diff --git a/__tests__/e2e/data-loading/basic.data.mts b/__tests__/e2e/data-loading/basic.data.mts
index 1a70d74a..305551c0 100644
--- a/__tests__/e2e/data-loading/basic.data.mts
+++ b/__tests__/e2e/data-loading/basic.data.mts
@@ -7,14 +7,10 @@ export declare const data: Data
 export default defineLoader({
   watch: ['./data/*'],
   async load(files: string[]): Promise<Data> {
-    const foo = fs.readFileSync(
-      files.find((f) => f.endsWith('foo.json'))!,
-      'utf-8'
-    )
-    const bar = fs.readFileSync(
-      files.find((f) => f.endsWith('bar.json'))!,
-      'utf-8'
-    )
-    return [JSON.parse(foo), JSON.parse(bar)]
+    const data: Data = []
+    for (const file of files.sort().filter((file) => file.endsWith('.json'))) {
+      data.push(JSON.parse(fs.readFileSync(file, 'utf-8')))
+    }
+    return data
   }
 })
diff --git a/__tests__/e2e/data-loading/data.test.ts b/__tests__/e2e/data-loading/data.test.ts
index f12e9766..fafc403a 100644
--- a/__tests__/e2e/data-loading/data.test.ts
+++ b/__tests__/e2e/data-loading/data.test.ts
@@ -1,3 +1,6 @@
+import fs from 'node:fs/promises'
+import { fileURLToPath } from 'node:url'
+
 describe('static data file support in vite 3', () => {
   beforeAll(async () => {
     await goto('/data-loading/data')
@@ -7,10 +10,10 @@ describe('static data file support in vite 3', () => {
     expect(await page.textContent('pre#basic')).toMatchInlineSnapshot(`
       "[
         {
-          "foo": true
+          "a": true
         },
         {
-          "bar": true
+          "b": true
         }
       ]"
     `)
@@ -39,4 +42,67 @@ describe('static data file support in vite 3', () => {
       ]"
     `)
   })
+
+  test.runIf(!process.env.VITE_TEST_BUILD)('hmr works', async () => {
+    const a = fileURLToPath(new URL('./data/a.json', import.meta.url))
+    const b = fileURLToPath(new URL('./data/b.json', import.meta.url))
+
+    try {
+      await fs.writeFile(a, JSON.stringify({ a: false }, null, 2) + '\n')
+      await page.waitForFunction(
+        () =>
+          document.querySelector('pre#basic')?.textContent ===
+          JSON.stringify([{ a: false }, { b: true }], null, 2),
+        undefined,
+        { timeout: 3000 }
+      )
+    } finally {
+      await fs.writeFile(a, JSON.stringify({ a: true }, null, 2) + '\n')
+    }
+
+    let err = true
+
+    try {
+      await fs.unlink(b)
+      await page.waitForFunction(
+        () =>
+          document.querySelector('pre#basic')?.textContent ===
+          JSON.stringify([{ a: true }], null, 2),
+        undefined,
+        { timeout: 3000 }
+      )
+      err = false
+    } finally {
+      if (err) {
+        await fs.writeFile(b, JSON.stringify({ b: true }, null, 2) + '\n')
+      }
+    }
+
+    try {
+      await fs.writeFile(b, JSON.stringify({ b: false }, null, 2) + '\n')
+      await page.waitForFunction(
+        () =>
+          document.querySelector('pre#basic')?.textContent ===
+          JSON.stringify([{ a: true }, { b: false }], null, 2),
+        undefined,
+        { timeout: 3000 }
+      )
+    } finally {
+      await fs.writeFile(b, JSON.stringify({ b: true }, null, 2) + '\n')
+    }
+  })
+
+  /*
+    MODIFY a.json with { a: false }
+    this should trigger a hmr update and the content should be updated to [{ a: false }, { b: true }]
+    reset a.json
+
+    DELETE b.json
+    this should trigger a hmr update and the content should be updated to [{ a: true }]
+    reset b.json if failed
+
+    CREATE b.json with { b: false }
+    this should trigger a hmr update and the content should be updated to [{ a: true }, { b: false }]
+    reset b.json
+  */
 })
diff --git a/__tests__/e2e/data-loading/data/a.json b/__tests__/e2e/data-loading/data/a.json
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..eb174f2f
--- /dev/null
+++ b/__tests__/e2e/data-loading/data/a.json
@@ -0,0 +1,3 @@
+{
+  "a": true
+}
diff --git a/__tests__/e2e/data-loading/data/b.json b/__tests__/e2e/data-loading/data/b.json
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..d44f4ab8
--- /dev/null
+++ b/__tests__/e2e/data-loading/data/b.json
@@ -0,0 +1,3 @@
+{
+  "b": true
+}
diff --git a/__tests__/e2e/data-loading/data/bar.json b/__tests__/e2e/data-loading/data/bar.json
deleted file mode 100644
index 01309803..00000000
--- a/__tests__/e2e/data-loading/data/bar.json
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1 +0,0 @@
-{ "bar": true }
diff --git a/__tests__/e2e/data-loading/data/foo.json b/__tests__/e2e/data-loading/data/foo.json
deleted file mode 100644
index 46a10aa7..00000000
--- a/__tests__/e2e/data-loading/data/foo.json
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1 +0,0 @@
-{ "foo": true }
diff --git a/src/node/plugins/staticDataPlugin.ts b/src/node/plugins/staticDataPlugin.ts
index 283a5138..1d8d231f 100644
--- a/src/node/plugins/staticDataPlugin.ts
+++ b/src/node/plugins/staticDataPlugin.ts
@@ -121,7 +121,7 @@ export const staticDataPlugin: Plugin = {
   },
 
   transform(_code, id) {
-    if (server && loaderMatch.test(id)) {
+    if (server && loaderMatch.test(id) && '_importGlobMap' in server) {
       // register this module as a glob importer
       const { watch } = idToLoaderModulesMap[id]!
       if (watch) {