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618 lines
14 KiB
618 lines
14 KiB
# Vodnik za odpravljanje težav
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Ta vodnik ponuja rešitve za pogoste težave, s katerimi se lahko srečate med delom s kurikulumom "Data Science for Beginners".
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## Kazalo
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- [Težave s Pythonom in Jupyterjem](../..)
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- [Težave s paketi in odvisnostmi](../..)
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- [Težave z Jupyter Notebookom](../..)
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- [Težave z aplikacijo za kvize](../..)
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- [Težave z Gitom in GitHubom](../..)
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- [Težave z dokumentacijo Docsify](../..)
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- [Težave s podatki in datotekami](../..)
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- [Težave z zmogljivostjo](../..)
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- [Dodatna pomoč](../..)
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## Težave s Pythonom in Jupyterjem
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### Python ni najden ali napačna različica
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**Težava:** `python: command not found` ali napačna različica Pythona
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**Rešitev:**
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```bash
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# Check Python version
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python --version
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python3 --version
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# If Python 3 is installed as 'python3', create an alias
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# On macOS/Linux, add to ~/.bashrc or ~/.zshrc:
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alias python=python3
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alias pip=pip3
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# Or use python3 explicitly
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python3 -m pip install jupyter
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```
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**Rešitev za Windows:**
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1. Ponovno namestite Python s [python.org](https://www.python.org/)
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2. Med namestitvijo označite "Add Python to PATH"
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3. Znova zaženite terminal/ukazno vrstico
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### Težave z aktivacijo virtualnega okolja
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**Težava:** Virtualno okolje se ne aktivira
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**Rešitev:**
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**Windows:**
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```bash
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# If you get execution policy error
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Set-ExecutionPolicy -ExecutionPolicy RemoteSigned -Scope CurrentUser
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# Then activate
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venv\Scripts\activate
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```
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**macOS/Linux:**
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```bash
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# Ensure the activate script is executable
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chmod +x venv/bin/activate
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# Then activate
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source venv/bin/activate
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```
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**Preverite aktivacijo:**
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```bash
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# Your prompt should show (venv)
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# Check Python location
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which python # Should point to venv
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```
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### Težave z jedrom Jupyterja
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**Težava:** "Jedro ni najdeno" ali "Jedro se nenehno ustavlja"
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**Rešitev:**
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```bash
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# Reinstall kernel
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python -m ipykernel install --user --name=datascience --display-name="Python (Data Science)"
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# Or use the default kernel
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python -m ipykernel install --user
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# Restart Jupyter
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jupyter notebook
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```
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**Težava:** Napačna različica Pythona v Jupyterju
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**Rešitev:**
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```bash
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# Install Jupyter in your virtual environment
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source venv/bin/activate # Activate first
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pip install jupyter ipykernel
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# Register the kernel
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python -m ipykernel install --user --name=venv --display-name="Python (venv)"
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# In Jupyter, select Kernel -> Change kernel -> Python (venv)
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```
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## Težave s paketi in odvisnostmi
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### Napake pri uvozu
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**Težava:** `ModuleNotFoundError: No module named 'pandas'` (ali drugi paketi)
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**Rešitev:**
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```bash
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# Ensure virtual environment is activated
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source venv/bin/activate # macOS/Linux
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venv\Scripts\activate # Windows
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# Install missing package
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pip install pandas
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# Install all common packages
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pip install jupyter pandas numpy matplotlib seaborn scikit-learn
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# Verify installation
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python -c "import pandas; print(pandas.__version__)"
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```
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### Napake pri namestitvi s pip
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**Težava:** `pip install` ne uspe zaradi težav z dovoljenji
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**Rešitev:**
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```bash
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# Use --user flag
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pip install --user package-name
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# Or use virtual environment (recommended)
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python -m venv venv
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source venv/bin/activate
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pip install package-name
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```
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**Težava:** `pip install` ne uspe zaradi težav s SSL certifikatom
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**Rešitev:**
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```bash
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# Update pip first
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python -m pip install --upgrade pip
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# Try installing with trusted host (temporary workaround)
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pip install --trusted-host pypi.org --trusted-host files.pythonhosted.org package-name
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```
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### Konflikti med različicami paketov
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**Težava:** Nepovezljive različice paketov
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**Rešitev:**
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```bash
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# Create fresh virtual environment
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python -m venv venv-new
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source venv-new/bin/activate # or venv-new\Scripts\activate on Windows
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# Install packages with specific versions if needed
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pip install pandas==1.3.0
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pip install numpy==1.21.0
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# Or let pip resolve dependencies
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pip install jupyter pandas numpy matplotlib seaborn scikit-learn
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```
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## Težave z Jupyter Notebookom
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### Jupyter se ne zažene
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**Težava:** Ukaz `jupyter notebook` ni najden
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**Rešitev:**
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```bash
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# Install Jupyter
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pip install jupyter
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# Or use python -m
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python -m jupyter notebook
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# Add to PATH if needed (macOS/Linux)
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export PATH="$HOME/.local/bin:$PATH"
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```
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### Zvezek se ne naloži ali shrani
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**Težava:** "Zvezek ni uspel naložiti" ali napake pri shranjevanju
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**Rešitev:**
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1. Preverite dovoljenja za datoteke
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```bash
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# Make sure you have write permissions
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ls -l notebook.ipynb
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chmod 644 notebook.ipynb # If needed
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```
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2. Preverite, ali je datoteka poškodovana
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```bash
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# Try opening in text editor to check JSON structure
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# Copy content to new notebook if corrupted
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```
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3. Počistite predpomnilnik Jupyterja
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```bash
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jupyter notebook --clear-cache
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```
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### Celica se ne izvrši
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**Težava:** Celica ostane na "In [*]" ali traja predolgo
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**Rešitev:**
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1. **Prekinite jedro:** Kliknite gumb "Interrupt" ali pritisnite `I, I`
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2. **Znova zaženite jedro:** Meni Kernel → Restart
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3. **Preverite, ali je v kodi neskončna zanka**
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4. **Počistite izhod:** Cell → All Output → Clear
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### Grafi se ne prikazujejo
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**Težava:** Grafi `matplotlib` se ne prikažejo v zvezku
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**Rešitev:**
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```python
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# Add magic command at the top of notebook
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%matplotlib inline
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import matplotlib.pyplot as plt
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# Create plot
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plt.plot([1, 2, 3, 4])
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plt.show() # Make sure to call show()
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```
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**Alternativa za interaktivne grafe:**
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```python
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%matplotlib notebook
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# Or
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%matplotlib widget
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```
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## Težave z aplikacijo za kvize
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### Napake pri `npm install`
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**Težava:** Napake med `npm install`
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**Rešitev:**
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```bash
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# Clear npm cache
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npm cache clean --force
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# Remove node_modules and package-lock.json
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rm -rf node_modules package-lock.json
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# Reinstall
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npm install
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# If still failing, try with legacy peer deps
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npm install --legacy-peer-deps
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```
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### Aplikacija za kvize se ne zažene
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**Težava:** `npm run serve` ne uspe
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**Rešitev:**
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```bash
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# Check Node.js version
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node --version # Should be 12.x or higher
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# Reinstall dependencies
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cd quiz-app
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rm -rf node_modules package-lock.json
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npm install
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# Try different port
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npm run serve -- --port 8081
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```
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### Vrata so že v uporabi
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**Težava:** "Port 8080 is already in use"
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**Rešitev:**
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```bash
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# Find and kill process on port 8080
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# macOS/Linux:
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lsof -ti:8080 | xargs kill -9
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# Windows:
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netstat -ano | findstr :8080
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taskkill /PID <PID> /F
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# Or use a different port
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npm run serve -- --port 8081
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```
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### Kviz se ne naloži ali prikaže prazno stran
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**Težava:** Aplikacija za kvize se naloži, vendar prikaže prazno stran
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**Rešitev:**
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1. Preverite napake v konzoli brskalnika (F12)
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2. Počistite predpomnilnik in piškotke brskalnika
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3. Poskusite z drugim brskalnikom
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4. Prepričajte se, da je JavaScript omogočen
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5. Preverite, ali adblockerji motijo delovanje
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```bash
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# Rebuild the app
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npm run build
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npm run serve
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```
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## Težave z Gitom in GitHubom
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### Git ni prepoznan
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**Težava:** `git: command not found`
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**Rešitev:**
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**Windows:**
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- Namestite Git s [git-scm.com](https://git-scm.com/)
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- Po namestitvi znova zaženite terminal
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**macOS:**
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> **Opomba:** Če Homebrew ni nameščen, sledite navodilom na [https://brew.sh/](https://brew.sh/) za namestitev.
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```bash
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# Install via Homebrew
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brew install git
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# Or install Xcode Command Line Tools
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xcode-select --install
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```
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**Linux:**
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```bash
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sudo apt-get install git # Debian/Ubuntu
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sudo dnf install git # Fedora
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```
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### Napake pri kloniranju
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**Težava:** `git clone` ne uspe zaradi težav z avtentikacijo
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**Rešitev:**
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```bash
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# Use HTTPS URL
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git clone https://github.com/microsoft/Data-Science-For-Beginners.git
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# If you have 2FA enabled on GitHub, use Personal Access Token
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# Create token at: https://github.com/settings/tokens
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# Use token as password when prompted
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```
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### Dovoljenje zavrnjeno (publickey)
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**Težava:** Avtentikacija z SSH ključem ne uspe
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**Rešitev:**
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```bash
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# Generate SSH key
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ssh-keygen -t ed25519 -C "your_email@example.com"
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# Add key to ssh-agent
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eval "$(ssh-agent -s)"
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ssh-add ~/.ssh/id_ed25519
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# Add public key to GitHub
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# Copy key: cat ~/.ssh/id_ed25519.pub
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# Add at: https://github.com/settings/keys
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```
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## Težave z dokumentacijo Docsify
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### Ukaz Docsify ni najden
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**Težava:** `docsify: command not found`
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**Rešitev:**
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```bash
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# Install globally
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npm install -g docsify-cli
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# If permission error on macOS/Linux
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sudo npm install -g docsify-cli
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# Verify installation
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docsify --version
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# If still not found, add npm global path
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# Find npm global path
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npm config get prefix
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# Add to PATH (add to ~/.bashrc or ~/.zshrc)
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export PATH="$PATH:/usr/local/bin"
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```
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### Dokumentacija se ne naloži
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**Težava:** Docsify se zažene, vendar vsebina ni naložena
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**Rešitev:**
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```bash
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# Ensure you're in the repository root
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cd Data-Science-For-Beginners
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# Check for index.html
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ls index.html
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# Serve with specific port
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docsify serve --port 3000
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# Check browser console for errors (F12)
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```
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### Slike se ne prikazujejo
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**Težava:** Slike prikazujejo ikono zlomljene povezave
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**Rešitev:**
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1. Preverite, ali so poti do slik relativne
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2. Prepričajte se, da slike obstajajo v repozitoriju
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3. Počistite predpomnilnik brskalnika
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4. Preverite, ali se končnice datotek ujemajo (občutljivo na velike/male črke na nekaterih sistemih)
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## Težave s podatki in datotekami
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### Napake "Datoteka ni najdena"
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**Težava:** `FileNotFoundError` pri nalaganju podatkov
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**Rešitev:**
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```python
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import os
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# Check current working directory
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print(os.getcwd())
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# Use absolute path
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data_path = os.path.join(os.getcwd(), 'data', 'filename.csv')
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df = pd.read_csv(data_path)
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# Or use relative path from notebook location
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df = pd.read_csv('../data/filename.csv')
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# Verify file exists
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print(os.path.exists('data/filename.csv'))
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```
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### Napake pri branju CSV datotek
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**Težava:** Napake pri branju CSV datotek
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**Rešitev:**
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```python
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import pandas as pd
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# Try different encodings
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df = pd.read_csv('file.csv', encoding='utf-8')
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# or
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df = pd.read_csv('file.csv', encoding='latin-1')
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# or
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df = pd.read_csv('file.csv', encoding='ISO-8859-1')
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# Handle missing values
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df = pd.read_csv('file.csv', na_values=['NA', 'N/A', ''])
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# Specify delimiter if not comma
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df = pd.read_csv('file.csv', delimiter=';')
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```
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### Napake pomnilnika pri velikih podatkovnih nizih
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**Težava:** `MemoryError` pri nalaganju velikih datotek
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**Rešitev:**
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```python
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# Read in chunks
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chunk_size = 10000
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chunks = []
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for chunk in pd.read_csv('large_file.csv', chunksize=chunk_size):
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# Process chunk
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chunks.append(chunk)
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df = pd.concat(chunks)
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# Or read specific columns only
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df = pd.read_csv('file.csv', usecols=['col1', 'col2'])
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# Use more efficient data types
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df = pd.read_csv('file.csv', dtype={'column_name': 'int32'})
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```
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## Težave z zmogljivostjo
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### Počasno delovanje zvezkov
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**Težava:** Zvezki delujejo zelo počasi
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**Rešitev:**
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1. **Znova zaženite jedro in počistite izhod**
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- Kernel → Restart & Clear Output
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2. **Zaprite neuporabljene zvezke**
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3. **Optimizirajte kodo:**
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```python
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# Use vectorized operations instead of loops
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# Bad:
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result = []
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for x in data:
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result.append(x * 2)
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# Good:
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result = data * 2 # NumPy/Pandas vectorization
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```
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4. **Vzorec velikih podatkovnih nizov:**
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```python
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# Work with sample during development
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df_sample = df.sample(n=1000) # or df.head(1000)
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```
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### Zrušitve brskalnika
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**Težava:** Brskalnik se zruši ali postane neodziven
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**Rešitev:**
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1. Zaprite neuporabljene zavihke
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2. Počistite predpomnilnik brskalnika
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3. Povečajte pomnilnik brskalnika (Chrome: `chrome://settings/system`)
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4. Uporabite JupyterLab namesto:
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```bash
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pip install jupyterlab
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jupyter lab
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```
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## Dodatna pomoč
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### Preden zaprosite za pomoč
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1. Preverite ta vodnik za odpravljanje težav
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2. Poiščite [GitHub Issues](https://github.com/microsoft/Data-Science-For-Beginners/issues)
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3. Preglejte [INSTALLATION.md](INSTALLATION.md) in [USAGE.md](USAGE.md)
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4. Poskusite poiskati sporočilo o napaki na spletu
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### Kako zaprositi za pomoč
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Ko ustvarjate težavo ali zaprosite za pomoč, vključite:
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1. **Operacijski sistem**: Windows, macOS ali Linux (katero distribucijo)
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2. **Različica Pythona**: Zaženite `python --version`
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3. **Sporočilo o napaki**: Kopirajte celotno sporočilo o napaki
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4. **Koraki za reprodukcijo**: Kaj ste naredili pred pojavom napake
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5. **Kaj ste že poskusili**: Rešitve, ki ste jih že preizkusili
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**Primer:**
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```
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**Operating System:** macOS 12.0
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**Python Version:** 3.9.7
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**Error Message:** ModuleNotFoundError: No module named 'pandas'
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**Steps to Reproduce:**
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1. Activated virtual environment
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|
2. Started Jupyter notebook
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|
3. Tried to import pandas
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|
|
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**What I've Tried:**
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- Ran pip install pandas
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- Restarted Jupyter
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|
```
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### Viri skupnosti
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|
|
|
- **GitHub Issues**: [Ustvarite težavo](https://github.com/microsoft/Data-Science-For-Beginners/issues/new)
|
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- **Discord**: [Pridružite se naši skupnosti](https://aka.ms/ds4beginners/discord)
|
|
- **Razprave**: [GitHub Discussions](https://github.com/microsoft/Data-Science-For-Beginners/discussions)
|
|
- **Microsoft Learn**: [Forumi za vprašanja in odgovore](https://docs.microsoft.com/answers/)
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### Povezana dokumentacija
|
|
|
|
- [INSTALLATION.md](INSTALLATION.md) - Navodila za nastavitev
|
|
- [USAGE.md](USAGE.md) - Kako uporabljati kurikulum
|
|
- [CONTRIBUTING.md](CONTRIBUTING.md) - Kako prispevati
|
|
- [README.md](README.md) - Pregled projekta
|
|
|
|
---
|
|
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**Omejitev odgovornosti**:
|
|
Ta dokument je bil preveden z uporabo storitve za prevajanje z umetno inteligenco [Co-op Translator](https://github.com/Azure/co-op-translator). Čeprav si prizadevamo za natančnost, vas prosimo, da upoštevate, da lahko avtomatizirani prevodi vsebujejo napake ali netočnosti. Izvirni dokument v njegovem maternem jeziku je treba obravnavati kot avtoritativni vir. Za ključne informacije priporočamo profesionalni človeški prevod. Ne prevzemamo odgovornosti za morebitna nesporazumevanja ali napačne razlage, ki bi nastale zaradi uporabe tega prevoda. |