diff --git a/__tests__/e2e/client-component/Slots.vue b/__tests__/e2e/client-component/Slots.vue
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..5e19a0def
--- /dev/null
+++ b/__tests__/e2e/client-component/Slots.vue
@@ -0,0 +1,21 @@
+<script lang="ts">
+if (typeof window === 'undefined') {
+  throw new Error('This component can only be imported in the browser')
+}
+</script>
+
+<script setup lang="ts">
+defineProps<{ message?: string }>()
+</script>
+
+<template>
+  <section class="client-component">
+    <header>
+      <slot name="header" :message="message || 'scoped value'">
+        header fallback
+      </slot>
+    </header>
+    <div class="default-slot"><slot>default fallback</slot></div>
+    <footer><slot name="footer" /></footer>
+  </section>
+</template>
diff --git a/__tests__/e2e/client-component/client-component.test.ts b/__tests__/e2e/client-component/client-component.test.ts
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..10a4941fe
--- /dev/null
+++ b/__tests__/e2e/client-component/client-component.test.ts
@@ -0,0 +1,78 @@
+describe('client components', () => {
+  beforeEach(async () => {
+    await goto('/client-component/')
+    await page.waitForSelector('#forwarded.client-component')
+  })
+
+  test('forwards default and scoped slots and keeps them reactive', async () => {
+    const header = page.locator('#forwarded header')
+    const content = page.locator('#forwarded .default-slot')
+
+    expect(await header.textContent()).toBe('scoped value 0')
+    expect((await content.textContent())?.trim()).toBe('default content 0')
+    expect(await page.locator('#forwarded footer').textContent()).toBe('')
+
+    await page.locator('#increment').click()
+
+    await expect.poll(() => header.textContent()).toBe('scoped value 1')
+    expect((await content.textContent())?.trim()).toBe('default content 1')
+    expect(await page.locator('#forwarded footer').textContent()).toBe(
+      'conditional slot'
+    )
+
+    await page.locator('#increment').click()
+
+    await expect.poll(() => header.textContent()).toBe('scoped value 2')
+    expect(await page.locator('#forwarded footer').textContent()).toBe('')
+  })
+
+  test('forwards slots when args only provide props', async () => {
+    expect(await page.locator('#with-props header').textContent()).toBe(
+      'from args'
+    )
+    expect(
+      (await page.locator('#with-props .default-slot').textContent())?.trim()
+    ).toBe('content with props')
+    expect(await page.locator('#empty-args .default-slot').textContent()).toBe(
+      'content with empty args'
+    )
+    expect(await page.locator('#null-props .default-slot').textContent()).toBe(
+      'content with null props'
+    )
+  })
+
+  test('preserves explicitly provided slots and shorthand children', async () => {
+    expect(await page.locator('#explicit header').textContent()).toBe(
+      'explicit header'
+    )
+    expect(await page.locator('#explicit .default-slot').textContent()).toBe(
+      'explicit default'
+    )
+
+    for (const [id, content] of [
+      ['string', 'string child'],
+      ['array', 'array child'],
+      ['vnode', 'vnode child'],
+      ['function', 'function child'],
+      ['number', '42'],
+      ['null', 'default fallback'],
+      ['undefined', 'default fallback'],
+      ['multiple', 'firstsecond']
+    ]) {
+      expect(
+        await page.locator(`#legacy-${id} .default-slot`).textContent()
+      ).toBe(content)
+    }
+  })
+
+  test.runIf(!!process.env.VITE_TEST_BUILD)(
+    'does not render the component or its slots on the server',
+    async () => {
+      const response = await page.request.get(page.url())
+      const html = await response.text()
+
+      expect(html).not.toContain('class="client-component"')
+      expect(html).not.toContain('default content 0')
+    }
+  )
+})
diff --git a/__tests__/e2e/client-component/index.md b/__tests__/e2e/client-component/index.md
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..4740dc7b8
--- /dev/null
+++ b/__tests__/e2e/client-component/index.md
@@ -0,0 +1,57 @@
+<script setup>
+import { h, ref } from 'vue'
+import { defineClientComponent } from 'vitepress'
+
+const load = () => import('./Slots.vue')
+const ClientComponent = defineClientComponent(load)
+const WithProps = defineClientComponent(load, [{ message: 'from args' }])
+const WithEmptyArgs = defineClientComponent(load, [])
+const WithNullProps = defineClientComponent(load, [null])
+const WithExplicitSlots = defineClientComponent(load, [null, {
+  default: () => 'explicit default',
+  header: () => 'explicit header'
+}])
+const legacyChildren = [
+  ['string', ['string child']],
+  ['array', [[h('span', 'array child')]]],
+  ['vnode', [h('span', 'vnode child')]],
+  ['function', [() => 'function child']],
+  ['number', [42]],
+  ['null', [null, null]],
+  ['undefined', [null, undefined]],
+  ['multiple', [null, 'first', 'second']]
+].map(([id, args]) => ({ id, component: defineClientComponent(load, args) }))
+const count = ref(0)
+</script>
+
+# Client Components
+
+<button id="increment" @click="count++">Increment</button>
+
+<ClientComponent id="forwarded">
+  <template #header="{ message }">{{ message }} {{ count }}</template>
+  <template v-if="count % 2" #footer>conditional slot</template>
+  default content {{ count }}
+</ClientComponent>
+
+<WithProps id="with-props">
+  <template #header="{ message }">{{ message }}</template>
+  content with props
+</WithProps>
+
+<WithEmptyArgs id="empty-args">content with empty args</WithEmptyArgs>
+
+<WithNullProps id="null-props">content with null props</WithNullProps>
+
+<WithExplicitSlots id="explicit">
+  <template #header>ignored header</template>
+  ignored default
+</WithExplicitSlots>
+
+<component
+  v-for="{ id, component } in legacyChildren"
+  :is="component"
+  :id="`legacy-${id}`"
+>
+  ignored content
+</component>
diff --git a/__tests__/e2e/theme-image/image.test.ts b/__tests__/e2e/theme-image/image.test.ts
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..1822edaff
--- /dev/null
+++ b/__tests__/e2e/theme-image/image.test.ts
@@ -0,0 +1,38 @@
+describe('themeable image alt overrides', () => {
+  beforeEach(async () => {
+    await goto('/theme-image/')
+  })
+
+  test.each(['light', 'dark'])('uses the alt prop in %s mode', async (mode) => {
+    await page.evaluate((mode) => {
+      document.documentElement.classList.toggle('dark', mode === 'dark')
+    }, mode)
+
+    expect(
+      await page.locator('.image-override img:visible').getAttribute('alt')
+    ).toBe('Override description')
+    expect(
+      await page.locator('.image-decorative img:visible').getAttribute('alt')
+    ).toBe('')
+    expect(
+      await page.locator('.image-fallback img:visible').getAttribute('alt')
+    ).toBe('Image description')
+  })
+
+  test('updates both images when the alt prop changes', async () => {
+    const descriptions = () =>
+      page
+        .locator('.image-override img')
+        .evaluateAll((images) =>
+          images.map((image) => image.getAttribute('alt'))
+        )
+
+    await page.getByRole('button', { name: 'Update description' }).click()
+    await expect
+      .poll(descriptions)
+      .toEqual(['Updated description', 'Updated description'])
+
+    await page.getByRole('button', { name: 'Clear description' }).click()
+    await expect.poll(descriptions).toEqual(['', ''])
+  })
+})
diff --git a/__tests__/e2e/theme-image/index.md b/__tests__/e2e/theme-image/index.md
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..c7ea85f4c
--- /dev/null
+++ b/__tests__/e2e/theme-image/index.md
@@ -0,0 +1,28 @@
+<script setup>
+import { ref } from 'vue'
+import { VPImage } from 'vitepress/theme'
+
+const description = ref('Override description')
+const image = {
+  light: '/pwa_light.svg',
+  dark: '/pwa_dark.svg',
+  alt: 'Image description'
+}
+</script>
+
+# Themeable image descriptions
+
+<div class="image-override">
+  <VPImage :image :alt="description" />
+</div>
+
+<div class="image-decorative">
+  <VPImage :image alt="" />
+</div>
+
+<div class="image-fallback">
+  <VPImage :image />
+</div>
+
+<button @click="description = 'Updated description'">Update description</button>
+<button @click="description = ''">Clear description</button>
diff --git a/__tests__/unit/client/theme-default/components/VPImage.test.ts b/__tests__/unit/client/theme-default/components/VPImage.test.ts
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..66719d376
--- /dev/null
+++ b/__tests__/unit/client/theme-default/components/VPImage.test.ts
@@ -0,0 +1,41 @@
+// @ts-expect-error the unit typecheck uses tsc; Vite compiles this SFC at runtime
+import VPImage from 'client/theme-default/components/VPImage.vue'
+import { createSSRApp } from 'vue'
+import { renderToString } from 'vue/server-renderer'
+
+vi.mock('vitepress', () => ({ withBase: (path: string) => path }))
+
+const images = [
+  { name: 'string', image: 'logo.svg', fallback: '', count: 1 },
+  {
+    name: 'single source',
+    image: { src: 'logo.svg', alt: 'Image description' },
+    fallback: 'Image description',
+    count: 1
+  },
+  {
+    name: 'themed sources',
+    image: { light: 'light.svg', dark: 'dark.svg', alt: 'Image description' },
+    fallback: 'Image description',
+    count: 2
+  },
+  {
+    name: 'themed sources without alt',
+    image: { light: 'light.svg', dark: 'dark.svg' },
+    fallback: '',
+    count: 2
+  }
+]
+
+describe.each(images)('VPImage with $name', ({ image, fallback, count }) => {
+  test.each(['Override description', '', undefined])(
+    'respects the alt prop %j',
+    async (alt) => {
+      const html = await renderToString(createSSRApp(VPImage, { image, alt }))
+      const descriptions = [...html.matchAll(/ alt(?:="([^"]*)")?/g)].map(
+        ([, value]) => value ?? ''
+      )
+      expect(descriptions).toEqual(Array(count).fill(alt ?? fallback))
+    }
+  )
+})
diff --git a/__tests__/unit/node/markdown/plugins/containers.test.ts b/__tests__/unit/node/markdown/plugins/containers.test.ts
index bd48c5814..ffee6c777 100644
--- a/__tests__/unit/node/markdown/plugins/containers.test.ts
+++ b/__tests__/unit/node/markdown/plugins/containers.test.ts
@@ -8,13 +8,18 @@ import type { MarkdownEnv } from 'node/shared'
 async function render(
   src: string,
   options: MarkdownOptions = {},
-  env?: Partial<MarkdownEnv>
+  env?: Partial<MarkdownEnv>,
+  base = '/'
 ) {
   disposeMdItInstance()
-  const md = await createMarkdownRenderer('.', {
-    highlight: (code) => code,
-    ...options
-  })
+  const md = await createMarkdownRenderer(
+    '.',
+    {
+      highlight: (code) => code,
+      ...options
+    },
+    base
+  )
   return md.renderAsync(src, env)
 }
 
@@ -114,6 +119,48 @@ describe('node/markdown/plugins/containers', () => {
     `)
   })
 
+  test.each([
+    ['/', true, true, '/guide/start'],
+    ['./', false, true, '../guide/start.html'],
+    ['./', true, true, '../guide/start'],
+    ['./', false, false, '/guide/start.html']
+  ])(
+    'uses page URL settings in titles (base: %s, cleanUrls: %s, relativizeUrls: %s)',
+    async (base, cleanUrls, relativizeUrls, href) => {
+      const src = [
+        '::: tip [Guide][guide]',
+        '[Guide][guide]',
+        ':::',
+        '',
+        '::: details [Guide][guide]',
+        'content',
+        ':::',
+        '',
+        '[guide]: /guide/start.md'
+      ].join('\n')
+      const html = await render(
+        src,
+        {},
+        { cleanUrls, relativePath: 'nested/page.md', relativizeUrls },
+        base
+      )
+      const link = `<a href="${href}">Guide</a>`
+      expect(html).toContain(`<p class="custom-block-title">${link}</p>`)
+      expect(html).toContain(`<summary>${link}</summary>`)
+      expect(html).toContain(`<p>${link}</p>`)
+    }
+  )
+
+  test('keeps page footnotes out of container titles', async () => {
+    const html = await render(
+      '::: tip [Guide](/guide.md)\nText[^1]\n:::\n\n[^1]: A note'
+    )
+    expect(html).toContain(
+      '<p class="custom-block-title"><a href="/guide.html">Guide</a></p>'
+    )
+    expect(html.match(/class="footnotes"/g)).toHaveLength(1)
+  })
+
   test('respects custom labels from container options', async () => {
     const src = '::: tip\n提示内容\n:::\n\n::: details\n详情内容\n:::'
     expect(
diff --git a/__tests__/unit/node/markdownToVue-cache.test.ts b/__tests__/unit/node/markdownToVue-cache.test.ts
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..fc9920531
--- /dev/null
+++ b/__tests__/unit/node/markdownToVue-cache.test.ts
@@ -0,0 +1,70 @@
+import { mkdtemp, rm, writeFile } from 'node:fs/promises'
+import { tmpdir } from 'node:os'
+import path from 'node:path'
+
+import { resolveConfig } from 'node/config'
+import { disposeMdItInstance } from 'node/markdown/markdown'
+import { clearCache, createMarkdownToVueRenderFn } from 'node/markdownToVue'
+
+describe('node/markdownToVue cache invalidation', () => {
+  let root: string
+
+  beforeEach(async () => {
+    clearCache()
+    disposeMdItInstance()
+    root = await mkdtemp(path.join(tmpdir(), 'vitepress-md-cache-'))
+  })
+
+  afterEach(async () => {
+    clearCache()
+    disposeMdItInstance()
+    await rm(root, { recursive: true, force: true })
+  })
+
+  test.each([
+    ['include', '<!-- @include: ./shared.md -->'],
+    ['snippet', '<<< ./shared.md{txt}']
+  ])(
+    'invalidates every source version when its %s changes',
+    async (_, importSrc) => {
+      const file = path.join(root, 'page.md')
+      const otherFile = path.join(root, 'other-page.md')
+      const sharedFile = path.join(root, 'shared.md')
+      const sources = ['First', 'Second', 'Third'].map(
+        (title) => `# ${title}\n\n${importSrc}\n`
+      )
+      await writeFile(file, sources[0])
+      await writeFile(otherFile, '# Other page')
+      await writeFile(sharedFile, 'old shared content')
+
+      const config = await resolveConfig(root, 'serve', 'development')
+      const render = await createMarkdownToVueRenderFn(
+        config.srcDir,
+        { highlight: (code) => code },
+        '/',
+        false,
+        false,
+        config
+      )
+
+      // Editing the page creates several cached versions of the same path.
+      const first = await render(sources[0], file)
+      expect(await render(sources[0], file)).toBe(first)
+      await render(sources[1], file)
+      const other = await render('# Other page', otherFile)
+      await render(sources[2], file)
+
+      await writeFile(sharedFile, 'updated shared content')
+      // The include/snippet HMR handler invalidates each importing page by path.
+      clearCache('page.md')
+
+      // Undoing a page edit must not revive a stale version of the dependency.
+      for (const src of [...sources].reverse()) {
+        const result = await render(src, file)
+        expect(result.vueSrc).toContain('updated shared content')
+        expect(result.vueSrc).not.toContain('old shared content')
+      }
+      expect(await render('# Other page', otherFile)).toBe(other)
+    }
+  )
+})
diff --git a/docs/en/guide/i18n.md b/docs/en/guide/i18n.md
index e166804ef..f688a62bb 100644
--- a/docs/en/guide/i18n.md
+++ b/docs/en/guide/i18n.md
@@ -55,7 +55,7 @@ interface LocaleSpecificConfig<ThemeConfig = any> {
 
 Set `dir: false` at the site or locale level when application code manages the `<html dir>` attribute at runtime. VitePress will omit the attribute from generated HTML and will not overwrite it during client-side navigation.
 
-Refer [`DefaultTheme.Config`](https://github.com/vuejs/vitepress/blob/main/types/default-theme.d.ts) interface for details on customizing the placeholder texts of the default theme. Don't override `themeConfig.algolia` or `themeConfig.carbonAds` at locale-level. Refer [Algolia docs](../reference/default-theme-search#i18n) for using multilingual search.
+Refer [`DefaultTheme.Config`](https://github.com/vuejs/vitepress/blob/main/types/default-theme.d.ts) interface for details on customizing the placeholder texts of the default theme. Don't override `themeConfig.algolia` or `themeConfig.carbonAds` at locale-level. Refer [Algolia docs](../reference/default-theme-search#algolia-search-i18n) for using multilingual search.
 
 **Pro tip:** Config file can be stored at `docs/.vitepress/config/index.ts` too. It might help you organize stuff by creating a configuration file per locale and then merge and export them from `index.ts`.
 
diff --git a/docs/fa/guide/i18n.md b/docs/fa/guide/i18n.md
index 5fd64c4fb..ac199cc5e 100644
--- a/docs/fa/guide/i18n.md
+++ b/docs/fa/guide/i18n.md
@@ -53,7 +53,7 @@ interface LocaleSpecificConfig<ThemeConfig = any> {
 }
 ```
 
-برای جزئیات درباره تنظیمات پیش‌فرض، به رابط `DefaultTheme.Config` در [اینجا](https://github.com/vuejs/vitepress/blob/main/types/default-theme.d.ts) مراجعه کنید. لطفاً خصوصیات `themeConfig.algolia` یا `themeConfig.carbonAds` را در سطح زبان تغییر ندهید. برای استفاده از جستجوی چندزبانه، به [مستندات Algolia](../reference/default-theme-search#i18n) مراجعه کنید.
+برای جزئیات درباره تنظیمات پیش‌فرض، به رابط `DefaultTheme.Config` در [اینجا](https://github.com/vuejs/vitepress/blob/main/types/default-theme.d.ts) مراجعه کنید. لطفاً خصوصیات `themeConfig.algolia` یا `themeConfig.carbonAds` را در سطح زبان تغییر ندهید. برای استفاده از جستجوی چندزبانه، به [مستندات Algolia](../reference/default-theme-search#algolia-search-i18n) مراجعه کنید.
 
 **نکته حرفه‌ای:** فایل پیکربندی را می‌توانید در `docs/.vitepress/config/index.ts` نیز ذخیره کنید. این کار به شما کمک می‌کند که با ایجاد یک فایل پیکربندی برای هر زبان و سپس ادغام و صدور آنها از `index.ts`، موارد را سازماندهی کنید.
 
diff --git a/docs/ja/guide/i18n.md b/docs/ja/guide/i18n.md
index 95995ced6..f74f7e2e1 100644
--- a/docs/ja/guide/i18n.md
+++ b/docs/ja/guide/i18n.md
@@ -53,7 +53,7 @@ interface LocaleSpecificConfig<ThemeConfig = any> {
 }
 ```
 
-デフォルトテーマのプレースホルダ文言のカスタマイズについては [`DefaultTheme.Config`](https://github.com/vuejs/vitepress/blob/main/types/default-theme.d.ts) を参照してください。`themeConfig.algolia` や `themeConfig.carbonAds` をロケール単位で上書きしないでください。多言語検索の利用は [Algolia ドキュメント](../reference/default-theme-search#i18n) を参照。
+デフォルトテーマのプレースホルダ文言のカスタマイズについては [`DefaultTheme.Config`](https://github.com/vuejs/vitepress/blob/main/types/default-theme.d.ts) を参照してください。`themeConfig.algolia` や `themeConfig.carbonAds` をロケール単位で上書きしないでください。多言語検索の利用は [Algolia ドキュメント](../reference/default-theme-search#algolia-search-i18n) を参照。
 
 **プロ向けヒント:** 設定ファイルは `docs/.vitepress/config/index.ts` に置くこともできます。ロケールごとに設定ファイルを作成して、`index.ts` でマージ・エクスポートすると整理しやすくなります。
 
diff --git a/docs/ko/guide/i18n.md b/docs/ko/guide/i18n.md
index cd449f51e..0fed88f36 100644
--- a/docs/ko/guide/i18n.md
+++ b/docs/ko/guide/i18n.md
@@ -53,7 +53,7 @@ interface LocaleSpecificConfig<ThemeConfig = any> {
 }
 ```
 
-기본 테마의 플레이스홀더 텍스트를 커스텀하는 방법에 대한 자세한 내용은 [`DefaultTheme.Config`](https://github.com/vuejs/vitepress/blob/main/types/default-theme.d.ts) 인터페이스를 참고하십시오. 로케일 수준에서 `themeConfig.algolia` 또는 `themeConfig.carbonAds`를 재정의하지 마십시오. 다국어 검색을 사용하려면 [Algolia docs](../reference/default-theme-search#i18n)를 참조하십시오.
+기본 테마의 플레이스홀더 텍스트를 커스텀하는 방법에 대한 자세한 내용은 [`DefaultTheme.Config`](https://github.com/vuejs/vitepress/blob/main/types/default-theme.d.ts) 인터페이스를 참고하십시오. 로케일 수준에서 `themeConfig.algolia` 또는 `themeConfig.carbonAds`를 재정의하지 마십시오. 다국어 검색을 사용하려면 [Algolia docs](../reference/default-theme-search#algolia-search-i18n)를 참조하십시오.
 
 **전문가 팁:** 구성 파일은 `docs/.vitepress/config/index.ts`로 저장할 수도 있습니다. 로케일마다 구성 파일을 생성한 후 `index.ts`에서 병합하고 내보내어 내용을 구성하는 데 도움이 될 수 있습니다.
 
diff --git a/docs/pt/guide/i18n.md b/docs/pt/guide/i18n.md
index f4e3b0923..999c35a0c 100644
--- a/docs/pt/guide/i18n.md
+++ b/docs/pt/guide/i18n.md
@@ -53,7 +53,7 @@ interface LocaleSpecificConfig<ThemeConfig = any> {
 }
 ```
 
-Consulte a interface [`DefaultTheme.Config`](https://github.com/vuejs/vitepress/blob/main/types/default-theme.d.ts) para obter detalhes sobre a personalização dos textos marcadores do tema padrão. Não substitua `themeConfig.algolia` ou `themeConfig.carbonAds` no nível do idioma. Consulte a [documentação Algolia](../reference/default-theme-search#i18n) para usar a pesquisa multilínguas.
+Consulte a interface [`DefaultTheme.Config`](https://github.com/vuejs/vitepress/blob/main/types/default-theme.d.ts) para obter detalhes sobre a personalização dos textos marcadores do tema padrão. Não substitua `themeConfig.algolia` ou `themeConfig.carbonAds` no nível do idioma. Consulte a [documentação Algolia](../reference/default-theme-search#algolia-search-i18n) para usar a pesquisa multilínguas.
 
 **Dica profissional:** O arquivo de configuração pode ser armazenado em `docs/.vitepress/config/index.ts` também. Isso pode ajudar a organizar as coisas criando um arquivo de configuração por idioma e então mesclá-los e exportá-los a partir de `index.ts`.
 
diff --git a/docs/zh/guide/i18n.md b/docs/zh/guide/i18n.md
index 96b16705d..f5c9e4026 100644
--- a/docs/zh/guide/i18n.md
+++ b/docs/zh/guide/i18n.md
@@ -53,7 +53,7 @@ interface LocaleSpecificConfig<ThemeConfig = any> {
 }
 ```
 
-有关自定义默认主题的文本占位符的信息，请参考 [`DefaultTheme.Config`](https://github.com/vuejs/vitepress/blob/main/types/default-theme.d.ts) 接口。不要在 locale 级别覆盖 `themeConfig.algolia` 或 `themeConfig.carbonAds`。想获取多语言搜索的信息，请参考 [Algolia 文档](../reference/default-theme-search#i18n)。
+有关自定义默认主题的文本占位符的信息，请参考 [`DefaultTheme.Config`](https://github.com/vuejs/vitepress/blob/main/types/default-theme.d.ts) 接口。不要在 locale 级别覆盖 `themeConfig.algolia` 或 `themeConfig.carbonAds`。想获取多语言搜索的信息，请参考 [Algolia 文档](../reference/default-theme-search#algolia-search-i18n)。
 
 **提示**：配置文件也可以是 `docs/.vitepress/config/index.ts`。通过为每个语言环境创建一个配置文件，然后从 `index.ts` 合并并导出它们，可以更好地组织文件。
 
diff --git a/src/client/app/utils.ts b/src/client/app/utils.ts
index 63e4708a6..437837574 100644
--- a/src/client/app/utils.ts
+++ b/src/client/app/utils.ts
@@ -1,5 +1,12 @@
 import { tryOnUnmounted } from '@vueuse/core'
-import { h, onMounted, shallowRef, type AsyncComponentLoader } from 'vue'
+import {
+  h,
+  isVNode,
+  onMounted,
+  shallowRef,
+  type AsyncComponentLoader,
+  type SetupContext
+} from 'vue'
 
 import {
   EXTERNAL_URL_RE,
@@ -116,7 +123,7 @@ export function defineClientComponent(
   cb?: () => Awaitable<void>
 ) {
   return {
-    setup() {
+    setup(_: unknown, { slots }: SetupContext) {
       const comp = shallowRef()
       onMounted(async () => {
         let res = await loader()
@@ -127,7 +134,23 @@ export function defineClientComponent(
         comp.value = res
         await cb?.()
       })
-      return () => (comp.value ? h(comp.value, ...(args ?? [])) : null)
+      return () => {
+        if (!comp.value) return null
+
+        const props = args?.[0]
+        // Forward slots unless args already supply children in an h() overload.
+        if (
+          (!args || args.length < 2) &&
+          (props == null ||
+            (typeof props === 'object' &&
+              !Array.isArray(props) &&
+              !isVNode(props)))
+        ) {
+          return h(comp.value, props, slots)
+        }
+
+        return h(comp.value, ...(args ?? []))
+      }
     }
   }
 }
diff --git a/src/client/theme-default/components/VPFlyout.vue b/src/client/theme-default/components/VPFlyout.vue
index be1b8d68b..419a7f8a1 100644
--- a/src/client/theme-default/components/VPFlyout.vue
+++ b/src/client/theme-default/components/VPFlyout.vue
@@ -167,7 +167,7 @@ useEventListener('pointerdown', (e) => {
 .text {
   display: flex;
   align-items: center;
-  line-height: var(--vp-nav-height);
+  line-height: 1.5;
   font-size: 0.875rem;
   font-weight: 500;
   color: var(--vp-c-text-1);
diff --git a/src/client/theme-default/components/VPHero.vue b/src/client/theme-default/components/VPHero.vue
index d6586235a..f594d8ae7 100644
--- a/src/client/theme-default/components/VPHero.vue
+++ b/src/client/theme-default/components/VPHero.vue
@@ -305,6 +305,7 @@ const { heroImageSlotExists } = inject(
   width: 12rem;
   height: 12rem;
   background-image: var(--vp-home-hero-image-background-image);
+  will-change: filter;
   filter: var(--vp-home-hero-image-filter);
   transform: translate(-50%, -50%);
 }
diff --git a/src/client/theme-default/components/VPImage.vue b/src/client/theme-default/components/VPImage.vue
index e2d606210..fb04af238 100644
--- a/src/client/theme-default/components/VPImage.vue
+++ b/src/client/theme-default/components/VPImage.vue
@@ -23,13 +23,13 @@ defineOptions({ inheritAttrs: false })
       <VPImage
         class="dark"
         :image="image.dark"
-        :alt="image.alt"
+        :alt="alt ?? image.alt"
         v-bind="$attrs"
       />
       <VPImage
         class="light"
         :image="image.light"
-        :alt="image.alt"
+        :alt="alt ?? image.alt"
         v-bind="$attrs"
       />
     </template>
diff --git a/src/client/theme-default/styles/components/vp-doc.css b/src/client/theme-default/styles/components/vp-doc.css
index ec6a34692..a5ba52f7c 100644
--- a/src/client/theme-default/styles/components/vp-doc.css
+++ b/src/client/theme-default/styles/components/vp-doc.css
@@ -439,6 +439,7 @@
 }
 
 .vp-doc [class*='language-'] .has-focused-lines .line:not(.has-focus) {
+  will-change: filter;
   filter: blur(0.095rem);
   opacity: 0.4;
   transition:
diff --git a/src/node/markdown/plugins/containers.ts b/src/node/markdown/plugins/containers.ts
index 88c7c87bc..1e8925ebd 100644
--- a/src/node/markdown/plugins/containers.ts
+++ b/src/node/markdown/plugins/containers.ts
@@ -138,7 +138,13 @@ function createOpenRender(
     if (noTitle) return `<div ${renderedAttrs}>\n`
     const title = md.renderInline(
       info || titlesFor(titles, env.localeIndex)[name],
-      { references: env.references, frontmatter: env.frontmatter }
+      {
+        references: env.references,
+        frontmatter: env.frontmatter,
+        cleanUrls: env.cleanUrls,
+        relativePath: env.relativePath,
+        relativizeUrls: env.relativizeUrls
+      }
     )
     if (name === 'details')
       return `<details ${renderedAttrs}><summary>${title}</summary>\n`
diff --git a/src/node/markdownToVue.ts b/src/node/markdownToVue.ts
index e21e27a32..06ce309bd 100644
--- a/src/node/markdownToVue.ts
+++ b/src/node/markdownToVue.ts
@@ -59,7 +59,9 @@ export function clearCache(relativePath?: string) {
     return
   }
 
-  cache.find((_, key) => key.endsWith(`:${relativePath}`) && cache.delete(key))
+  for (const key of cache.keys()) {
+    if (key.endsWith(`:${relativePath}`)) cache.delete(key)
+  }
 }
 
 function normalizeDriveLetter(file: string) {