diff --git a/__tests__/e2e/ssr-batching.test.ts b/__tests__/e2e/ssr-batching.test.ts
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..30ade433
--- /dev/null
+++ b/__tests__/e2e/ssr-batching.test.ts
@@ -0,0 +1,117 @@
+import { access, readFile } from 'node:fs/promises'
+import path from 'node:path'
+
+test('batched SSR writes complete shared and per-page artifacts', async () => {
+  if (!process.env.VITE_TEST_SSR_BATCH) return
+
+  const outDir = path.resolve('.vitepress/dist')
+  const [
+    indexHtml,
+    dynamicHtml,
+    staticHtml,
+    scopedHtml,
+    lastBatchHtml,
+    notFoundHtml,
+    iconsCss,
+    hashmap
+  ] = await Promise.all([
+    readFile(path.join(outDir, 'index.html'), 'utf8'),
+    readFile(path.join(outDir, 'dynamic-routes/foo.html'), 'utf8'),
+    readFile(path.join(outDir, 'ssr-static.html'), 'utf8'),
+    readFile(path.join(outDir, 'ssr-scoped.html'), 'utf8'),
+    readFile(path.join(outDir, 'text-literals/index.html'), 'utf8'),
+    readFile(path.join(outDir, '404.html'), 'utf8'),
+    readFile(path.join(outDir, 'vp-icons.css'), 'utf8'),
+    readFile(path.join(outDir, 'hashmap.json'), 'utf8')
+  ])
+
+  expect(indexHtml).toContain('<div id="app">')
+  expect(dynamicHtml).toContain('<title>Foo - transformed | Example</title>')
+  expect(dynamicHtml).toContain('name="ssr-batch-hook-state"')
+  expect(dynamicHtml).toContain(
+    'data-ssr-batch-transform="dynamic-routes/foo.md"'
+  )
+  expect(staticHtml).toContain('<title>Static batching page | Example</title>')
+  expect(staticHtml).toContain('<h1 id="static-batching-page"')
+  expect(staticHtml).toContain(
+    '<p data-static-batch-marker="preserved">Static HTML marker</p>'
+  )
+  expect(staticHtml).toContain(
+    '<span class="VPBadge warning">static badge</span>'
+  )
+  expect(staticHtml).toContain('<!-- static comment preserved -->')
+  expect(staticHtml).toContain(
+    '<img data-static-public-asset src="/batch-public.txt" alt="Static public asset">'
+  )
+  expect(scopedHtml).toContain('Scoped module identity')
+  expect(scopedHtml).toMatch(/class="scoped-batch-marker" data-v-[\da-f]+/)
+  expect(staticHtml).toMatch(
+    /<meta name="ssr-batch-hook-state" content="\d+:ssr-static\.md">/
+  )
+  expect(staticHtml).toContain(
+    '<meta name="ssr-batch-after-config-resolve" content="coordinator mutation retained">'
+  )
+  expect(staticHtml).toContain('data-ssr-batch-transform="ssr-static.md"')
+  expect(lastBatchHtml).toContain('<h1 id="text-literals"')
+  expect(dynamicHtml).toContain('<pre class="params">')
+  expect(dynamicHtml).toContain('&quot;id&quot;: &quot;foo&quot;')
+  expect(dynamicHtml).not.toContain('{{ $params }}')
+  expect(notFoundHtml).toContain('<title>404 | Example</title>')
+  expect(iconsCss).toContain('.vpi-social-github')
+  expect(hashmap).not.toContain('undefined')
+  await expect(
+    access(path.join(outDir, 'batch-public.txt'))
+  ).resolves.toBeUndefined()
+  if (!process.env.DEBUG) {
+    await expect(access(path.resolve('.vitepress/.temp'))).rejects.toThrow()
+  }
+})
+
+test('resolved config-file hooks preserve legacy physical Markdown SSR semantics', async () => {
+  if (!process.env.VITE_TEST_BUILD) return
+
+  const html = await readFile(
+    path.resolve('.vitepress/dist/ssr-plugin-safety.html'),
+    'utf8'
+  )
+  expect(html).toContain(
+    '<p data-resolved-load-environment="ssr">physical Markdown load hook</p>'
+  )
+  expect(html).toContain(
+    '<p data-resolved-transform-mode="server">environment-sensitive Markdown transform</p>'
+  )
+  expect(html).not.toContain('data-resolved-transform-mode="client"')
+})
+
+test('the static SSR fast path hydrates with normal client-page semantics', async () => {
+  if (!process.env.VITE_TEST_SSR_BATCH) return
+
+  await goto('/ssr-static.html')
+
+  expect(
+    await page
+      .getByRole('heading', { level: 1, name: 'Static batching page' })
+      .isVisible()
+  ).toBe(true)
+  expect(
+    await page.locator('[data-static-batch-marker="preserved"]').textContent()
+  ).toBe('Static HTML marker')
+  expect(await page.locator('.VPBadge.warning').textContent()).toBe(
+    'static badge'
+  )
+  expect(
+    await page.locator('[data-static-public-asset]').getAttribute('src')
+  ).toBe('/batch-public.txt')
+})
+
+test('scoped pages preserve client and SSR module identity', async () => {
+  if (!process.env.VITE_TEST_SSR_BATCH) return
+
+  await goto('/ssr-scoped.html')
+
+  const marker = page.locator('.scoped-batch-marker')
+  expect(await marker.textContent()).toBe('Scoped module identity')
+  expect(
+    await marker.evaluate((element) => getComputedStyle(element).color)
+  ).toBe('rgb(1, 2, 3)')
+})
diff --git a/__tests__/e2e/ssr-plugin-safety.md b/__tests__/e2e/ssr-plugin-safety.md
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..379c9380
--- /dev/null
+++ b/__tests__/e2e/ssr-plugin-safety.md
@@ -0,0 +1,7 @@
+---
+title: Resolved plugin artifact safety
+---
+
+# Resolved plugin artifact safety
+
+This page is transformed by a plugin loaded from `vite.config.ts`.
diff --git a/__tests__/e2e/vite.config.ts b/__tests__/e2e/vite.config.ts
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..9d27b581
--- /dev/null
+++ b/__tests__/e2e/vite.config.ts
@@ -0,0 +1,48 @@
+import { readFile } from 'node:fs/promises'
+import path from 'node:path'
+import { defineConfig } from 'vite'
+
+const artifactSafetyPageRE = /(?:^|\/)ssr-plugin-safety[.]md$/
+
+export default defineConfig({
+  publicDir: process.env.VITE_TEST_SSR_PLUGIN_PARITY
+    ? 'batch-public'
+    : undefined,
+  resolve: process.env.VITE_TEST_SSR_PLUGIN_PARITY
+    ? {
+        alias: {
+          '/vitepress.png': path.resolve(
+            import.meta.dirname,
+            'public/vitepress.png'
+          )
+        }
+      }
+    : undefined,
+  plugins: [
+    {
+      name: 'test:config-file-artifact-safety',
+      apply: 'build',
+      applyToEnvironment(environment) {
+        const environmentName = environment.name
+        return {
+          name: `test:resolved-artifact-safety:${environmentName}`,
+          enforce: 'pre',
+          load: {
+            filter: { id: artifactSafetyPageRE },
+            async handler(id) {
+              const source = await readFile(id, 'utf8')
+              return `${source}\n<p data-resolved-load-environment="${environmentName}">physical Markdown load hook</p>`
+            }
+          },
+          transform: {
+            filter: { id: artifactSafetyPageRE },
+            handler(code, _id, options) {
+              const mode = options?.ssr ? 'server' : 'client'
+              return `${code}\n<p data-resolved-transform-mode="${mode}">environment-sensitive Markdown transform</p>`
+            }
+          }
+        }
+      }
+    }
+  ]
+})
diff --git a/__tests__/unit/node/artifactPluginSafety.test.ts b/__tests__/unit/node/artifactPluginSafety.test.ts
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..bba9e04b
--- /dev/null
+++ b/__tests__/unit/node/artifactPluginSafety.test.ts
@@ -0,0 +1,79 @@
+import { resolveConfig } from 'node/config'
+import {
+  canCompileSsrPageArtifact,
+  canReuseSsrPageArtifactWithPlugins
+} from 'node/markdownToVue'
+import { mkdtemp, rm, writeFile } from 'node:fs/promises'
+import { tmpdir } from 'node:os'
+import path from 'node:path'
+
+describe('SSR artifact plugin safety', () => {
+  let root: string | undefined
+
+  afterEach(async () => {
+    if (root) {
+      await rm(root, { recursive: true, force: true })
+      root = undefined
+    }
+  })
+
+  test('checks plugins discovered in resolved environments and honors the explicit safety contract', async () => {
+    root = await mkdtemp(path.join(tmpdir(), 'vitepress-resolved-hooks-'))
+    const file = path.join(root, 'index.md')
+    await writeFile(file, '# Resolved plugin\n')
+
+    const siteConfig = await resolveConfig(root, 'build', 'production')
+    siteConfig.vite = { plugins: [] }
+    expect(canCompileSsrPageArtifact(siteConfig, file)).toBe(true)
+
+    const resolvedConfigFilePlugin = {
+      name: 'config-file-markdown-load',
+      load: {
+        filter: { id: /[.]md$/ },
+        handler() {
+          return null
+        }
+      }
+    }
+    expect(
+      canReuseSsrPageArtifactWithPlugins([resolvedConfigFilePlugin], file)
+    ).toBe(false)
+
+    const explicitlySafeResolvedPlugin = {
+      ...resolvedConfigFilePlugin,
+      api: { vitepress: { ssrArtifactSafe: true } }
+    }
+    expect(
+      canReuseSsrPageArtifactWithPlugins([explicitlySafeResolvedPlugin], file)
+    ).toBe(true)
+  })
+
+  test('checks the plugin produced by applyToEnvironment after resolution', async () => {
+    root = await mkdtemp(path.join(tmpdir(), 'vitepress-environment-hooks-'))
+    const file = path.join(root, 'index.md')
+    await writeFile(file, '# Per-environment plugin\n')
+
+    const environmentPlugin = {
+      name: 'config-file-per-environment',
+      applyToEnvironment(environment: { name: string }) {
+        return {
+          name: `config-file-per-environment:${environment.name}`,
+          enforce: 'pre' as const,
+          transform: {
+            filter: { id: /[.]md$/ },
+            handler(code: string, _id: string, options?: { ssr?: boolean }) {
+              return `${code}\n${options?.ssr ? 'server' : 'client'}`
+            }
+          }
+        }
+      }
+    }
+    const resolvedSsrPlugin = environmentPlugin.applyToEnvironment({
+      name: 'ssr'
+    })
+
+    expect(canReuseSsrPageArtifactWithPlugins([resolvedSsrPlugin], file)).toBe(
+      false
+    )
+  })
+})
diff --git a/__tests__/unit/node/pluginArtifactSafety.test.ts b/__tests__/unit/node/pluginArtifactSafety.test.ts
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..525b4d56
--- /dev/null
+++ b/__tests__/unit/node/pluginArtifactSafety.test.ts
@@ -0,0 +1,104 @@
+import { resolveConfig } from 'node/config'
+import { PageArtifactStore } from 'node/pageArtifacts'
+import { createVitePressPlugin } from 'node/plugin'
+import { mkdtemp, rm, writeFile } from 'node:fs/promises'
+import { tmpdir } from 'node:os'
+import path from 'node:path'
+import type { Plugin } from 'vite'
+
+describe('resolved plugin artifact safety', () => {
+  let root: string | undefined
+
+  afterEach(async () => {
+    if (root) {
+      await rm(root, { recursive: true, force: true })
+      root = undefined
+    }
+  })
+
+  test('uses resolved-config plugins when deciding whether an artifact is reusable', async () => {
+    root = await mkdtemp(path.join(tmpdir(), 'vitepress-resolved-plugins-'))
+    const file = path.join(root, 'index.md')
+    const source = '# Resolved plugin safety\n'
+    await writeFile(file, source)
+
+    const siteConfig = await resolveConfig(root, 'build', 'production')
+    siteConfig.markdown = { cache: false }
+    siteConfig.vite = { plugins: [] }
+
+    const compileWithResolvedPlugin = async (
+      resolvedPlugin: Plugin,
+      namespace: string
+    ) => {
+      const store = new PageArtifactStore(siteConfig.cacheDir, { namespace })
+      const plugins = await createVitePressPlugin(
+        siteConfig,
+        false,
+        undefined,
+        undefined,
+        undefined,
+        undefined,
+        {
+          coordinatorClient: true,
+          pageArtifactStore: store,
+          skipGitScan: true
+        }
+      )
+      const vitePressPlugin = plugins[0] as Plugin
+      const configResolved = getHookHandler(vitePressPlugin.configResolved)
+      await configResolved.call(undefined, {
+        base: '/',
+        build: { rolldownOptions: { plugins: [] } },
+        command: 'build',
+        plugins: [vitePressPlugin, resolvedPlugin],
+        publicDir: siteConfig.publicDir
+      } as any)
+
+      const transform = getHookHandler(vitePressPlugin.transform as any)
+      await transform.call(
+        {
+          addWatchFile() {},
+          environment: { mode: 'build', name: 'client' }
+        },
+        source,
+        file
+      )
+      return store.getCurrentMetadata('index.md')
+    }
+
+    const resolvedConfigFilePlugin: Plugin = {
+      name: 'test:resolved-config-file-load',
+      load: {
+        filter: { id: /[.]md$/ },
+        handler() {
+          return null
+        }
+      }
+    }
+    expect(siteConfig.vite.plugins).not.toContain(resolvedConfigFilePlugin)
+    await expect(
+      compileWithResolvedPlugin(resolvedConfigFilePlugin, 'resolved-unsafe')
+    ).resolves.toEqual({
+      staticPage: false,
+      requiresSourceModuleIdentity: true
+    })
+
+    const explicitlySafePlugin = {
+      ...resolvedConfigFilePlugin,
+      api: { vitepress: { ssrArtifactSafe: true } }
+    } as Plugin
+    await expect(
+      compileWithResolvedPlugin(explicitlySafePlugin, 'resolved-safe')
+    ).resolves.toEqual({
+      staticPage: true,
+      requiresSourceModuleIdentity: false
+    })
+  })
+})
+
+function getHookHandler<T extends (...args: any[]) => any>(
+  hook: T | { handler: T } | undefined
+): T {
+  if (!hook) throw new Error('Expected plugin hook.')
+  return typeof hook === 'function' ? hook : hook.handler
+}