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Read GPS data - Virtual IoT Hardware

In this part of the lesson, you will add a GPS sensor to your virtual IoT device, and read values from it.

Virtual Hardware

The virtual IoT device will use a simulated GPS sensor that is accessible over UART via a serial port.

A physical GPS sensor will have an antenna to pick up radio waves from GPS satellites, and convert the GPS signals into GPS data. The virtual version simulates this by allowing you to either set a latitude and longitude, send raw NMEA sentences, or to upload a GPX file with multiple locations that can be returned sequentially.

🎓 NMEA sentences will be covered later in this lesson

Add the sensor to CounterFit

To use a virtual GPS sensor, you need to add one to the CounterFit app

Task - add the sensor to CounterFit

Add the GPS sensor to the CounterFit app.

Create a new Python app on your computer in a folder called gps-sensor with a single file called app.py and a Python virtual environment, and add the CounterFit pip packages.

⚠️ You can refer to the instructions for creating and setting up a CounterFit Python project in lesson 1 if needed.
Install an additional Pip package to install a CounterFit shim that can talk to UART based sensors over a serial connection. Make sure you are installing this from a terminal with the virtual environment activated.
```
pip install counterfit-shims-serial
```
Make sure the CounterFit web app is running
Create a GPS sensor:
1. In the Create sensor box in the Sensors pane, drop down the Sensor type box and select UART GPS.
2. Leave the Port set to /dev/ttyAMA0
3. Select the Add button to create the GPS sensor on port /dev/ttyAMA0
The GPS sensor will be created and appear in the sensors list.

Program the GPS sensor

The Virtual IoT device can now be programmed to use the virtual GPS sensor.

Task - program the GPS sensor

Program the GPS sensor app.

Make sure the gps-sensor app is open in VS Code
Open the app.py file

Add the following code to the top of app.py to connect the app to CounterFit:

from counterfit_connection import CounterFitConnection
CounterFitConnection.init('127.0.0.1', 5000)

Add the following code below this to import some needed libraries, including the library for the CounterFit serial port:
```
import time
import counterfit_shims_serial

serial = counterfit_shims_serial.Serial('/dev/ttyAMA0')
```
This code imports the serial module from the counterfit_shims_serial Pip package. It then connects to the /dev/ttyAMA0 serial port - this is the address of the serial port that the virtual GPS sensor uses for its UART port.
Add the following code below this to read from the serial port and print the values to the console:
```
def printGPSData(line):
    print(line.rstrip())

while True:
    line = serial.readline().decode('utf-8')

    while len(line) > 0:
        printGPSData(line)
        line = serial.readline().decode('utf-8')

    time.sleep(1)
```
A function called printGPSData is defined that prints out the line passed to it to the console.

Next the code loops forever, reading as many lines of text as it can from the serial port in each loop. It calls the printGPSData function for each line.

After all the data has been read, the loop sleeps for 1 second, then tries again.
Run this code, ensuring you are using a different terminal to the one that the CounterFit app is running it, so that the CounterFit app remains running.
From the CounterFit app, change the value of the gps sensor. You can do this in one of thess ways:
- Set the Source to Lat/Lon, and set an explicit latitude, longitude and number of satellites used to get the GPS fix. This value will be sent only once, so check the Repeat box to have the data repeat every second.
- Set the Source to NMEA and add some NMEA sentences into the text box. All these values will be sent, with a delay of 1 second before each new GGA (position fix) sentence can be read.
  
  You can use a tool like nmeagen.org to generate these sentences by drawing on a map. These values will be sent only once, so check the Repeat box to have the data repeat one second after it has all been sent.
- Set the Source to GPX file, and upload a GPX file with track locations. You can download GPX files from a number of popular mapping and hiking sites, such as AllTrails. These files contain multiple GPS locations as a trail, and the GPS sensor will return each new location at 1 second intervals.
  
  These values will be sent only once, so check the Repeat box to have the data repeat one second after it has all been sent.
Once you have configured the GPS settings, select the Set button to commit these values to the sensor.

You will see the raw output from the GPS sensor, something like the following:

$GNGGA,020604.001,4738.538654,N,12208.341758,W,1,3,,164.7,M,-17.1,M,,*67
$GNGGA,020604.001,4738.538654,N,12208.341758,W,1,3,,164.7,M,-17.1,M,,*67

💁 You can find this code in the code-gps/virtual-device folder.

😀 Your GPS sensor program was a success!

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