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# **atop**
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## 说明
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[非内部程序，需要安装]它以一定的频率记录系统的运行状态，所采集的数据包含系统资源(CPU、内存、磁盘和网络)使用情况和进程运行情况，并能以日志文件的方式保存在磁盘中，服务器出现问题后，我们可获取相应的atop日志文件进行分析。atop是一款开源软件，我们可以从这里获得其源码和rpm安装包
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## 选项
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```markdown
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Usage: atop [-flags] [interval [samples]]
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or
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Usage: atop -w file [-S] [-a] [interval [samples]]
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atop -r [file] [-b hh:mm] [-e hh:mm] [-flags]
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generic flags:
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-V show version information
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-a show or log all processes (i.s.o. active processes only)
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-R calculate proportional set size (PSS) per process
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-P generate parseable output for specified label(s)
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-L alternate line length (default 80) in case of non-screen output
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-f show fixed number of lines with system statistics
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-F suppress sorting of system resources
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-G suppress exited processes in output
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-l show limited number of lines for certain resources
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-y show individual threads
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-1 show average-per-second i.s.o. total values
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-x no colors in case of high occupation
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-g show general process-info (default)
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-m show memory-related process-info
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-d show disk-related process-info
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-n show network-related process-info
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-s show scheduling-related process-info
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-v show various process-info (ppid, user/group, date/time)
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-c show command line per process
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-o show own defined process-info
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-u show cumulated process-info per user
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-p show cumulated process-info per program (i.e. same name)
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-j show cumulated process-info per container
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-C sort processes in order of cpu consumption (default)
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-M sort processes in order of memory consumption
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-D sort processes in order of disk activity
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-N sort processes in order of network activity
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-E sort processes in order of GPU activity
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-A sort processes in order of most active resource (auto mode)
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specific flags for raw logfiles:
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-w write raw data to file (compressed)
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-r read raw data from file (compressed)
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special file: y[y...] for yesterday (repeated)
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-S finish atop automatically before midnight (i.s.o. #samples)
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-b begin showing data from specified time
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-e finish showing data after specified time
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interval: number of seconds (minimum 0)
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samples: number of intervals (minimum 1)
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```
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*ATOP列*：该列显示了主机名、信息采样日期和时间点
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*PRC列*：该列显示进程整体运行情况
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- sys、usr字段分别指示进程在内核态和用户态的运行时间
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- #proc字段指示进程总数
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- #zombie字段指示僵死进程的数量
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- #exit字段指示atop采样周期期间退出的进程数量
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*CPU列*：该列显示CPU整体(即多核CPU作为一个整体CPU资源)的使用情况，我们知道CPU可被用于执行进程、处理中断，也可处于空闲状态(空闲状态分两种，一种是活动进程等待磁盘IO导致CPU空闲，另一种是完全空闲)
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- sys、usr字段指示CPU被用于处理进程时，进程在内核态、用户态所占CPU的时间比例
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- irq字段指示CPU被用于处理中断的时间比例
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- idle字段指示CPU处在完全空闲状态的时间比例
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- wait字段指示CPU处在“进程等待磁盘IO导致CPU空闲”状态的时间比例
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CPU列各个字段指示值相加结果为N00%，其中N为cpu核数。
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cpu列：该列显示某一核cpu的使用情况，各字段含义可参照CPU列，各字段值相加结果为100%
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*CPL列*：该列显示CPU负载情况
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- avg1、avg5和avg15字段：过去1分钟、5分钟和15分钟内运行队列中的平均进程数量
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- csw字段指示上下文交换次数
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- intr字段指示中断发生次数
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*MEM列*：该列指示内存的使用情况
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- tot字段指示物理内存总量
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- free字段指示空闲内存的大小
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- cache字段指示用于页缓存的内存大小
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- buff字段指示用于文件缓存的内存大小
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- slab字段指示系统内核占用的内存大小
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*SWP列*：该列指示交换空间的使用情况
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- tot字段指示交换区总量
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- free字段指示空闲交换空间大小
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*PAG列*：该列指示虚拟内存分页情况
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swin、swout字段：换入和换出内存页数
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*DSK列*：该列指示磁盘使用情况，每一个磁盘设备对应一列，如果有sdb设备，那么增多一列DSK信息
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- sda字段：磁盘设备标识
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- busy字段：磁盘忙时比例
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- read、write字段：读、写请求数量
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*NET列*：多列NET展示了网络状况，包括传输层(TCP和UDP)、IP层以及各活动的网口信息
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- XXXi 字段指示各层或活动网口收包数目
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- XXXo 字段指示各层或活动网口发包数目
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## atop日志
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```markdown
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每个时间点采样页面组合起来就形成了一个atop日志文件，我们可以使用"atop -r XXX"命令对日志文件进行查看。那以什么形式保存atop日志文件呢？
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对于atop日志文件的保存方式，我们可以这样：
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- 每天保存一个atop日志文件，该日志文件记录当天信息
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- 日志文件以"atop_YYYYMMDD"的方式命名
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- 设定日志失效期限，自动删除一段时间前的日志文件
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其实atop开发者已经提供了以上日志保存方式，相应的atop.daily脚本可以在源码目录下找到。在atop.daily脚本中，我们可以通过修改INTERVAL变量改变atop信息采样周期(默认为10分钟)；通过修改以下命令中的数值改变日志保存天数(默认为28天)：
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(sleep 3; find $LOGPATH -name 'atop_*' -mtime +28 -exec rm {} \; )&
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修改cron文件，每天凌晨执行atop.daily脚本：
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0 0 * * * root /etc/cron.daily/atop.daily
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```
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## 相关资料
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- [官方手册](http://www.atoptool.nl/download/man_atop-1.pdf)
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