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<div id="app"><div class="Layout" data-v-24d6a1ec><!--[--><!--]--><!--[--><span tabindex="-1" data-v-6d358b95></span><a href="#VPContent" class="VPSkipLink visually-hidden" data-v-6d358b95>Skip to content</a><!--]--><!----><header class="VPNav" data-v-24d6a1ec data-v-a3bfa20d><div class="VPNavBar" data-v-a3bfa20d data-v-2e8dfb4b><div class="wrapper" data-v-2e8dfb4b><div class="container" data-v-2e8dfb4b><div class="title" data-v-2e8dfb4b><div class="VPNavBarTitle has-sidebar" data-v-2e8dfb4b data-v-ab8df553><a class="title" href="/vitepress/v1/" data-v-ab8df553><!--[--><!--]--><!--[--><img class="VPImage logo" src="/vitepress/v1/vitepress-logo-mini.svg" width="24" height="24" alt data-v-857f4fa7><!--]--><span data-v-ab8df553>VitePress</span><!--[--><!--]--></a></div></div><div class="content" data-v-2e8dfb4b><div class="content-body" data-v-2e8dfb4b><!--[--><!--]--><div class="VPNavBarSearch search" data-v-2e8dfb4b><!--[--><!----><div id="local-search"><button type="button" 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class="VPFlyout VPNavBarMenuGroup" data-v-06cc176e data-v-d85ac99d><button type="button" class="button" aria-haspopup="true" aria-expanded="false" data-v-d85ac99d><span class="text" data-v-d85ac99d><!----><span data-v-d85ac99d>1.6.4</span><span class="vpi-chevron-down text-icon" data-v-d85ac99d></span></span></button><div class="menu" data-v-d85ac99d><div class="VPMenu" data-v-d85ac99d data-v-c8d7041b><div class="items" data-v-c8d7041b><!--[--><!--[--><div class="VPMenuLink" data-v-c8d7041b data-v-1b571f26><a class="VPLink link vp-external-link-icon" href="https://github.com/vuejs/vitepress/blob/main/CHANGELOG.md" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer" data-v-1b571f26><!--[--><span data-v-1b571f26>Changelog</span><!--]--></a></div><!--]--><!--[--><div class="VPMenuLink" data-v-c8d7041b data-v-1b571f26><a class="VPLink link vp-external-link-icon" href="https://github.com/vuejs/vitepress/blob/main/.github/contributing.md" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer" data-v-1b571f26><!--[--><span 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class="VPLink link" href="/vitepress/v1/pt/guide/i18n" data-v-1b571f26><!--[--><span data-v-1b571f26>Português</span><!--]--></a></div><div class="VPMenuLink" data-v-492a0c8e data-v-1b571f26><a class="VPLink link" href="/vitepress/v1/ru/guide/i18n" data-v-1b571f26><!--[--><span data-v-1b571f26>Русский</span><!--]--></a></div><div class="VPMenuLink" data-v-492a0c8e data-v-1b571f26><a class="VPLink link" href="/vitepress/v1/es/guide/i18n" data-v-1b571f26><!--[--><span data-v-1b571f26>Español</span><!--]--></a></div><div class="VPMenuLink" data-v-492a0c8e data-v-1b571f26><a class="VPLink link" href="/vitepress/v1/ko/guide/i18n" data-v-1b571f26><!--[--><span data-v-1b571f26>한국어</span><!--]--></a></div><div class="VPMenuLink" data-v-492a0c8e data-v-1b571f26><a class="VPLink link" href="/vitepress/v1/fa/guide/i18n" data-v-1b571f26><!--[--><span data-v-1b571f26>فارسی</span><!--]--></a></div><!--]--></div><!--]--><!--]--></div></div></div><div class="VPNavBarAppearance appearance" 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data-v-dbd97c1a><div class="container" data-v-dbd97c1a><button class="menu" aria-expanded="false" aria-controls="VPSidebarNav" data-v-dbd97c1a><span class="vpi-align-left menu-icon" data-v-dbd97c1a></span><span class="menu-text" data-v-dbd97c1a>Menu</span></button><div class="VPLocalNavOutlineDropdown" style="--vp-vh:0px;" data-v-dbd97c1a data-v-2aa020d0><button data-v-2aa020d0>Return to top</button><!----></div></div></div><aside class="VPSidebar" data-v-24d6a1ec data-v-38fc5113><div class="curtain" data-v-38fc5113></div><nav class="nav" id="VPSidebarNav" aria-labelledby="sidebar-aria-label" tabindex="-1" data-v-38fc5113><span class="visually-hidden" id="sidebar-aria-label" data-v-38fc5113> Sidebar Navigation </span><!--[--><!--]--><!--[--><div class="no-transition group" data-v-0d029714><section class="VPSidebarItem level-0 collapsible" data-v-0d029714 data-v-132a47f9><div class="item" role="button" tabindex="0" data-v-132a47f9><div class="indicator" data-v-132a47f9></div><h2 class="text" data-v-132a47f9>Introduction</h2><div class="caret" role="button" aria-label="toggle section" tabindex="0" data-v-132a47f9><span class="vpi-chevron-right caret-icon" data-v-132a47f9></span></div></div><div class="items" data-v-132a47f9><!--[--><div class="VPSidebarItem level-1 is-link" data-v-132a47f9 data-v-132a47f9><div class="item" data-v-132a47f9><div class="indicator" data-v-132a47f9></div><a class="VPLink link link" href="/vitepress/v1/guide/what-is-vitepress" data-v-132a47f9><!--[--><p class="text" data-v-132a47f9>What is VitePress?</p><!--]--></a><!----></div><!----></div><div class="VPSidebarItem level-1 is-link" data-v-132a47f9 data-v-132a47f9><div class="item" data-v-132a47f9><div class="indicator" data-v-132a47f9></div><a class="VPLink link link" href="/vitepress/v1/guide/getting-started" data-v-132a47f9><!--[--><p class="text" data-v-132a47f9>Getting Started</p><!--]--></a><!----></div><!----></div><div class="VPSidebarItem level-1 is-link" data-v-132a47f9 data-v-132a47f9><div class="item" data-v-132a47f9><div class="indicator" data-v-132a47f9></div><a class="VPLink link link" href="/vitepress/v1/guide/routing" data-v-132a47f9><!--[--><p class="text" data-v-132a47f9>Routing</p><!--]--></a><!----></div><!----></div><div class="VPSidebarItem level-1 is-link" data-v-132a47f9 data-v-132a47f9><div class="item" data-v-132a47f9><div class="indicator" data-v-132a47f9></div><a class="VPLink link link" href="/vitepress/v1/guide/deploy" data-v-132a47f9><!--[--><p class="text" data-v-132a47f9>Deploy</p><!--]--></a><!----></div><!----></div><!--]--></div></section></div><div class="no-transition group" data-v-0d029714><section class="VPSidebarItem level-0 collapsible has-active" data-v-0d029714 data-v-132a47f9><div class="item" role="button" tabindex="0" data-v-132a47f9><div class="indicator" data-v-132a47f9></div><h2 class="text" data-v-132a47f9>Writing</h2><div class="caret" role="button" aria-label="toggle section" tabindex="0" data-v-132a47f9><span class="vpi-chevron-right caret-icon" data-v-132a47f9></span></div></div><div class="items" data-v-132a47f9><!--[--><div class="VPSidebarItem level-1 is-link" data-v-132a47f9 data-v-132a47f9><div class="item" data-v-132a47f9><div class="indicator" data-v-132a47f9></div><a class="VPLink link link" href="/vitepress/v1/guide/markdown" data-v-132a47f9><!--[--><p class="text" data-v-132a47f9>Markdown Extensions</p><!--]--></a><!----></div><!----></div><div class="VPSidebarItem level-1 is-link" data-v-132a47f9 data-v-132a47f9><div class="item" data-v-132a47f9><div class="indicator" data-v-132a47f9></div><a class="VPLink link link" href="/vitepress/v1/guide/asset-handling" data-v-132a47f9><!--[--><p class="text" data-v-132a47f9>Asset Handling</p><!--]--></a><!----></div><!----></div><div class="VPSidebarItem level-1 is-link" data-v-132a47f9 data-v-132a47f9><div class="item" data-v-132a47f9><div class="indicator" data-v-132a47f9></div><a class="VPLink link link" href="/vitepress/v1/guide/frontmatter" data-v-132a47f9><!--[--><p class="text" data-v-132a47f9>Frontmatter</p><!--]--></a><!----></div><!----></div><div class="VPSidebarItem level-1 is-link" data-v-132a47f9 data-v-132a47f9><div class="item" data-v-132a47f9><div class="indicator" data-v-132a47f9></div><a class="VPLink link link" href="/vitepress/v1/guide/using-vue" data-v-132a47f9><!--[--><p class="text" data-v-132a47f9>Using Vue in Markdown</p><!--]--></a><!----></div><!----></div><div class="VPSidebarItem level-1 is-link" data-v-132a47f9 data-v-132a47f9><div class="item" data-v-132a47f9><div class="indicator" data-v-132a47f9></div><a class="VPLink link link" href="/vitepress/v1/guide/i18n" data-v-132a47f9><!--[--><p class="text" data-v-132a47f9>Internationalization</p><!--]--></a><!----></div><!----></div><!--]--></div></section></div><div class="no-transition group" data-v-0d029714><section class="VPSidebarItem level-0 collapsible" data-v-0d029714 data-v-132a47f9><div class="item" role="button" tabindex="0" data-v-132a47f9><div class="indicator" data-v-132a47f9></div><h2 class="text" data-v-132a47f9>Customization</h2><div class="caret" role="button" aria-label="toggle section" tabindex="0" data-v-132a47f9><span class="vpi-chevron-right caret-icon" data-v-132a47f9></span></div></div><div class="items" data-v-132a47f9><!--[--><div class="VPSidebarItem level-1 is-link" data-v-132a47f9 data-v-132a47f9><div class="item" data-v-132a47f9><div class="indicator" data-v-132a47f9></div><a class="VPLink link link" href="/vitepress/v1/guide/custom-theme" data-v-132a47f9><!--[--><p class="text" data-v-132a47f9>Using a Custom Theme</p><!--]--></a><!----></div><!----></div><div class="VPSidebarItem level-1 is-link" data-v-132a47f9 data-v-132a47f9><div class="item" data-v-132a47f9><div class="indicator" data-v-132a47f9></div><a class="VPLink link link" href="/vitepress/v1/guide/extending-default-theme" data-v-132a47f9><!--[--><p class="text" data-v-132a47f9>Extending the Default Theme</p><!--]--></a><!----></div><!----></div><div class="VPSidebarItem level-1 is-link" data-v-132a47f9 data-v-132a47f9><div class="item" data-v-132a47f9><div class="indicator" data-v-132a47f9></div><a class="VPLink link link" href="/vitepress/v1/guide/data-loading" data-v-132a47f9><!--[--><p class="text" data-v-132a47f9>Build-Time Data Loading</p><!--]--></a><!----></div><!----></div><div class="VPSidebarItem level-1 is-link" data-v-132a47f9 data-v-132a47f9><div class="item" data-v-132a47f9><div class="indicator" data-v-132a47f9></div><a class="VPLink link link" href="/vitepress/v1/guide/ssr-compat" data-v-132a47f9><!--[--><p class="text" data-v-132a47f9>SSR Compatibility</p><!--]--></a><!----></div><!----></div><div class="VPSidebarItem level-1 is-link" data-v-132a47f9 data-v-132a47f9><div class="item" data-v-132a47f9><div class="indicator" data-v-132a47f9></div><a class="VPLink link link" href="/vitepress/v1/guide/cms" data-v-132a47f9><!--[--><p class="text" data-v-132a47f9>Connecting to a CMS</p><!--]--></a><!----></div><!----></div><!--]--></div></section></div><div class="no-transition group" data-v-0d029714><section class="VPSidebarItem level-0 collapsible" data-v-0d029714 data-v-132a47f9><div class="item" role="button" tabindex="0" data-v-132a47f9><div class="indicator" data-v-132a47f9></div><h2 class="text" data-v-132a47f9>Experimental</h2><div class="caret" role="button" aria-label="toggle section" tabindex="0" data-v-132a47f9><span class="vpi-chevron-right caret-icon" data-v-132a47f9></span></div></div><div class="items" data-v-132a47f9><!--[--><div class="VPSidebarItem level-1 is-link" data-v-132a47f9 data-v-132a47f9><div class="item" data-v-132a47f9><div class="indicator" data-v-132a47f9></div><a class="VPLink link link" href="/vitepress/v1/guide/mpa-mode" data-v-132a47f9><!--[--><p class="text" data-v-132a47f9>MPA Mode</p><!--]--></a><!----></div><!----></div><div class="VPSidebarItem level-1 is-link" data-v-132a47f9 data-v-132a47f9><div class="item" data-v-132a47f9><div class="indicator" data-v-132a47f9></div><a class="VPLink link link" href="/vitepress/v1/guide/sitemap-generation" data-v-132a47f9><!--[--><p class="text" data-v-132a47f9>Sitemap Generation</p><!--]--></a><!----></div><!----></div><!--]--></div></section></div><div class="no-transition group" data-v-0d029714><section class="VPSidebarItem level-0" data-v-0d029714 data-v-132a47f9><!----><div class="items" data-v-132a47f9><!--[--><div class="VPSidebarItem level-1 is-link" data-v-132a47f9 data-v-132a47f9><div class="item" data-v-132a47f9><div class="indicator" data-v-132a47f9></div><a class="VPLink link link" href="/vitepress/v1/reference/site-config" data-v-132a47f9><!--[--><p class="text" data-v-132a47f9>Config & API Reference</p><!--]--></a><!----></div><!----></div><!--]--></div></section></div><!--]--><!--[--><!--]--></nav></aside><div class="VPContent has-sidebar" id="VPContent" data-v-24d6a1ec data-v-c002ede2><div class="VPDoc has-sidebar has-aside" data-v-c002ede2 data-v-b83d2fb8><!--[--><!--]--><div class="container" data-v-b83d2fb8><div class="aside" data-v-b83d2fb8><div class="aside-curtain" data-v-b83d2fb8></div><div class="aside-container" data-v-b83d2fb8><div class="aside-content" data-v-b83d2fb8><div class="VPDocAside" data-v-b83d2fb8 data-v-3117dd8f><!--[--><!--]--><!--[--><!--]--><nav aria-labelledby="doc-outline-aria-label" class="VPDocAsideOutline" data-v-3117dd8f data-v-8f1cb326><div class="content" data-v-8f1cb326><div class="outline-marker" data-v-8f1cb326></div><div aria-level="2" class="outline-title" id="doc-outline-aria-label" role="heading" data-v-8f1cb326>On this page</div><ul class="VPDocOutlineItem root" data-v-8f1cb326 data-v-999189d2><!--[--><!--]--></ul></div></nav><!--[--><!--]--><div class="spacer" data-v-3117dd8f></div><!--[--><!--]--><div class="VPDocAsideCarbonAds" data-v-3117dd8f><div class="VPCarbonAds" data-v-5c72d9ad></div></div><!--[--><!--]--><!--[--><!--]--></div></div></div></div><div class="content" data-v-b83d2fb8><div class="content-container" data-v-b83d2fb8><!--[--><!--]--><main class="main" data-v-b83d2fb8><div style="position:relative;" class="vp-doc _vitepress_v1_guide_i18n" data-v-b83d2fb8><div><h1 id="internationalization" tabindex="-1">Internationalization <a class="header-anchor" href="#internationalization" aria-label="Permalink to "Internationalization""></a></h1><p>To use the built-in i18n features, one needs to create a directory structure as follows:</p><div class="language- vp-adaptive-theme"><button title="Copy code" class="copy"></button><span class="lang"></span><pre class="shiki shiki-themes github-light github-dark vp-code" tabindex="0"><code><span class="line"><span>docs/</span></span>
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<span class="line"><span>├─ es/</span></span>
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<span class="line"><span>│ ├─ foo.md</span></span>
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<span class="line"><span>├─ fr/</span></span>
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<span class="line"><span>│ ├─ foo.md</span></span>
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<span class="line"><span>├─ foo.md</span></span></code></pre></div><p>Then in <code>docs/.vitepress/config.ts</code>:</p><div class="vp-code-block-title"><div class="vp-code-block-title-bar"><span class="vp-code-block-title-text" data-title="docs/.vitepress/config.ts">docs/.vitepress/config.ts</span></div><div class="language-ts vp-adaptive-theme"><button title="Copy code" class="copy"></button><span class="lang">ts</span><pre class="shiki shiki-themes github-light github-dark vp-code" tabindex="0"><code><span class="line"><span style="--shiki-light:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583;">import</span><span style="--shiki-light:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8;"> { defineConfig } </span><span style="--shiki-light:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583;">from</span><span style="--shiki-light:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF;"> 'vitepress'</span></span>
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<span class="line"></span>
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<span class="line"><span style="--shiki-light:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583;">export</span><span style="--shiki-light:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583;"> default</span><span style="--shiki-light:#6F42C1;--shiki-dark:#B392F0;"> defineConfig</span><span style="--shiki-light:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8;">({</span></span>
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<span class="line"><span style="--shiki-light:#6A737D;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;"> // shared properties and other top-level stuff...</span></span>
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<span class="line"></span>
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<span class="line"><span style="--shiki-light:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8;"> locales: {</span></span>
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<span class="line"><span style="--shiki-light:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8;"> root: {</span></span>
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<span class="line"><span style="--shiki-light:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8;"> label: </span><span style="--shiki-light:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF;">'English'</span><span style="--shiki-light:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8;">,</span></span>
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<span class="line"><span style="--shiki-light:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8;"> lang: </span><span style="--shiki-light:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF;">'en'</span></span>
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<span class="line"><span style="--shiki-light:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8;"> },</span></span>
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<span class="line"><span style="--shiki-light:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8;"> fr: {</span></span>
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<span class="line"><span style="--shiki-light:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8;"> label: </span><span style="--shiki-light:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF;">'French'</span><span style="--shiki-light:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8;">,</span></span>
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<span class="line"><span style="--shiki-light:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8;"> lang: </span><span style="--shiki-light:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF;">'fr'</span><span style="--shiki-light:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8;">, </span><span style="--shiki-light:#6A737D;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;">// optional, will be added as `lang` attribute on `html` tag</span></span>
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<span class="line"><span style="--shiki-light:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8;"> link: </span><span style="--shiki-light:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF;">'/fr/guide'</span><span style="--shiki-light:#6A737D;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;"> // default /fr/ -- shows on navbar translations menu, can be external</span></span>
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<span class="line"></span>
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<span class="line"><span style="--shiki-light:#6A737D;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;"> // other locale specific properties...</span></span>
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<span class="line"><span style="--shiki-light:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8;"> }</span></span>
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<span class="line"><span style="--shiki-light:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8;"> }</span></span>
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<span class="line"><span style="--shiki-light:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8;">})</span></span></code></pre></div></div><p>The following properties can be overridden for each locale (including root):</p><div class="language-ts vp-adaptive-theme"><button title="Copy code" class="copy"></button><span class="lang">ts</span><pre class="shiki shiki-themes github-light github-dark vp-code" tabindex="0"><code><span class="line"><span style="--shiki-light:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583;">interface</span><span style="--shiki-light:#6F42C1;--shiki-dark:#B392F0;"> LocaleSpecificConfig</span><span style="--shiki-light:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8;"><</span><span style="--shiki-light:#6F42C1;--shiki-dark:#B392F0;">ThemeConfig</span><span style="--shiki-light:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583;"> =</span><span style="--shiki-light:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF;"> any</span><span style="--shiki-light:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8;">> {</span></span>
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<span class="line"><span style="--shiki-light:#E36209;--shiki-dark:#FFAB70;"> lang</span><span style="--shiki-light:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583;">?:</span><span style="--shiki-light:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF;"> string</span></span>
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<span class="line"><span style="--shiki-light:#E36209;--shiki-dark:#FFAB70;"> dir</span><span style="--shiki-light:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583;">?:</span><span style="--shiki-light:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF;"> string</span></span>
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<span class="line"><span style="--shiki-light:#E36209;--shiki-dark:#FFAB70;"> title</span><span style="--shiki-light:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583;">?:</span><span style="--shiki-light:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF;"> string</span></span>
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<span class="line"><span style="--shiki-light:#E36209;--shiki-dark:#FFAB70;"> titleTemplate</span><span style="--shiki-light:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583;">?:</span><span style="--shiki-light:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF;"> string</span><span style="--shiki-light:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583;"> |</span><span style="--shiki-light:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF;"> boolean</span></span>
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<span class="line"><span style="--shiki-light:#E36209;--shiki-dark:#FFAB70;"> description</span><span style="--shiki-light:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583;">?:</span><span style="--shiki-light:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF;"> string</span></span>
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<span class="line"><span style="--shiki-light:#E36209;--shiki-dark:#FFAB70;"> head</span><span style="--shiki-light:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583;">?:</span><span style="--shiki-light:#6F42C1;--shiki-dark:#B392F0;"> HeadConfig</span><span style="--shiki-light:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8;">[] </span><span style="--shiki-light:#6A737D;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;">// will be merged with existing head entries, duplicate meta tags are automatically removed</span></span>
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<span class="line"><span style="--shiki-light:#E36209;--shiki-dark:#FFAB70;"> themeConfig</span><span style="--shiki-light:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583;">?:</span><span style="--shiki-light:#6F42C1;--shiki-dark:#B392F0;"> ThemeConfig</span><span style="--shiki-light:#6A737D;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;"> // will be shallow merged, common stuff can be put in top-level themeConfig entry</span></span>
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<span class="line"><span style="--shiki-light:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8;">}</span></span></code></pre></div><p>Refer <a href="https://github.com/vuejs/vitepress/blob/main/types/default-theme.d.ts" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer"><code>DefaultTheme.Config</code></a> interface for details on customizing the placeholder texts of the default theme. Don't override <code>themeConfig.algolia</code> or <code>themeConfig.carbonAds</code> at locale-level. Refer <a href="./../reference/default-theme-search#i18n">Algolia docs</a> for using multilingual search.</p><p><strong>Pro tip:</strong> Config file can be stored at <code>docs/.vitepress/config/index.ts</code> too. It might help you organize stuff by creating a configuration file per locale and then merge and export them from <code>index.ts</code>.</p><h2 id="separate-directory-for-each-locale" tabindex="-1">Separate directory for each locale <a class="header-anchor" href="#separate-directory-for-each-locale" aria-label="Permalink to "Separate directory for each locale""></a></h2><p>The following is a perfectly fine structure:</p><div class="language- vp-adaptive-theme"><button title="Copy code" class="copy"></button><span class="lang"></span><pre class="shiki shiki-themes github-light github-dark vp-code" tabindex="0"><code><span class="line"><span>docs/</span></span>
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<span class="line"><span>├─ en/</span></span>
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<span class="line"><span>│ ├─ foo.md</span></span>
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<span class="line"><span>├─ es/</span></span>
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<span class="line"><span>│ ├─ foo.md</span></span>
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<span class="line"><span>├─ fr/</span></span>
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<span class="line"><span> ├─ foo.md</span></span></code></pre></div><p>However, VitePress won't redirect <code>/</code> to <code>/en/</code> by default. You'll need to configure your server for that. For example, on Netlify, you can add a <code>docs/public/_redirects</code> file like this:</p><div class="language- vp-adaptive-theme"><button title="Copy code" class="copy"></button><span class="lang"></span><pre class="shiki shiki-themes github-light github-dark vp-code" tabindex="0"><code><span class="line"><span>/* /es/:splat 302 Language=es</span></span>
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<span class="line"><span>/* /fr/:splat 302 Language=fr</span></span>
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<span class="line"><span>/* /en/:splat 302</span></span></code></pre></div><p><strong>Pro tip:</strong> If using the above approach, you can use <code>nf_lang</code> cookie to persist user's language choice:</p><div class="vp-code-block-title"><div class="vp-code-block-title-bar"><span class="vp-code-block-title-text" data-title="docs/.vitepress/theme/index.ts">docs/.vitepress/theme/index.ts</span></div><div class="language-ts vp-adaptive-theme"><button title="Copy code" class="copy"></button><span class="lang">ts</span><pre class="shiki shiki-themes github-light github-dark vp-code" tabindex="0"><code><span class="line"><span style="--shiki-light:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583;">import</span><span style="--shiki-light:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8;"> DefaultTheme </span><span style="--shiki-light:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583;">from</span><span style="--shiki-light:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF;"> 'vitepress/theme'</span></span>
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<span class="line"><span style="--shiki-light:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583;">import</span><span style="--shiki-light:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8;"> Layout </span><span style="--shiki-light:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583;">from</span><span style="--shiki-light:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF;"> './Layout.vue'</span></span>
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<span class="line"></span>
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<span class="line"><span style="--shiki-light:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583;">export</span><span style="--shiki-light:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583;"> default</span><span style="--shiki-light:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8;"> {</span></span>
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<span class="line"><span style="--shiki-light:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8;"> extends: DefaultTheme,</span></span>
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<span class="line"><span style="--shiki-light:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8;"> Layout</span></span>
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<span class="line"><span style="--shiki-light:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8;">}</span></span></code></pre></div></div><div class="vp-code-block-title"><div class="vp-code-block-title-bar"><span class="vp-code-block-title-text" data-title="docs/.vitepress/theme/Layout.vue">docs/.vitepress/theme/Layout.vue</span></div><div class="language-vue vp-adaptive-theme"><button title="Copy code" class="copy"></button><span class="lang">vue</span><pre class="shiki shiki-themes github-light github-dark vp-code" tabindex="0"><code><span class="line"><span style="--shiki-light:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8;"><</span><span style="--shiki-light:#22863A;--shiki-dark:#85E89D;">script</span><span style="--shiki-light:#6F42C1;--shiki-dark:#B392F0;"> setup</span><span style="--shiki-light:#6F42C1;--shiki-dark:#B392F0;"> lang</span><span style="--shiki-light:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8;">=</span><span style="--shiki-light:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF;">"ts"</span><span style="--shiki-light:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8;">></span></span>
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<span class="line"><span style="--shiki-light:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583;">import</span><span style="--shiki-light:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8;"> DefaultTheme </span><span style="--shiki-light:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583;">from</span><span style="--shiki-light:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF;"> 'vitepress/theme'</span></span>
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<span class="line"><span style="--shiki-light:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583;">import</span><span style="--shiki-light:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8;"> { useData, inBrowser } </span><span style="--shiki-light:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583;">from</span><span style="--shiki-light:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF;"> 'vitepress'</span></span>
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<span class="line"><span style="--shiki-light:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583;">import</span><span style="--shiki-light:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8;"> { watchEffect } </span><span style="--shiki-light:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583;">from</span><span style="--shiki-light:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF;"> 'vue'</span></span>
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<span class="line"></span>
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<span class="line"><span style="--shiki-light:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583;">const</span><span style="--shiki-light:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8;"> { </span><span style="--shiki-light:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF;">lang</span><span style="--shiki-light:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8;"> } </span><span style="--shiki-light:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583;">=</span><span style="--shiki-light:#6F42C1;--shiki-dark:#B392F0;"> useData</span><span style="--shiki-light:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8;">()</span></span>
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<span class="line"><span style="--shiki-light:#6F42C1;--shiki-dark:#B392F0;">watchEffect</span><span style="--shiki-light:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8;">(() </span><span style="--shiki-light:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583;">=></span><span style="--shiki-light:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8;"> {</span></span>
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<span class="line"><span style="--shiki-light:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583;"> if</span><span style="--shiki-light:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8;"> (inBrowser) {</span></span>
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<span class="line"><span style="--shiki-light:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8;"> document.cookie </span><span style="--shiki-light:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583;">=</span><span style="--shiki-light:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF;"> `nf_lang=${</span><span style="--shiki-light:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8;">lang</span><span style="--shiki-light:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF;">.</span><span style="--shiki-light:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8;">value</span><span style="--shiki-light:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF;">}; expires=Mon, 1 Jan 2030 00:00:00 UTC; path=/`</span></span>
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<span class="line"><span style="--shiki-light:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8;"> }</span></span>
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<span class="line"><span style="--shiki-light:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8;">})</span></span>
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<span class="line"><span style="--shiki-light:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8;"></</span><span style="--shiki-light:#22863A;--shiki-dark:#85E89D;">script</span><span style="--shiki-light:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8;">></span></span>
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<span class="line"></span>
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<span class="line"><span style="--shiki-light:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8;"><</span><span style="--shiki-light:#22863A;--shiki-dark:#85E89D;">template</span><span style="--shiki-light:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8;">></span></span>
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<span class="line"><span style="--shiki-light:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8;"> <</span><span style="--shiki-light:#22863A;--shiki-dark:#85E89D;">DefaultTheme.Layout</span><span style="--shiki-light:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8;"> /></span></span>
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<span class="line"><span style="--shiki-light:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8;"></</span><span style="--shiki-light:#22863A;--shiki-dark:#85E89D;">template</span><span style="--shiki-light:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8;">></span></span></code></pre></div></div><h2 id="rtl-support-experimental" tabindex="-1">RTL Support (Experimental) <a class="header-anchor" href="#rtl-support-experimental" aria-label="Permalink to "RTL Support (Experimental)""></a></h2><p>For RTL support, specify <code>dir: 'rtl'</code> in config and use some RTLCSS PostCSS plugin like <a href="https://github.com/MohammadYounes/rtlcss" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer">https://github.com/MohammadYounes/rtlcss</a>, <a href="https://github.com/vkalinichev/postcss-rtl" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer">https://github.com/vkalinichev/postcss-rtl</a> or <a href="https://github.com/elchininet/postcss-rtlcss" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer">https://github.com/elchininet/postcss-rtlcss</a>. You'll need to configure your PostCSS plugin to use <code>:where([dir="ltr"])</code> and <code>:where([dir="rtl"])</code> as prefixes to prevent CSS specificity issues.</p></div></div></main><footer class="VPDocFooter" data-v-b83d2fb8 data-v-9e12100f><!--[--><!--]--><div class="edit-info" data-v-9e12100f><div class="edit-link" data-v-9e12100f><a class="VPLink link vp-external-link-icon no-icon edit-link-button" href="https://github.com/vuejs/vitepress/edit/main/docs/en/guide/i18n.md" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer" data-v-9e12100f><!--[--><span class="vpi-square-pen edit-link-icon" data-v-9e12100f></span> Edit this page on GitHub<!--]--></a></div><div class="last-updated" data-v-9e12100f><p class="VPLastUpdated" data-v-9e12100f data-v-3eb659aa>Last updated: <time datetime="2025-01-09T14:01:12.000Z" data-v-3eb659aa></time></p></div></div><nav class="prev-next" aria-labelledby="doc-footer-aria-label" data-v-9e12100f><span class="visually-hidden" id="doc-footer-aria-label" data-v-9e12100f>Pager</span><div class="pager" data-v-9e12100f><a class="VPLink link pager-link prev" href="/vitepress/v1/guide/using-vue" data-v-9e12100f><!--[--><span class="desc" data-v-9e12100f>Previous page</span><span class="title" data-v-9e12100f>Using Vue in Markdown</span><!--]--></a></div><div class="pager" data-v-9e12100f><a class="VPLink link pager-link next" href="/vitepress/v1/guide/custom-theme" data-v-9e12100f><!--[--><span class="desc" data-v-9e12100f>Next page</span><span class="title" data-v-9e12100f>Using a Custom Theme</span><!--]--></a></div></nav></footer><!--[--><!--]--></div></div></div><!--[--><!--]--></div></div><footer class="VPFooter has-sidebar" data-v-24d6a1ec data-v-3be7d130><div class="container" data-v-3be7d130><p class="message" data-v-3be7d130>Released under the MIT License.</p><p class="copyright" data-v-3be7d130>Copyright © 2019-present Evan You</p></div></footer><!--[--><!--]--></div></div>
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