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# FairEmail
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If you have a question, please check the frequently asked questions below first.
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At the bottom you can find how to ask other questions, request features and report bugs.
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## Authorizing accounts
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For support on authorizing an account you should consult the documentation of your provider.
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Searching for *IMAP* and the name of the provider is mostly sufficient to find the right documentation.
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To setup an account you need the IMAP and SMTP server addresses and port numbers,
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whether STARTTLS should be used and your username and password.
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In some cases you'll need to enable external access to your account and/or to use a special (app) password,
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for instance when two factor authentication is enabled.
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For:
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* Gmail / G suite: see [question 6](#user-content-faq6)
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* Outlook: see [question 14](#user-content-faq14)
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* Microsoft Exchange: see [question 8](#user-content-faq8)
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## Planned features
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* IMAP namespaces
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* Microsoft OAuth ([blocking issue](https://github.com/AzureAD/microsoft-authentication-library-for-android/issues/354))
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Anything on this list is in random order and *might* be added in the near future.
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## Known problems
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* File not selected (canceled) when using a file manager instead of the [Storage Access Framework](https://developer.android.com/guide/topics/providers/document-provider). This cannot be fixed by FairEmail, but you can workaround this problem by selecting *Always*.
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* Search not restored on rotation change. This cannot be fixed without side effects.
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## Frequently requested features
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* Swipe left/right to go to previous/next message: swiping also selects message text, so this would not work reliably.
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* Rich text editor: besides that very few people would use this on a small mobile device, Android doesn't support a rich text editor and most rich text editor open source projects are abandoned.
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* Widget to read e-mail: widgets can have limited user interaction only, so a widget to read e-mail would not be very useful.
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* Executing filter rules: filter rules should be executed on the server because a battery powered device with possibly an unstable internet connection is not suitable for this.
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* Resize images: this is not a feature directly related to email and there are plenty of apps that can do this for you.
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* Calendar events: opening the attached calendar file should open the related calendar app.
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* Snooze timer: snoozed emails are not supported by [IMAP](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Internet_Message_Access_Protocol).
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* Badge count: there is no standard Android API for this and third party solutions might stop working anytime.
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* Shortcut frequently contacted: Android [doesn't support this anymore](https://developer.android.com/guide/topics/providers/contacts-provider#ObsoleteData).
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* Pull down to refresh: new messages are received in real-time, so manual refreshing is not needed, see also [this FAQ](#user-content-faq2).
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* Switch language: although it is possible to change the language of an app, Android is not designed for this. Better fix the translation in your language if needed, see [this FAQ](#user-content-faq26) about how to.
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* Select identities to show in unified inbox: this would add complexity for something which would hardly be used.
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* Better design: please let me know what you have in mind [in this forum](https://forum.xda-developers.com/android/apps-games/source-email-t3824168).
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* Hide archived messages: hiding archived messages which exists in other folders too would have a performance impact.
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* Save all attachments: there is no [Storage Access Framework](https://developer.android.com/guide/topics/providers/document-provider) API to selected multiple files to save.
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* S/MIME encryption: only PGP encryption will be supported, see [this FAQ](#user-content-faq12) for more information.
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Since FairEmail is meant to be privacy friendly, the following will not be added:
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* Open links without confirmation
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* Hide addresses by default: addresses play an important role in determining if a message is authentic
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* Direct file/folder access: for security/privacy reasons apps should use the [Storage Access Framework](https://developer.android.com/guide/topics/providers/document-provider)
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Confirmation or hiding the addresses section is just one tap, which is just a small price for better privacy.
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Note that your contacts could unknowingly send malicious messages if they got infected with malware.
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## Frequently Asked Questions
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<a name="faq1"></a>
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**(1) Which permissions are needed and why?**
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* have full network access (INTERNET): to send and receive email
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* view network connections (ACCESS_NETWORK_STATE): to monitor internet connectivity changes
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* run at startup (RECEIVE_BOOT_COMPLETED): to start monitoring on device start
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* in-app billing (BILLING): to allow in-app purchases
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* foreground service (FOREGROUND_SERVICE): to run a foreground service on Android 9 Pie and later, see also the next question
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* prevent device from sleeping (WAKE_LOCK): to keep the device awake while synchronizing messages
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* Optional: read your contacts (READ_CONTACTS): to autocomplete addresses and to show photos
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* Optional: find accounts on the device (GET_ACCOUNTS): to use [OAuth](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/OAuth) instead of passwords
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<a name="faq2"></a>
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**(2) Why is there a permanent notification shown?**
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A permanent status bar notification with the number of accounts being synchronized, the number of messages to send and the number of operations pending (see next question) is shown
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to prevent Android from killing the service that takes care of receiving and sending email.
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Most, if not all, other email apps don't show a notification with the "side effect" that new email is often not or late being reported.
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Background: this is necessary because of the introduction of [doze mode](https://developer.android.com/training/monitoring-device-state/doze-standby) in Android 6 Marshmallow.
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If you came here by clicking on the notification, you should known that the next click will open the unified inbox.
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<a name="faq3"></a>
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**(3) What are operations and why are they pending?**
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The low priority status bar notification shows the number of pending operations, which can be:
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* add: add message to remote folder
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* move: move message to another remote folder
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* delete: delete message from remote folder
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* send: send message
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* seen: mark message as seen/unseen in remote folder
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* answered: mark message as answered in remote folder
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* flag: add/remove star in remote folder
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* keyword: add/remove IMAP flag in remote folder
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* headers: download message headers
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* body: download message text
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* attachment: download attachment
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* sync: synchronize local folder
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Operations are processed only when there is a connection to the email server or when manually synchronizing.
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See also [this FAQ](#user-content-faq16).
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<a name="faq4"></a>
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**(4) How can I use an invalid security certificate / IMAP STARTTLS / an empty password?**
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Invalid security certificate: you should try to fix this by contacting your provider or by getting a valid security certificate
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because invalid security certificates are insecure and allow [man-in-the-middle attacks](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Man-in-the-middle_attack).
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If money is an obstacle, you can get free security certificates from [Let’s Encrypt](https://letsencrypt.org).
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IMAP STARTTLS: the EFF [writes](https://www.eff.org/nl/deeplinks/2018/06/announcing-starttls-everywhere-securing-hop-hop-email-delivery):
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"*Additionally, even if you configure STARTTLS perfectly and use a valid certificate, there’s still no guarantee your communication will be encrypted.*"
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Empty password: your username is likely easily guessed, so this is very insecure.
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If you still want to use an invalid security certificate, IMAP STARTTLS or an empty password,
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you'll need to enable insecure connections in the advanced settings and also in the account and/or identity settings.
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Additionally, IMAP STARTTLS needs to be enabled in the account settings too.
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<a name="faq5"></a>
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**(5) How can I customize the message view?**
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In the advanced settings you can enable or disable:
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* *compact message view*: for more condensed message items and a smaller message text font
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* *show contact photos*: to hide contact photos
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* *show identicons*: to show generated contact avatars
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* *show message preview*: to show two lines of the message text
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If the list of addresses is long, you can collapse the addresses section with the *less* icon at the top of the addresses section.
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Unfortunately, it is impossible to make everybody happy and adding lots of settings would not only be confusing, but also never be sufficient.
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<a name="faq6"></a>
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**(6) How can I login to Gmail / G suite?**
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Preferably select Gmail as provider and select an account on your device.
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To login to Gmail / G suite you'll often need an app password, for example when two factor authentication is enabled.
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See here for instructions: [https://support.google.com/accounts/answer/185833](https://support.google.com/accounts/answer/185833).
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If this doesn't work, see here for more solutions: [https://support.google.com/mail/accounts/answer/78754](https://support.google.com/mail/accounts/answer/78754)
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<a name="faq7"></a>
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**(7) Why are messages in the outbox not moved to the sent folder?**
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Messages in the outbox are moved to the sent folder as soon as your provider adds the message to the sent folder.
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Note that this requires a sent folder to be selected and to be set to synchronizing.
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If this doesn't happen, your provider might not keep track of sent messages or you might be using an SMTP server not related to the provider.
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In these cases you can use the advanced identity setting *Store a copy of sent messages in* and select the sent folder.
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There is a menu to move sent messages in the outbox to the sent folder.
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<a name="faq8"></a>
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**(8) Can I use a Microsoft Exchange account?**
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You can use a Microsoft Exchange account if it is accessible via IMAP.
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ActiveSync is not supported at this moment.
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See here for more information: [https://support.office.com/en-us/article/what-is-a-microsoft-exchange-account-47f000aa-c2bf-48ac-9bc2-83e5c6036793](https://support.office.com/en-us/article/what-is-a-microsoft-exchange-account-47f000aa-c2bf-48ac-9bc2-83e5c6036793)
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<a name="faq9"></a>
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**(9) What are identities?**
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Identities represent email addresses you are sending *from*.
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Some providers allow you to have multiple email aliases.
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You can configure these by setting the email address field to the alias address and setting the user name field to your main email address.
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<a name="faq10"></a>
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**~~(10) What does 'UIDPLUS not supported' mean?~~**
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~~The error message *UIDPLUS not supported* means that your email provider does not provide the IMAP [UIDPLUS extension](https://tools.ietf.org/html/rfc4315).~~
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~~This IMAP extension is required to implement two way synchronization, which is not an optional feature.~~
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~~So, unless your provider can enable this extension, you cannot use FairEmail for this provider.~~
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<a name="faq11"></a>
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**(11) Why is POP not supported?**
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Besides that any decent email provider supports [IMAP](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Internet_Message_Access_Protocol) these days,
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using [POP](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Post_Office_Protocol) will result in unnecessary battery usage and delayed new message notifications.
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Moreover, POP is unsuitable for two way synchronization and more often than not people read email on different devices.
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<a name="faq12"></a>
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**(12) How does encryption/decryption work?**
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First of all you need to install and configure [OpenKeychain](https://f-droid.org/en/packages/org.sufficientlysecure.keychain/).
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To encrypt a message before sending, just select the menu *Encrypt*. Similarly, to decrypt a received message, just select the menu *Decrypt*.
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Encryption is [Autocrypt](https://autocrypt.org/) compatible. For security reasons received messages are not decrypted automatically.
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Encryption/decryption is a pro feature.
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Sending inline PGP encrypted messages is not supported, see [here](https://josefsson.org/inline-openpgp-considered-harmful.html) about why not.
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S/MIME is not supported because it is not used much and because key management is complex.
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There are also [security concerns](https://security.stackexchange.com/a/83752).
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Note that signed only or encrypted only messages are not supported, see here for some considerations:
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* [OpenPGP Considerations Part I](https://k9mail.github.io/2016/11/24/OpenPGP-Considerations-Part-I.html)
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* [OpenPGP Considerations Part II](https://k9mail.github.io/2017/01/30/OpenPGP-Considerations-Part-II.html)
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* [OpenPGP Considerations Part III Autocrypt](https://k9mail.github.io/2018/02/26/OpenPGP-Considerations-Part-III-Autocrypt.html)
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If you like, you can verify a signature by opening the *signature.asc* attachment.
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<a name="faq13"></a>
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**(13) How does search on server work?**
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You can start searching for messages on sender, recipient, subject, keyword or message text by using the magnify glass in the action bar of a folder (not in the unified inbox because it could be a collection of folders).
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First local messages will be searched and after that the server will execute the search.
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Searching local messages is case insensitive and on partial text.
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The message text of local messages will not be searched if the message text was not downloaded yet.
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Searching by the server might be case sensitive or case insensitive and might be on partial text or whole words, depending on the provider.
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Searching messages is a pro feature.
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<a name="faq14"></a>
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**(14) How can I setup Outlook with 2FA?**
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To use Outlook with two factor authentication enabled, you need to create an app password.
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See [here](https://support.microsoft.com/en-us/help/12409/microsoft-account-app-passwords-two-step-verification) for the details.
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<a name="faq15"></a>
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**(15) Why does the message text keep loading?**
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The message header and message body are fetched separately from the server.
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The message text of larger messages is not being pre-fetched on metered connections and need to be fetched on opening the message.
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The message text will keep loading if there is no connection to the account, see also the next question.
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In the advanced settings you can set the maximum size for automatically downloading of messages on metered connections.
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Mobile connections are almost always metered and some (paid) Wi-Fi hotspots are too.
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<a name="faq16"></a>
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**(16) Why are messages not being synchronized?**
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Possible causes of messages not being synchronized (sent or received) are:
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* The account or folder(s) are not set to synchronize
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* The number of days to synchronize is set to low
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* There is no usable internet connection
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* The email server is temporarily not available
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* Android stopped the synchronization service
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So, check your account and folder settings and check if the accounts/folders are connected (see the legend menu for the meaning of the icons).
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On some devices, where there are lots of applications competing for memory, Android may stop the synchronization service as a last resort.
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Some Android versions,
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in particular of Huawei (see [here](https://www.forbes.com/sites/bensin/2016/07/04/push-notifications-not-coming-through-to-your-huawei-phone-heres-how-to-fix-it/) for a fix)
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or Xiaomi (see [here](https://www.forbes.com/sites/bensin/2016/11/17/how-to-fix-push-notifications-on-xiaomis-miui-8-for-real/) for a fix)
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stop apps and services too aggressively.
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<a name="faq17"></a>
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**(17) Why does manual synchronize not work?**
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If the *Synchronize now* menu is dimmed, there is no connection to the account.
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See the previous question for more information.
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<a name="faq18"></a>
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**(18) Why is the message preview not always shown?**
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The preview of the message text cannot be shown if the message body has not been downloaded yet.
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See also [this FAQ](#user-content-faq15).
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<a name="faq19"></a>
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**(19) Why are the pro features so expensive?**
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The right question is "*why are there so many taxes and fees?*":
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* VAT: 25% (depending on your country)
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* Google fee: 30%
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* Income tax: 50%
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So, what is left for the developer is just a fraction of what you pay.
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Note that only some convenience and advanced features need to be purchased, which means that FairEmail is basically free to use.
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Also note that most free apps will appear not to be sustainable in the end, whereas FairEmail is properly maintained and supported,
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and that free apps may have a catch, like sending privacy sensitive information to the internet.
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<a name="faq20"></a>
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**(20) Can I get a refund?**
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If a purchased pro feature doesn't work as intended
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and this isn't caused by a problem in the free features
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and I cannot fix the problem in a timely manner, you can get a refund.
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In all other cases there is no refund possible.
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In no circumstances there is a refund possible for any problem related to the free features,
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since there wasn't paid anything for them and because they can be evaluated without any limitation.
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I take my responsibility as seller to deliver what has been promised
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and I expect that you take responsibility for informing yourself of what you are buying.
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<a name="faq21"></a>
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**(21) How do I enable the notification light?**
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Before Android 8 Oreo: there is an advanced option in the setup for this.
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Android 8 Oreo and later: see [here](https://developer.android.com/training/notify-user/channels) about how to configure notification channels.
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You can use the button *Manage notifications* in the setup to directly go to the Android notification settings.
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<a name="faq22"></a>
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**(22) Why do I get 'Couldn't connect to host' ?**
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The message *Couldn't connect to host ...* means that FairEmail was not able to connect to the email server.
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Possible causes are:
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* A firewall is blocking connections to the server
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* The email server is refusing to accept the connection
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* The host name or port number is invalid
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* The are problems with the internet connection
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If you are using a VPN, the VPN provider might block the connection because it is too aggressively trying to prevent spam.
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<a name="faq23"></a>
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**(23) Why do I get 'Too many simultaneous connections' ?**
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The message *Too many simultaneous connections* is sent by the email server when there are too many connections to the same email account at the same time.
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Possible causes are:
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* There are multiple email clients connected to the same account
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* The same email client is connected multiple times to the same account
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* The previous connection was terminated abruptly for example by losing internet connectivity
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<a name="faq24"></a>
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**(24) What is browse messages on the server?**
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Browse messages on the server will fetch messages from the email server in real time
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when you reach the end of the list of synchronized messages, even when the folder is set to not synchronize.
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You can disable this feature under *Setup* > *Advanced options* > *Browse messages on the server*.
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<a name="faq25"></a>
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**(25) Why can't I select/open/save an image, attachment or a file?**
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If a menu item to select/open/save a file is disabled (dimmed) or not available,
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the [storage access framework](https://developer.android.com/guide/topics/providers/document-provider),
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a standard Android component, is probably not present,
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for example because your custom ROM does not include it or because it was removed.
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FairEmail does not request storage permissions, so this framework is required to select files and folders.
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No app, except maybe file managers, targeting Android 4.4 KitKat or later should ask for storage permissions because it would allow access to *all* files.
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<a name="faq26"></a>
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**(26) Can I help to translate FairEmail in my own language?**
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Yes, you can translate the texts of FairEmail in your own language [here](https://crowdin.com/project/open-source-email).
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Registration is free.
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<a name="faq27"></a>
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**(27) How can I differentiate external and embedded images?**
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External image:
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![External image](https://raw.githubusercontent.com/google/material-design-icons/master/image/1x_web/ic_image_black_48dp.png)
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Embedded image:
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![Embedded image](https://raw.githubusercontent.com/google/material-design-icons/master/image/1x_web/ic_photo_library_black_48dp.png)
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Broken image:
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![Broken image](https://raw.githubusercontent.com/google/material-design-icons/master/image/1x_web/ic_broken_image_black_48dp.png)
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Note that downloading external images from a remote server can be used to record you did see a message, which you likely don't want if the message is spam or malicious.
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<a name="faq28"></a>
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**(28) How can I manage status bar notifications?**
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In the setup you'll find a button *Manage notifications* to directly navigate to the Android notifications settings for FairEmail.
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On Android 8.0 Oreo and later you can manage the properties of the individual notification channels,
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for example to set a specific notification sound or to show notifications on the lock screen.
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FairEmail has the following notification channels:
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* Service: used for the foreground service notification, see also [this FAQ](#user-content-faq2)
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* Notifications: used for new message notifications
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* Error: used for error notifications
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See [here](https://developer.android.com/guide/topics/ui/notifiers/notifications#ManageChannels) for details on notification channels.
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In short: tap on the notification channel name to access the channel settings.
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See [this FAQ](#user-content-faq21) if your device has a notification light.
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<a name="faq29"></a>
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**(29) How can I get new message notifications for other folders?**
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There are only notifications for new messages in the folders of the unified inbox.
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However, you can make any folder part of the unified inbox.
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Just long press the folder, select *Edit properties*, enable *Show in unified inbox* and tap *Save*.
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<a name="faq30"></a>
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**(30) How can I use the provided quick settings?**
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There are quick settings (settings tiles) available to:
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* globally enable/disable synchronization
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* show the number of new messages and marking them as seen (not read)
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Quick settings require Android 7.0 Nougat or later.
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The usage of settings tiles is explained [here](https://support.google.com/android/answer/9083864).
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<a name="faq31"></a>
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**(31) How can I use the provided shortcuts?**
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There are shortcuts available to:
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* compose a message
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* setup accounts, identities, etc
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Shortcuts require Android 7.1 Nougat or later.
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The usage of shortcuts is explained [here](https://support.google.com/android/answer/2781850).
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<a name="faq32"></a>
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**(32) How can I check if reading email is really safe?**
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You can use the [Email Privacy Tester](https://www.emailprivacytester.com/) for this.
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<a name="faq33"></a>
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**(33) Why are edited sender addresses not working?**
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Most providers accept validated addresses only when sending messages to prevent spam.
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For example Google modifies the message headers like this:
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```
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From: Somebody <somebody@example.org>
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X-Google-Original-From: Somebody <somebody+extra@example.org>
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```
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This means that the edited sender address was automatically replaced by a validated address before sending the message.
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Note that this is independent of receiving messages.
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<a name="faq34"></a>
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**(34) How are identities matched?**
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Identities are matched on e-mail address in this order:
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1. *To* header address
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1. *To* header address without extra (see [this FAQ](#user-content-faq33))
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1. *From* header address
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1. *From* header address without extra
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1. *Delivered-To* header address
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Matched identities can be used to color code messages. The identity color takes precedence over the account color.
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Setting colors is a pro feature.
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<a name="faq35"></a>
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**(35) Why should I be careful with viewing images, attachments and the original message?**
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Viewing remotely stored images (see also [this FAQ](#user-content-faq27)) might not only tell the sender that you have seen the message,
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but will also leak your IP address.
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Opening attachments or viewing an original message might execute scripts,
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that might not only cause privacy sensitive information to leak, but can also be a security risk.
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<a name="faq36"></a>
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**(36) How are settings files encrypted?**
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Short version: AES 256 bit
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Long version:
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* The 256 bit key is generated with *PBKDF2WithHmacSHA1* using a 128 bit secure random salt and 65536 iterations
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* The cipher is *AES/CBC/PKCS5Padding*
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<a name="faq37"></a>
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**(37) How are passwords stored?**
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Providers require passwords in plain text, so the background service that takes care of synchronizing messages needs to send passwords in plain text.
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Since encrypting passwords would require a secret and the background service needs to know this secret, this could only be done by storing that secret.
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Storing a secret together with encrypted passwords would not add anything, so passwords are stored in plain text in a safe, inaccessible place.
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Recent Android versions encrypt all data anyway.
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<a name="faq38"></a>
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|
**(38) Can you help me restore my Play store purchase?**
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|
Google manages all purchases, so as developer I have no control over purchases.
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|
So, the only thing I can do, is give some advice:
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* Make sure you have an active, working internet connection
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|
* Make sure the Google Play store / Play services are not blocked in any way, for example by a firewall
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|
* Make sure you are logged in with the right Google account and that there is nothing wrong with your Google account
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|
* Open the Play store application and wait at least a minute to give it time to synchronize with the Google servers
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|
* Open FairEmail to check the purchase again
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Note that:
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* Purchases are stored in the Google cloud and cannot get lost
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|
* There is no time limit on purchases, so they cannot expire
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* Google does not expose details (name, e-mail, etc) about buyers to developers
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|
* An application like FairEmail cannot select which Google account to use
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|
If you cannot solve the problem with the purchase, you will have to contact Google about it.
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|
<a name="faq39"></a>
|
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|
**(39) How can I reduce the battery usage of FairEmail?**
|
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|
|
First of all, upgrade to [the latest version](https://github.com/M66B/open-source-email/releases/).
|
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|
|
Most of the battery usage, not considering viewing messages, is due to synchronization (receiving and sending) of messages.
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|
So, to reduce the battery usage, set the number of days to synchronize message for to a lower value,
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|
|
especially if there are a lot of recent messages in a folder.
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|
|
Long press a folder name in the folders list to access this setting.
|
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|
Note that you can set the number of days to *keep* messages for to a higher number than to *synchronize* messages for.
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|
|
You could for example initially synchronize messages for a large number of days and after this has been completed
|
|
|
reduce the number of days to synchronize messages for, but leave the number of days to keep messages for.
|
|
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|
|
If you got the message *This provider does not support push messages* while configuring an account,
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|
|
consider switching to a modern provider which supports push messages (IMAP IDLE) to reduce battery usage.
|
|
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|
|
If your device has an [AMOLED](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/AMOLED) screen,
|
|
|
you can save battery usage while viewing messages by switching to the black theme (this is a pro features).
|
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|
|
<a name="faq40"></a>
|
|
|
**(40) How can I reduce the network usage of FairEmail?**
|
|
|
|
|
|
You can reduce the network usage basically in the same way as reducing battery usage, see the previous question for suggestions.
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|
|
Additionally, you can set FairEmail to download small messages and attachments on a metered (mobile, paid) connection only.
|
|
|
This is an account specific setting accessible via *Setup* > *Manage accounts*.
|
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|
<a name="faq41"></a>
|
|
|
**(41) How can I fix the error 'Handshake failed' ?**
|
|
|
|
|
|
The error '*Handshake failed ... WRONG_VERSION_NUMBER*' might mean that you are trying to connect to an IMAP or SMTP server
|
|
|
without an encrypted connection, typically using port 143 (IMAP) and port 25 (SMTP).
|
|
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|
|
Most providers provide encrypted connections using different ports, typically port 993 (IMAP) and port 465/587 (SMTP).
|
|
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|
|
If your provider doesn't support encrypted connections, you should ask to make this possible.
|
|
|
If this isn't an option, you could enable *Allow insecure connections* both in the advanced settings AND the account/identity settings.
|
|
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|
|
See also [this FAQ](#user-content-faq4).
|
|
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|
## Support
|
|
|
|
|
|
If you have another question, want to request a feature or report a bug, you can use [this forum](https://forum.xda-developers.com/android/apps-games/source-email-t3824168).
|
|
|
Registration is free.
|