository
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- Integration tests are run
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4. When the developer is ready for a release, she tags the repository (`git tag v1.2.3`) and pushes the tag
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5. Upon a tag commit, Jenkins does the following:
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- Runs tests
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- Creates a final Docker image and uploads to the internal release Docker registry
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- Creates a final chart and uploads to the internal Helm repository
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6. Internal users may then access the chart at the internal Helm repository
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This workflow represents a method common in enterprises, and also illustrates how chart development need not occur in one aggregated repository.
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### 4. Private Charts without Repositories
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This model is used in cases where an organization chooses not to host a Chart repository. While we don't advise using this method, a workflow exists.
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While we don't offer an opinionated VCS workflow, we also suggest that one is used. In our example below, we draw on VCS usage.
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#### A Hypothetical Dev Workflow
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A small development team uses Subversion (SVN) to host their internal projects. They do not use a chart repository, nor do they employ any automated testing tools outside of Helm.
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1. Developer Andy checks out a copy of the SVN repository (`svn co ...`)
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2. Developer Andy edits charts locally, and test locally
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3. When a chart is ready for sharing, the developer checks in the revised chart (`svn ci ...`)
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4. Developer Barb updates her local copy (`svn up`)
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5. Developer Barb then uses `helm deploy ./localchart` to deploy this chart into production
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