Implemented principal QR Code class, added demo program.

pull/134/head
Project Nayuki 7 years ago
parent 68fdc6024e
commit 2ea993a381

@ -0,0 +1,515 @@
/*
* Fast QR Code generator library
*
* Copyright (c) Project Nayuki. (MIT License)
* https://www.nayuki.io/
*
* Permission is hereby granted, free of charge, to any person obtaining a copy of
* this software and associated documentation files (the "Software"), to deal in
* the Software without restriction, including without limitation the rights to
* use, copy, modify, merge, publish, distribute, sublicense, and/or sell copies of
* the Software, and to permit persons to whom the Software is furnished to do so,
* subject to the following conditions:
* - The above copyright notice and this permission notice shall be included in
* all copies or substantial portions of the Software.
* - The Software is provided "as is", without warranty of any kind, express or
* implied, including but not limited to the warranties of merchantability,
* fitness for a particular purpose and noninfringement. In no event shall the
* authors or copyright holders be liable for any claim, damages or other
* liability, whether in an action of contract, tort or otherwise, arising from,
* out of or in connection with the Software or the use or other dealings in the
* Software.
*/
package io.nayuki.fastqrcodegen;
import java.awt.image.BufferedImage;
import java.util.Arrays;
import java.util.List;
import java.util.Objects;
public final class QrCode {
/*---- Public static factory functions ----*/
public static QrCode encodeText(String text, Ecc ecl) {
Objects.requireNonNull(text);
Objects.requireNonNull(ecl);
List<QrSegment> segs = QrSegment.makeSegments(text);
return encodeSegments(segs, ecl);
}
public static QrCode encodeBinary(byte[] data, Ecc ecl) {
Objects.requireNonNull(data);
Objects.requireNonNull(ecl);
QrSegment seg = QrSegment.makeBytes(data);
return encodeSegments(Arrays.asList(seg), ecl);
}
public static QrCode encodeSegments(List<QrSegment> segs, Ecc ecl) {
return encodeSegments(segs, ecl, MIN_VERSION, MAX_VERSION, -1, true);
}
public static QrCode encodeSegments(List<QrSegment> segs, Ecc ecl, int minVersion, int maxVersion, int mask, boolean boostEcl) {
Objects.requireNonNull(segs);
Objects.requireNonNull(ecl);
if (!(MIN_VERSION <= minVersion && minVersion <= maxVersion && maxVersion <= MAX_VERSION) || mask < -1 || mask > 7)
throw new IllegalArgumentException("Invalid value");
// Find the minimal version number to use
int version, dataUsedBits;
for (version = minVersion; ; version++) {
int dataCapacityBits = getNumDataCodewords(version, ecl) * 8; // Number of data bits available
dataUsedBits = QrSegment.getTotalBits(segs, version);
if (dataUsedBits != -1 && dataUsedBits <= dataCapacityBits)
break; // This version number is found to be suitable
if (version >= maxVersion) // All versions in the range could not fit the given data
throw new IllegalArgumentException("Data too long");
}
if (dataUsedBits == -1)
throw new AssertionError();
// Increase the error correction level while the data still fits in the current version number
for (Ecc newEcl : Ecc.values()) {
if (boostEcl && dataUsedBits <= getNumDataCodewords(version, newEcl) * 8)
ecl = newEcl;
}
// Create the data bit string by concatenating all segments
int dataCapacityBits = getNumDataCodewords(version, ecl) * 8;
BitBuffer bb = new BitBuffer();
for (QrSegment seg : segs) {
bb.appendBits(seg.mode.modeBits, 4);
bb.appendBits(seg.numChars, seg.mode.numCharCountBits(version));
bb.appendBits(seg.data, seg.bitLength);
}
// Add terminator and pad up to a byte if applicable
bb.appendBits(0, Math.min(4, dataCapacityBits - bb.bitLength));
bb.appendBits(0, (8 - bb.bitLength % 8) % 8);
// Pad with alternate bytes until data capacity is reached
for (int padByte = 0xEC; bb.bitLength < dataCapacityBits; padByte ^= 0xEC ^ 0x11)
bb.appendBits(padByte, 8);
if (bb.bitLength % 8 != 0)
throw new AssertionError();
// Create the QR Code symbol
return new QrCode(version, ecl, bb.getBytes(), mask);
}
/*---- Public constants ----*/
public static final int MIN_VERSION = 1;
public static final int MAX_VERSION = 40;
/*---- Instance fields ----*/
public final int version;
public final int size;
public final Ecc errorCorrectionLevel;
public final int mask;
private final int[] modules;
/*---- Constructors ----*/
public QrCode(int ver, Ecc ecl, byte[] dataCodewords, int mask) {
// Check arguments
Objects.requireNonNull(ecl);
if (ver < MIN_VERSION || ver > MAX_VERSION || mask < -1 || mask > 7)
throw new IllegalArgumentException("Value out of range");
Objects.requireNonNull(dataCodewords);
// Initialize fields
version = ver;
size = ver * 4 + 17;
errorCorrectionLevel = ecl;
QrTemplate tpl = QrTemplate.getInstance(ver);
modules = tpl.template.clone();
// Draw function patterns, draw all codewords, do masking
byte[] allCodewords = appendErrorCorrection(dataCodewords);
drawCodewords(tpl.dataOutputBitIndexes, allCodewords);
this.mask = handleConstructorMasking(tpl.masks, mask);
}
/*---- Public instance methods ----*/
/**
* Returns the color of the module (pixel) at the specified coordinates, which is either
* false for white or true for black. The top left corner has the coordinates (x=0, y=0).
* If the specified coordinates are out of bounds, then false (white) is returned.
* @param x the x coordinate, where 0 is the left edge and size&minus;1 is the right edge
* @param y the y coordinate, where 0 is the top edge and size&minus;1 is the bottom edge
* @return the module's color, which is either false (white) or true (black)
*/
public boolean getModule(int x, int y) {
return 0 <= x && x < size && 0 <= y && y < size
&& getModuleUnchecked(x, y) != 0;
}
/**
* Returns a new image object representing this QR Code, with the specified module scale and number
* of border modules. For example, the arguments scale=10, border=4 means to pad the QR Code symbol
* with 4 white border modules on all four edges, then use 10*10 pixels to represent each module.
* The resulting image only contains the hex colors 000000 and FFFFFF.
* @param scale the module scale factor, which must be positive
* @param border the number of border modules to add, which must be non-negative
* @return an image representing this QR Code, with padding and scaling
* @throws IllegalArgumentException if the scale or border is out of range
*/
public BufferedImage toImage(int scale, int border) {
if (scale <= 0 || border < 0)
throw new IllegalArgumentException("Value out of range");
BufferedImage result = new BufferedImage((size + border * 2) * scale, (size + border * 2) * scale, BufferedImage.TYPE_INT_RGB);
for (int y = 0; y < result.getHeight(); y++) {
for (int x = 0; x < result.getWidth(); x++) {
boolean val = getModule(x / scale - border, y / scale - border);
result.setRGB(x, y, val ? 0x000000 : 0xFFFFFF);
}
}
return result;
}
/**
* Based on the specified number of border modules to add as padding, this returns a
* string whose contents represents an SVG XML file that depicts this QR Code symbol.
* Note that Unix newlines (\n) are always used, regardless of the platform.
* @param border the number of border modules to add, which must be non-negative
* @return a string representing this QR Code as an SVG document
*/
public String toSvgString(int border) {
if (border < 0)
throw new IllegalArgumentException("Border must be non-negative");
StringBuilder sb = new StringBuilder();
sb.append("<?xml version=\"1.0\" encoding=\"UTF-8\"?>\n");
sb.append("<!DOCTYPE svg PUBLIC \"-//W3C//DTD SVG 1.1//EN\" \"http://www.w3.org/Graphics/SVG/1.1/DTD/svg11.dtd\">\n");
sb.append(String.format(
"<svg xmlns=\"http://www.w3.org/2000/svg\" version=\"1.1\" viewBox=\"0 0 %1$d %1$d\" stroke=\"none\">\n",
size + border * 2));
sb.append("\t<rect width=\"100%\" height=\"100%\" fill=\"#FFFFFF\"/>\n");
sb.append("\t<path d=\"");
boolean head = true;
for (int y = -border; y < size + border; y++) {
for (int x = -border; x < size + border; x++) {
if (getModule(x, y)) {
if (head)
head = false;
else
sb.append(" ");
sb.append(String.format("M%d,%dh1v1h-1z", x + border, y + border));
}
}
}
sb.append("\" fill=\"#000000\"/>\n");
sb.append("</svg>\n");
return sb.toString();
}
/*---- Private helper methods for constructor: Drawing function modules ----*/
// Draws two copies of the format bits (with its own error correction code)
// based on the given mask and this object's error correction level field.
private void drawFormatBits(int mask) {
// Calculate error correction code and pack bits
int data = errorCorrectionLevel.formatBits << 3 | mask; // errCorrLvl is uint2, mask is uint3
int rem = data;
for (int i = 0; i < 10; i++)
rem = (rem << 1) ^ ((rem >>> 9) * 0x537);
data = data << 10 | rem;
data ^= 0x5412; // uint15
if (data >>> 15 != 0)
throw new AssertionError();
// Draw first copy
for (int i = 0; i <= 5; i++)
setModule(8, i, (data >>> i) & 1);
setModule(8, 7, (data >>> 6) & 1);
setModule(8, 8, (data >>> 7) & 1);
setModule(7, 8, (data >>> 8) & 1);
for (int i = 9; i < 15; i++)
setModule(14 - i, 8, (data >>> i) & 1);
// Draw second copy
for (int i = 0; i <= 7; i++)
setModule(size - 1 - i, 8, (data >>> i) & 1);
for (int i = 8; i < 15; i++)
setModule(8, size - 15 + i, (data >>> i) & 1);
setModule(8, size - 8, 1);
}
private void setModule(int x, int y, int black) {
assert 0 <= x && x < size;
assert 0 <= y && y < size;
int i = y * size + x;
if (black == 0)
modules[i >>> 5] &= ~(1 << i);
else if (black == 1)
modules[i >>> 5] |= 1 << i;
else
throw new IllegalArgumentException();
}
private int getModuleUnchecked(int x, int y) {
int i = y * size + x;
return (modules[i >>> 5] >>> i) & 1;
}
/*---- Private helper methods for constructor: Codewords and masking ----*/
// Returns a new byte string representing the given data with the appropriate error correction
// codewords appended to it, based on this object's version and error correction level.
private byte[] appendErrorCorrection(byte[] data) {
if (data.length != getNumDataCodewords(version, errorCorrectionLevel))
throw new IllegalArgumentException();
// Calculate parameter numbers
int numBlocks = NUM_ERROR_CORRECTION_BLOCKS[errorCorrectionLevel.ordinal()][version];
int blockEccLen = ECC_CODEWORDS_PER_BLOCK[errorCorrectionLevel.ordinal()][version];
int rawCodewords = QrTemplate.getNumRawDataModules(version) / 8;
int numShortBlocks = numBlocks - rawCodewords % numBlocks;
int shortBlockLen = rawCodewords / numBlocks;
// Split data into blocks and append ECC to each block
byte[][] blocks = new byte[numBlocks][];
ReedSolomonGenerator rs = ReedSolomonGenerator.getInstance(blockEccLen);
byte[] ecc = new byte[blockEccLen];
for (int i = 0, k = 0; i < numBlocks; i++) {
byte[] dat = Arrays.copyOfRange(data, k, k + shortBlockLen - blockEccLen + (i < numShortBlocks ? 0 : 1));
byte[] block = Arrays.copyOf(dat, shortBlockLen + 1);
k += dat.length;
rs.getRemainder(dat, ecc);
System.arraycopy(ecc, 0, block, block.length - blockEccLen, ecc.length);
blocks[i] = block;
}
// Interleave (not concatenate) the bytes from every block into a single sequence
byte[] result = new byte[rawCodewords];
for (int i = 0, k = 0; i < blocks[0].length; i++) {
for (int j = 0; j < blocks.length; j++) {
// Skip the padding byte in short blocks
if (i != shortBlockLen - blockEccLen || j >= numShortBlocks) {
result[k] = blocks[j][i];
k++;
}
}
}
return result;
}
// Draws the given sequence of 8-bit codewords (data and error correction) onto the entire
// data area of this QR Code symbol. Function modules need to be marked off before this is called.
private void drawCodewords(int[] dataOutputBitIndexes, byte[] allCodewords) {
Objects.requireNonNull(dataOutputBitIndexes);
Objects.requireNonNull(allCodewords);
if (allCodewords.length * 8 != dataOutputBitIndexes.length)
throw new IllegalArgumentException();
for (int i = 0; i < dataOutputBitIndexes.length; i++) {
int j = dataOutputBitIndexes[i];
int bit = (allCodewords[i >>> 3] >>> (~i & 7)) & 1;
modules[j >>> 5] |= bit << j;
}
}
// XORs the data modules in this QR Code with the given mask pattern. Due to XOR's mathematical
// properties, calling applyMask(m) twice with the same value is equivalent to no change at all.
// This means it is possible to apply a mask, undo it, and try another mask. Note that a final
// well-formed QR Code symbol needs exactly one mask applied (not zero, not two, etc.).
private void applyMask(int[] mask) {
if (mask.length != modules.length)
throw new IllegalArgumentException();
for (int i = 0; i < mask.length; i++)
modules[i] ^= mask[i];
}
// A messy helper function for the constructors. This QR Code must be in an unmasked state when this
// method is called. The given argument is the requested mask, which is -1 for auto or 0 to 7 for fixed.
// This method applies and returns the actual mask chosen, from 0 to 7.
private int handleConstructorMasking(int[][] masks, int mask) {
if (mask == -1) { // Automatically choose best mask
int minPenalty = Integer.MAX_VALUE;
for (int i = 0; i < 8; i++) {
drawFormatBits(i);
applyMask(masks[i]);
int penalty = getPenaltyScore();
if (penalty < minPenalty) {
mask = i;
minPenalty = penalty;
}
applyMask(masks[i]); // Undoes the mask due to XOR
}
}
if (mask < 0 || mask > 7)
throw new AssertionError();
drawFormatBits(mask); // Overwrite old format bits
applyMask(masks[mask]); // Apply the final choice of mask
return mask; // The caller shall assign this value to the final-declared field
}
// Calculates and returns the penalty score based on state of this QR Code's current modules.
// This is used by the automatic mask choice algorithm to find the mask pattern that yields the lowest score.
private int getPenaltyScore() {
int result = 0;
// Adjacent modules in row having same color
for (int y = 0; y < size; y++) {
int colorX = 0;
for (int x = 0, runX = 0; x < size; x++) {
if (x == 0 || getModuleUnchecked(x, y) != colorX) {
colorX = getModuleUnchecked(x, y);
runX = 1;
} else {
runX++;
if (runX == 5)
result += PENALTY_N1;
else if (runX > 5)
result++;
}
}
}
// Adjacent modules in column having same color
for (int x = 0; x < size; x++) {
int colorY = 0;
for (int y = 0, runY = 0; y < size; y++) {
if (y == 0 || getModuleUnchecked(x, y) != colorY) {
colorY = getModuleUnchecked(x, y);
runY = 1;
} else {
runY++;
if (runY == 5)
result += PENALTY_N1;
else if (runY > 5)
result++;
}
}
}
// 2*2 blocks of modules having same color
for (int y = 0; y < size - 1; y++) {
for (int x = 0; x < size - 1; x++) {
int color = getModuleUnchecked(x, y);
if ( color == getModuleUnchecked(x + 1, y) &&
color == getModuleUnchecked(x, y + 1) &&
color == getModuleUnchecked(x + 1, y + 1))
result += PENALTY_N2;
}
}
// Finder-like pattern in rows
for (int y = 0; y < size; y++) {
for (int x = 0, bits = 0; x < size; x++) {
bits = ((bits << 1) & 0x7FF) | getModuleUnchecked(x, y);
if (x >= 10 && (bits == 0x05D || bits == 0x5D0)) // Needs 11 bits accumulated
result += PENALTY_N3;
}
}
// Finder-like pattern in columns
for (int x = 0; x < size; x++) {
for (int y = 0, bits = 0; y < size; y++) {
bits = ((bits << 1) & 0x7FF) | getModuleUnchecked(x, y);
if (y >= 10 && (bits == 0x05D || bits == 0x5D0)) // Needs 11 bits accumulated
result += PENALTY_N3;
}
}
// Balance of black and white modules
int black = 0;
for (int x : modules)
black += Integer.bitCount(x);
int total = size * size;
// Find smallest k such that (45-5k)% <= dark/total <= (55+5k)%
for (int k = 0; black*20 < (9-k)*total || black*20 > (11+k)*total; k++)
result += PENALTY_N4;
return result;
}
/*---- Private static helper functions ----*/
// Returns the number of 8-bit data (i.e. not error correction) codewords contained in any
// QR Code of the given version number and error correction level, with remainder bits discarded.
// This stateless pure function could be implemented as a (40*4)-cell lookup table.
static int getNumDataCodewords(int ver, Ecc ecl) {
if (ver < MIN_VERSION || ver > MAX_VERSION)
throw new IllegalArgumentException("Version number out of range");
return QrTemplate.getNumRawDataModules(ver) / 8
- ECC_CODEWORDS_PER_BLOCK[ecl.ordinal()][ver]
* NUM_ERROR_CORRECTION_BLOCKS[ecl.ordinal()][ver];
}
/*---- Private tables of constants ----*/
// For use in getPenaltyScore(), when evaluating which mask is best.
private static final int PENALTY_N1 = 3;
private static final int PENALTY_N2 = 3;
private static final int PENALTY_N3 = 40;
private static final int PENALTY_N4 = 10;
private static final byte[][] ECC_CODEWORDS_PER_BLOCK = {
// Version: (note that index 0 is for padding, and is set to an illegal value)
//0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12, 13, 14, 15, 16, 17, 18, 19, 20, 21, 22, 23, 24, 25, 26, 27, 28, 29, 30, 31, 32, 33, 34, 35, 36, 37, 38, 39, 40 Error correction level
{-1, 7, 10, 15, 20, 26, 18, 20, 24, 30, 18, 20, 24, 26, 30, 22, 24, 28, 30, 28, 28, 28, 28, 30, 30, 26, 28, 30, 30, 30, 30, 30, 30, 30, 30, 30, 30, 30, 30, 30, 30}, // Low
{-1, 10, 16, 26, 18, 24, 16, 18, 22, 22, 26, 30, 22, 22, 24, 24, 28, 28, 26, 26, 26, 26, 28, 28, 28, 28, 28, 28, 28, 28, 28, 28, 28, 28, 28, 28, 28, 28, 28, 28, 28}, // Medium
{-1, 13, 22, 18, 26, 18, 24, 18, 22, 20, 24, 28, 26, 24, 20, 30, 24, 28, 28, 26, 30, 28, 30, 30, 30, 30, 28, 30, 30, 30, 30, 30, 30, 30, 30, 30, 30, 30, 30, 30, 30}, // Quartile
{-1, 17, 28, 22, 16, 22, 28, 26, 26, 24, 28, 24, 28, 22, 24, 24, 30, 28, 28, 26, 28, 30, 24, 30, 30, 30, 30, 30, 30, 30, 30, 30, 30, 30, 30, 30, 30, 30, 30, 30, 30}, // High
};
private static final byte[][] NUM_ERROR_CORRECTION_BLOCKS = {
// Version: (note that index 0 is for padding, and is set to an illegal value)
//0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9,10, 11, 12, 13, 14, 15, 16, 17, 18, 19, 20, 21, 22, 23, 24, 25, 26, 27, 28, 29, 30, 31, 32, 33, 34, 35, 36, 37, 38, 39, 40 Error correction level
{-1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 2, 2, 2, 2, 4, 4, 4, 4, 4, 6, 6, 6, 6, 7, 8, 8, 9, 9, 10, 12, 12, 12, 13, 14, 15, 16, 17, 18, 19, 19, 20, 21, 22, 24, 25}, // Low
{-1, 1, 1, 1, 2, 2, 4, 4, 4, 5, 5, 5, 8, 9, 9, 10, 10, 11, 13, 14, 16, 17, 17, 18, 20, 21, 23, 25, 26, 28, 29, 31, 33, 35, 37, 38, 40, 43, 45, 47, 49}, // Medium
{-1, 1, 1, 2, 2, 4, 4, 6, 6, 8, 8, 8, 10, 12, 16, 12, 17, 16, 18, 21, 20, 23, 23, 25, 27, 29, 34, 34, 35, 38, 40, 43, 45, 48, 51, 53, 56, 59, 62, 65, 68}, // Quartile
{-1, 1, 1, 2, 4, 4, 4, 5, 6, 8, 8, 11, 11, 16, 16, 18, 16, 19, 21, 25, 25, 25, 34, 30, 32, 35, 37, 40, 42, 45, 48, 51, 54, 57, 60, 63, 66, 70, 74, 77, 81}, // High
};
/*---- Public helper enumeration ----*/
public enum Ecc {
// These enum constants must be declared in ascending order of error protection,
// for the sake of the implicit ordinal() method and values() function.
LOW(1), MEDIUM(0), QUARTILE(3), HIGH(2);
// In the range 0 to 3 (unsigned 2-bit integer).
final int formatBits;
// Constructor.
private Ecc(int fb) {
formatBits = fb;
}
}
}

@ -0,0 +1,190 @@
/*
* Fast QR Code generator demo
*
* Run this command-line program with no arguments. The program creates/overwrites a bunch of
* PNG and SVG files in the current working directory to demonstrate the creation of QR Codes.
*
* Copyright (c) Project Nayuki. (MIT License)
* https://www.nayuki.io/
*
* Permission is hereby granted, free of charge, to any person obtaining a copy of
* this software and associated documentation files (the "Software"), to deal in
* the Software without restriction, including without limitation the rights to
* use, copy, modify, merge, publish, distribute, sublicense, and/or sell copies of
* the Software, and to permit persons to whom the Software is furnished to do so,
* subject to the following conditions:
* - The above copyright notice and this permission notice shall be included in
* all copies or substantial portions of the Software.
* - The Software is provided "as is", without warranty of any kind, express or
* implied, including but not limited to the warranties of merchantability,
* fitness for a particular purpose and noninfringement. In no event shall the
* authors or copyright holders be liable for any claim, damages or other
* liability, whether in an action of contract, tort or otherwise, arising from,
* out of or in connection with the Software or the use or other dealings in the
* Software.
*/
package io.nayuki.fastqrcodegen;
import java.awt.image.BufferedImage;
import java.io.File;
import java.io.FileOutputStream;
import java.io.IOException;
import java.io.OutputStreamWriter;
import java.io.Writer;
import java.nio.charset.StandardCharsets;
import java.util.Arrays;
import java.util.List;
import javax.imageio.ImageIO;
public final class QrCodeGeneratorDemo {
// The main application program.
public static void main(String[] args) throws IOException {
doBasicDemo();
doVarietyDemo();
doSegmentDemo();
doMaskDemo();
}
/*---- Demo suite ----*/
// Creates a single QR Code, then writes it to a PNG file and an SVG file.
private static void doBasicDemo() throws IOException {
String text = "Hello, world!"; // User-supplied Unicode text
QrCode.Ecc errCorLvl = QrCode.Ecc.LOW; // Error correction level
QrCode qr = QrCode.encodeText(text, errCorLvl); // Make the QR Code symbol
BufferedImage img = qr.toImage(10, 4); // Convert to bitmap image
File imgFile = new File("hello-world-QR.png"); // File path for output
ImageIO.write(img, "png", imgFile); // Write image to file
String svg = qr.toSvgString(4); // Convert to SVG XML code
try (Writer out = new OutputStreamWriter(
new FileOutputStream("hello-world-QR.svg"),
StandardCharsets.UTF_8)) {
out.write(svg); // Create/overwrite file and write SVG data
}
}
// Creates a variety of QR Codes that exercise different features of the library, and writes each one to file.
private static void doVarietyDemo() throws IOException {
QrCode qr;
// Numeric mode encoding (3.33 bits per digit)
qr = QrCode.encodeText("314159265358979323846264338327950288419716939937510", QrCode.Ecc.MEDIUM);
writePng(qr.toImage(13, 1), "pi-digits-QR.png");
// Alphanumeric mode encoding (5.5 bits per character)
qr = QrCode.encodeText("DOLLAR-AMOUNT:$39.87 PERCENTAGE:100.00% OPERATIONS:+-*/", QrCode.Ecc.HIGH);
writePng(qr.toImage(10, 2), "alphanumeric-QR.png");
// Unicode text as UTF-8
qr = QrCode.encodeText("こんにちwa、世界 αβγδ", QrCode.Ecc.QUARTILE);
writePng(qr.toImage(10, 3), "unicode-QR.png");
// Moderately large QR Code using longer text (from Lewis Carroll's Alice in Wonderland)
qr = QrCode.encodeText(
"Alice was beginning to get very tired of sitting by her sister on the bank, "
+ "and of having nothing to do: once or twice she had peeped into the book her sister was reading, "
+ "but it had no pictures or conversations in it, 'and what is the use of a book,' thought Alice "
+ "'without pictures or conversations?' So she was considering in her own mind (as well as she could, "
+ "for the hot day made her feel very sleepy and stupid), whether the pleasure of making a "
+ "daisy-chain would be worth the trouble of getting up and picking the daisies, when suddenly "
+ "a White Rabbit with pink eyes ran close by her.", QrCode.Ecc.HIGH);
writePng(qr.toImage(6, 10), "alice-wonderland-QR.png");
}
// Creates QR Codes with manually specified segments for better compactness.
private static void doSegmentDemo() throws IOException {
QrCode qr;
List<QrSegment> segs;
// Illustration "silver"
String silver0 = "THE SQUARE ROOT OF 2 IS 1.";
String silver1 = "41421356237309504880168872420969807856967187537694807317667973799";
qr = QrCode.encodeText(silver0 + silver1, QrCode.Ecc.LOW);
writePng(qr.toImage(10, 3), "sqrt2-monolithic-QR.png");
segs = Arrays.asList(
QrSegment.makeAlphanumeric(silver0),
QrSegment.makeNumeric(silver1));
qr = QrCode.encodeSegments(segs, QrCode.Ecc.LOW);
writePng(qr.toImage(10, 3), "sqrt2-segmented-QR.png");
// Illustration "golden"
String golden0 = "Golden ratio φ = 1.";
String golden1 = "6180339887498948482045868343656381177203091798057628621354486227052604628189024497072072041893911374";
String golden2 = "......";
qr = QrCode.encodeText(golden0 + golden1 + golden2, QrCode.Ecc.LOW);
writePng(qr.toImage(8, 5), "phi-monolithic-QR.png");
segs = Arrays.asList(
QrSegment.makeBytes(golden0.getBytes(StandardCharsets.UTF_8)),
QrSegment.makeNumeric(golden1),
QrSegment.makeAlphanumeric(golden2));
qr = QrCode.encodeSegments(segs, QrCode.Ecc.LOW);
writePng(qr.toImage(8, 5), "phi-segmented-QR.png");
// Illustration "Madoka": kanji, kana, Greek, Cyrillic, full-width Latin characters
String madoka = "「魔法少女まどか☆マギカ」って、 ИАИ desu κα?";
qr = QrCode.encodeText(madoka, QrCode.Ecc.LOW);
writePng(qr.toImage(9, 4), "madoka-utf8-QR.png");
int[] kanjiChars = { // Kanji mode encoding (13 bits per character)
0x0035, 0x1002, 0x0FC0, 0x0AED, 0x0AD7,
0x015C, 0x0147, 0x0129, 0x0059, 0x01BD,
0x018D, 0x018A, 0x0036, 0x0141, 0x0144,
0x0001, 0x0000, 0x0249, 0x0240, 0x0249,
0x0000, 0x0104, 0x0105, 0x0113, 0x0115,
0x0000, 0x0208, 0x01FF, 0x0008,
};
BitBuffer bb = new BitBuffer();
for (int c : kanjiChars)
bb.appendBits(c, 13);
segs = Arrays.asList(new QrSegment(QrSegment.Mode.KANJI, kanjiChars.length, bb.data, bb.bitLength));
qr = QrCode.encodeSegments(segs, QrCode.Ecc.LOW);
writePng(qr.toImage(9, 4), "madoka-kanji-QR.png");
}
// Creates QR Codes with the same size and contents but different mask patterns.
private static void doMaskDemo() throws IOException {
QrCode qr;
List<QrSegment> segs;
// Project Nayuki URL
segs = QrSegment.makeSegments("https://www.nayuki.io/");
qr = QrCode.encodeSegments(segs, QrCode.Ecc.HIGH, QrCode.MIN_VERSION, QrCode.MAX_VERSION, -1, true); // Automatic mask
writePng(qr.toImage(8, 6), "project-nayuki-automask-QR.png");
qr = QrCode.encodeSegments(segs, QrCode.Ecc.HIGH, QrCode.MIN_VERSION, QrCode.MAX_VERSION, 3, true); // Force mask 3
writePng(qr.toImage(8, 6), "project-nayuki-mask3-QR.png");
// Chinese text as UTF-8
segs = QrSegment.makeSegments("維基百科Wikipedia聆聽i/ˌwɪkᵻˈpiːdi.ə/)是一個自由內容、公開編輯且多語言的網路百科全書協作計畫");
qr = QrCode.encodeSegments(segs, QrCode.Ecc.MEDIUM, QrCode.MIN_VERSION, QrCode.MAX_VERSION, 0, true); // Force mask 0
writePng(qr.toImage(10, 3), "unicode-mask0-QR.png");
qr = QrCode.encodeSegments(segs, QrCode.Ecc.MEDIUM, QrCode.MIN_VERSION, QrCode.MAX_VERSION, 1, true); // Force mask 1
writePng(qr.toImage(10, 3), "unicode-mask1-QR.png");
qr = QrCode.encodeSegments(segs, QrCode.Ecc.MEDIUM, QrCode.MIN_VERSION, QrCode.MAX_VERSION, 5, true); // Force mask 5
writePng(qr.toImage(10, 3), "unicode-mask5-QR.png");
qr = QrCode.encodeSegments(segs, QrCode.Ecc.MEDIUM, QrCode.MIN_VERSION, QrCode.MAX_VERSION, 7, true); // Force mask 7
writePng(qr.toImage(10, 3), "unicode-mask7-QR.png");
}
/*---- Utilities ----*/
// Helper function to reduce code duplication.
private static void writePng(BufferedImage img, String filepath) throws IOException {
ImageIO.write(img, "png", new File(filepath));
}
}
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