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"cells": [
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"cell_type": "markdown",
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"metadata": {},
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"source": [
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"## 假设检验：\n",
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"<ul>\n",
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" <li>什么是假设：对总体参数(均值,比例等)的具体数值所作的陈述。比如,我认为新的配方的药效要比原来的更好。\n",
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" <li>什么是假设检验:先难总体的参数提出某种假设,然后利用样本的信息判断假设是否成立的过程。比如,上面的假设我是要接受还是拒绝呢\n",
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"</ul>"
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]
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},
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{
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"cell_type": "markdown",
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"metadata": {},
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"source": [
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"## 假设校验的应用：\n",
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"<ul>\n",
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" <li>推广新的教育方案后,教学效果是否有所\n",
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" <li>提高醉驾判定为刑事犯罪后是否会使得交通事故减少\n",
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" <li>男生和女生在选文理科时是否存在性别因素影响"
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]
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},
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{
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"cell_type": "markdown",
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"metadata": {},
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"source": [
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"## 假设校验的基本思想\n",
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"<img src=\"assets/20201114091803.png\" width=\"70%\">"
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]
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},
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{
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"cell_type": "markdown",
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"metadata": {},
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"source": [
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"如上图，我们假设总体均值是50，结果计算得到的是20，所以假设μ=50不正确"
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]
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},
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{
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"cell_type": "markdown",
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"metadata": {},
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"source": [
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"## 显著性水平\n",
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"<ul>\n",
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"<li>一个概率值，原假设为真时，拒绝原假设的概率，\n",
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"表示为 alpha常用取值为0.01,0.05,0.10。\n",
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"<li>一个公司要来招聘了，实际有200个人准备混一混，\n",
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"但是公司希望只有5%的人是浑水摸鱼进来的，\n",
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"所以可能会有200*0.05=4个人混进来，\n",
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"所谓显著性水a，就是你允许最多有多大比例混水摸鱼的通过你的测试。\n",
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"<li>如上，真实为1，alpha值为0.05的时候，即1-0.05=0.95，也就是得有0.95的可能性才能判定为真，也就是alpha值越小，要求越严格"
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]
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},
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{
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"cell_type": "markdown",
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"metadata": {},
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"source": [
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"## 假设检验的步骤\n",
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"<ul>\n",
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" <li>提出假设\n",
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" <li>确定适当的检验统计量。如方差验证、卡方验证等\n",
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" <li>规定显著性水平\n",
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" <li>计算检验统计量的值\n",
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" <li>做出统计决策"
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]
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},
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{
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"cell_type": "markdown",
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"metadata": {},
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"source": [
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"## 原假设与备择建设\n",
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"<ul>\n",
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" <li>待检验的假设又叫原假设，也可以叫零假设，表示为HO。(零假设其实就是表示原假设一般都是说没有差异,没有改变。。。)\n",
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" <li>与原假设对比的假设叫做备择假设，表示为H1\n",
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" <li>一般在比较的时候，主要有等于，大于，小于"
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]
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},
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{
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"cell_type": "markdown",
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"metadata": {},
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"source": [
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"## 检验统计量计算检验的统计量\n",
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"<ul>\n",
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" <li>计算检验的统计量\n",
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" <li>根据给定的显著性水平，查表得出相应的临界值"
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]
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},
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{
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"cell_type": "code",
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"execution_count": null,
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"metadata": {},
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"outputs": [],
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"source": []
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}
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],
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"metadata": {
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"kernelspec": {
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"display_name": "Python 3",
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"language": "python",
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"name": "python3"
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},
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"language_info": {
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"codemirror_mode": {
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"name": "ipython",
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"version": 3
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},
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"file_extension": ".py",
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"mimetype": "text/x-python",
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"name": "python",
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"nbconvert_exporter": "python",
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"pygments_lexer": "ipython3",
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"version": "3.7.3"
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}
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},
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"nbformat": 4,
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"nbformat_minor": 2
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}
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benjas
5 years ago
