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lastb
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===
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列出登入系统失败的用户相关信息
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## 补充说明
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**lastb命令** 用于显示用户错误的登录列表，此指令可以发现系统的登录异常。单独执行lastb命令，它会读取位于`/var/log`目录下，名称为btmp的文件，并把该文件内容记录的登入失败的用户名单，全部显示出来。
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### 语法
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```
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lastb(选项)(参数)
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```
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### 选项
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```
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-a：把从何处登入系统的主机名称或ip地址显示在最后一行；
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-d：将IP地址转换成主机名称；
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-f<记录文件>：指定记录文件；
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-n<显示列数>或-<显示列数>：设置列出名单的显示列数；
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-R：不显示登入系统的主机名称或IP地址；
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-x：显示系统关机，重新开机，以及执行等级的改变等信息。
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```
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### 参数
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* 用户名：显示中的用户的登录列表；
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* 终端：显示从指定终端的登录列表。
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### 实例
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首次运行lastb命令会报下的错误：
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```
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lastb: /var/log/btmp: No such file or directory
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Perhaps this file was removed by the operator to prevent logging lastb info.
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```
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只需建立这个不存在的文件即可。
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```
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touch /var/log/btmp
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```
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使用ssh的登录失败不会记录在btmp文件中。
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```
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lastb | head
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root ssh:notty 110.84.129.3 Tue Dec 17 06:19 - 06:19 (00:00)
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root ssh:notty 110.84.129.3 Tue Dec 17 04:05 - 04:05 (00:00)
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root ssh:notty 110.84.129.3 Tue Dec 17 01:52 - 01:52 (00:00)
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root ssh:notty 110.84.129.3 Mon Dec 16 23:38 - 23:38 (00:00)
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leonob ssh:notty 222.211.85.18 Mon Dec 16 22:18 - 22:18 (00:00)
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leonob ssh:notty 222.211.85.18 Mon Dec 16 22:18 - 22:18 (00:00)
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root ssh:notty 110.84.129.3 Mon Dec 16 21:25 - 21:25 (00:00)
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root ssh:notty 110.84.129.3 Mon Dec 16 19:12 - 19:12 (00:00)
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root ssh:notty 110.84.129.3 Mon Dec 16 17:00 - 17:00 (00:00)
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admin ssh:notty 129.171.193.99 Mon Dec 16 16:52 - 16:52 (00:00)
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```
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<!-- Linux命令行搜索引擎：https://jaywcjlove.github.io/linux-command/ -->
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