|
|
|
@ -0,0 +1,259 @@
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
# Praat and TextGrid
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
* [**Praat: doing phonetics by computer**](https://www.fon.hum.uva.nl/praat/)
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
* [TextGrid](https://github.com/kylebgorman/textgrid)
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
## Praat
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
**Praat语音学软件**，原名**Praat: doing phonetics by computer**，通常简称**Praat**，是一款[跨平台](https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/跨平台)的多功能[语音学](https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/语音学)专业[软件](https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/软件)，主要用于对[数字化](https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/数字化)的[语音](https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/语音)[信号](https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/信号)进行[分析](https://zh.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=语音分析&action=edit&redlink=1)、标注、[处理](https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/数字信号处理)及[合成](https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/语音合成)等实验，同时生成各种[语图](https://zh.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=语图&action=edit&redlink=1)和文字报表。
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
<img src="../images/Praat-output-showing-forced-alignment-for-Mae-hen-wlad-fy-nhadau-the-first-line-of-the.png" width=650>
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
## TextGrid
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
### TextGrid文件结构
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
```text
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
第一行是固定的:File type = "ooTextFile"
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
第二行也是固定的:Object class = "TextGrid"
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
空一行
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
xmin = xxxx.xxxx # 表示开始时间
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
xmax = xxxx.xxxx # 表示结束时间
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
tiers? <exists> # 这一行固定
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
size = 4 # 表示这个文件有几个item, item也叫tiers, 可以翻译为'层', 这个值是几,就表示有几个item
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
item []:
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
item [1]:
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
class = "IntervalTier"
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
name = "phone"
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
xmin = 1358.8925
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
xmax = 1422.5525
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
intervals: size = 104
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
intervals [1]:
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
xmin = 1358.8925
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
xmax = 1361.8925
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
text = "sil"
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
intervals [2]:
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
xmin = 1361.8925
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
xmax = 1362.0125
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
text = "R"
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
intervals [3]:
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
...
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
intervals [104]:
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
xmin = 1422.2325
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
xmax = 1422.5525
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
text = "sil"
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
item [2]:
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
class = "IntervalTier"
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
name = "word"
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
xmin = 1358.8925
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
xmax = 1422.5525
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
intervals: size = 3
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
intervals [1]:
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
xmin = 1358.8925
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
xmax = 1361.8925
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
text = "sp"
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
```
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
textgrid 文件中的 size 的值是几就表示有几个 item， 每个 item 下面包含 class, name, xmin, xmax, intervals 的键值对，item 中的 intervals: size 是几就表示这个 item 中有几个 intervals，每个 intervals 有 xmin, xmax, text 三个键值参数。所有 item 中的 xmax - xmin 的值是一样的。
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
### 安装
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
```python
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
pip3 install textgrid
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
```
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
### 使用
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
1. 读一个textgrid文件
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
```python
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
import textgrid
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
tg = textgrid.TextGrid()
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
tg.read('file.TextGrid') # 'file.TextGrid' 是文件名
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
```
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
tg.tiers属性:
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
会把文件中的所有item打印出来, print(tg.tiers) 的结果如下:
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
```text
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
[IntervalTier(
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
phone, [
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Interval(1358.89250, 1361.89250, sil),
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Interval(1361.89250, 1362.01250, R),
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Interval(1362.01250, 1362.13250, AY1),
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Interval(1362.13250, 1362.16250, T),
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
...
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
]
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
)
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
]
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
```
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
此外, tg.tiers[0] 表示第一个 IntervalTier, 支持继续用中括号取序列, '.'来取属性.
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
比如:
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
```text
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
tg.tiers[0][0].mark --> 'sil'
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
tg.tiers[0].name --> 'phone'
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
tg.tiers[0][0].minTime --> 1358.8925
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
tg.tiers[0].intervals --> [Interval(1358.89250, 1361.89250, sil), ..., Interval(1422.23250, 1422.55250, sil)]
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
tg.tiers[0].maxTime --> 1422.55250
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
```
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
TextGrid 模块中包含四种对象
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
```
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
PointTier 可以理解为标记（点）的集合
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
IntervalTier 可以理解为时长（区间）的集合
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Point 可以理解为标记
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Interval 可以理解为时长
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
```
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
2. textgrid库中的对象
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
**IntervalTier** 对象:
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
方法
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
```
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
add(minTime, maxTime, mark): 添加一个标记,需要同时传入起止时间, 和mark的名字.
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
addInterval(interval): 添加一个Interval对象, 该Interval对象中已经封装了起止时间.
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
remove(minTime, maxTime, mark): 删除一个Interval
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
removeInterval(interval): 删除一个Interval
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
indexContaining(time): 传入时间或Point对象, 返回包含该时间的Interval对象的下标
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
例如:
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
print(tg[0].indexContaining(1362)) --> 1
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
表示tg[0] 中包含1362时间点的是 下标为1的 Interval 对象
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
intervalContaining(): 传入时间或Point对象, 返回包含该时间的Interval对象
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
例如
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
print(tg[0].intervalContaining(1362)) --> Interval(1361.89250, 1362.01250, R)
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
read(f): f是文件对象, 读一个TextGrid文件
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
write(f): f是文件对象, 写一个TextGrid文件
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
fromFile(f_path): f_path是文件路径, 从一个文件读
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
bounds(): 返回一个元组, (minTime, maxTime)
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
```
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
属性
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
```
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
intervals --> 返回所有的 interval 的列表
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
maxTime --> 返回 number(decimal.Decimal)类型, 表示结束时间
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
minTime --> 返回 number(decimal.Decimal)类型, 表示开始时间
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
name --> 返回字符串
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
strict -- > 返回bool值, 表示是否严格TextGrid格式
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
```
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
**PointTier** 对象:
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
方法
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
```
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
add(minTime, maxTime, mark): 添加一个标记,需要同时传入起止时间, 和mark的名字.
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
addPoint(point): 添加一个Point对象, 该Point对象中已经封装了起止时间.
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
remove(time, mark): 删除一个 point, 传入时间和mark
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
removePoint(point): 删除一个 point, 传入point对象
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
read(f): 读, f是文件对象
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
write(f): 写, f是文件对象
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
fromFile(f_path): f_path是文件路径, 从一个文件读
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
bounds(): 返回一个元组, (minTime, maxTime)
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
```
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
属性
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
```
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
points 返回所有的 point 的列表
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
maxTime 和IntervalTier一样, 返回结束时间
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
minTime 和IntervalTier一样, 返回开始时间
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
name 返回name
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
```
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
**Point** 对象:
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
支持比较大小, 支持加减运算
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
属性:
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
```
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
mark:
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
time:
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
```
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
**Interval** 对象:
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
支持比较大小, 支持加减运算
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
支持 in, not in 的运算
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
方法:
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
```
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
duration(): 返回number 类型, 表示这个Interval的持续时间
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
bounds(): --> 返回元组, (minTime, maxTime)
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
overlaps(Interval): --> 返回bool值, 判断本Interval的时间和传入的的Interval的时间是否重叠, 是返回True
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
```
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
属性:
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
```
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
mark
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
maxTime
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
minTime
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
strick: --> 返回bool值, 判断格式是否严格的TextGrid格式
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
```
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
**TextGrid** 对象:
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
支持列表的取值,复制, 迭代, 求长度, append, extend, pop方法
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
方法:
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
```
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
getFirst(tierName) 返回第一个名字为tierName的tier
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
getList(tierName) 返回名字为tierName的tier的列表
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
getNames() 返回所有tier的名字的列表
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
append(tier) 添加一个tier作为其中的元素
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
extend(tiers) 添加多个tier作为其中的元素
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
pop(tier) 删除一个tier
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
read(f) f是文件对象
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
write(f) f是文件对象
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
fromFile(f_path) f_path是文件路径
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
```
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
属性：
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
```
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
maxTime
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
minTime
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
name
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
strict
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
tiers 返回所有tiers的列表
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
```
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
**MLF** 对象
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
MLF('xxx.mlf')
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
'xxx.mlf'为mlf格式的文件,
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
读取hvite-o sm生成的htk.mlf文件并将其转换为 TextGrid的列表
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
方法:
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
```
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
read(f) f是文件对象
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
write(prefix='') prefix是写出路径的前缀,可选
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
```
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
属性:
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
```
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
grids: --> 返回读取的grids的列表
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
```
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
## Reference
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
* https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Praat%E8%AF%AD%E9%9F%B3%E5%AD%A6%E8%BD%AF%E4%BB%B6
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
* https://blog.csdn.net/duxin_csdn/article/details/88966295
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Hui Zhang
4 years ago
committed by
GitHub
