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ip
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===
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网络配置工具
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## 补充说明
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**ip命令** 用来显示或操纵Linux主机的路由、网络设备、策略路由和隧道，是Linux下较新的功能强大的网络配置工具。
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### 语法
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```
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ip(选项)(参数)
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Usage: ip [ OPTIONS ] OBJECT { COMMAND | help }
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ip [ -force ] -batch filename
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```
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### 选项
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```
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OBJECT := { link | address | addrlabel | route | rule | neigh | ntable |
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tunnel | tuntap | maddress | mroute | mrule | monitor | xfrm |
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netns | l2tp | macsec | tcp_metrics | token }
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-V：显示指令版本信息；
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-s：输出更详细的信息；
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-f：强制使用指定的协议族；
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-4：指定使用的网络层协议是IPv4协议；
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-6：指定使用的网络层协议是IPv6协议；
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-0：输出信息每条记录输出一行，即使内容较多也不换行显示；
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-r：显示主机时，不使用IP地址，而使用主机的域名。
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```
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### 参数
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```
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OPTIONS := { -V[ersion] | -s[tatistics] | -d[etails] | -r[esolve] |
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-h[uman-readable] | -iec |
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-f[amily] { inet | inet6 | ipx | dnet | bridge | link } |
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-4 | -6 | -I | -D | -B | -0 |
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-l[oops] { maximum-addr-flush-attempts } |
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-o[neline] | -t[imestamp] | -ts[hort] | -b[atch] [filename] |
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-rc[vbuf] [size] | -n[etns] name | -a[ll] }
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网络对象：指定要管理的网络对象；
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具体操作：对指定的网络对象完成具体操作；
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help：显示网络对象支持的操作命令的帮助信息。
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```
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### 实例
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```bash
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ip link show # 显示网络接口信息
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ip link set eth0 upi # 开启网卡
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ip link set eth0 down # 关闭网卡
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ip link set eth0 promisc on # 开启网卡的混合模式
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ip link set eth0 promisc offi # 关闭网卡的混个模式
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ip link set eth0 txqueuelen 1200 # 设置网卡队列长度
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ip link set eth0 mtu 1400 # 设置网卡最大传输单元
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ip addr show # 显示网卡IP信息
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ip addr add 192.168.0.1/24 dev eth0 # 设置eth0网卡IP地址192.168.0.1
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ip addr del 192.168.0.1/24 dev eth0 # 删除eth0网卡IP地址
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ip route show # 显示系统路由
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ip route add default via 192.168.1.254 # 设置系统默认路由
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ip route list # 查看路由信息
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ip route add 192.168.4.0/24 via 192.168.0.254 dev eth0 # 设置192.168.4.0网段的网关为192.168.0.254,数据走eth0接口
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ip route add default via 192.168.0.254 dev eth0 # 设置默认网关为192.168.0.254
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ip route del 192.168.4.0/24 # 删除192.168.4.0网段的网关
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ip route del default # 删除默认路由
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ip route delete 192.168.1.0/24 dev eth0 # 删除路由
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```
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**用ip命令显示网络设备的运行状态**
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```
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[root@localhost ~]# ip link list
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1: lo: <LOOPBACK,UP,LOWER_UP> mtu 16436 qdisc noqueue
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link/loopback 00:00:00:00:00:00 brd 00:00:00:00:00:00
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2: eth0: <BROADCAST,MULTICAST,UP,LOWER_UP> mtu 1500 qdisc pfifo_fast qlen 1000
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link/ether 00:16:3e:00:1e:51 brd ff:ff:ff:ff:ff:ff
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3: eth1: <BROADCAST,MULTICAST,UP,LOWER_UP> mtu 1500 qdisc pfifo_fast qlen 1000
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link/ether 00:16:3e:00:1e:52 brd ff:ff:ff:ff:ff:ff
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```
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**显示更加详细的设备信息**
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```
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[root@localhost ~]# ip -s link list
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1: lo: <LOOPBACK,UP,LOWER_UP> mtu 16436 qdisc noqueue
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link/loopback 00:00:00:00:00:00 brd 00:00:00:00:00:00
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RX: bytes packets errors dropped overrun mcast
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5082831 56145 0 0 0 0
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TX: bytes packets errors dropped carrier collsns
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5082831 56145 0 0 0 0
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2: eth0: <BROADCAST,MULTICAST,UP,LOWER_UP> mtu 1500 qdisc pfifo_fast qlen 1000
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link/ether 00:16:3e:00:1e:51 brd ff:ff:ff:ff:ff:ff
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RX: bytes packets errors dropped overrun mcast
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3641655380 62027099 0 0 0 0
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TX: bytes packets errors dropped carrier collsns
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6155236 89160 0 0 0 0
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3: eth1: <BROADCAST,MULTICAST,UP,LOWER_UP> mtu 1500 qdisc pfifo_fast qlen 1000
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link/ether 00:16:3e:00:1e:52 brd ff:ff:ff:ff:ff:ff
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RX: bytes packets errors dropped overrun mcast
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2562136822 488237847 0 0 0 0
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TX: bytes packets errors dropped carrier collsns
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3486617396 9691081 0 0 0 0
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```
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**显示核心路由表**
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```
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[root@localhost ~]# ip route list
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112.124.12.0/22 dev eth1 proto kernel scope link src 112.124.15.130
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10.160.0.0/20 dev eth0 proto kernel scope link src 10.160.7.81
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192.168.0.0/16 via 10.160.15.247 dev eth0
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172.16.0.0/12 via 10.160.15.247 dev eth0
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10.0.0.0/8 via 10.160.15.247 dev eth0
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default via 112.124.15.247 dev eth1
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```
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**显示邻居表**
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```
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[root@localhost ~]# ip neigh list
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112.124.15.247 dev eth1 lladdr 00:00:0c:9f:f3:88 REACHABLE
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10.160.15.247 dev eth0 lladdr 00:00:0c:9f:f2:c0 STALE
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```
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**获取主机所有网络接口**
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```
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ip link | grep ^[0-9] | awk -F: '{print $2}'
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```
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<!-- Linux命令行搜索引擎：https://jaywcjlove.github.io/linux-command/ -->
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