diff --git a/docs/en/guide/markdown.md b/docs/en/guide/markdown.md
index c3342474..e1be3e6b 100644
--- a/docs/en/guide/markdown.md
+++ b/docs/en/guide/markdown.md
@@ -365,7 +365,7 @@ export default {
 
 A [list of valid languages](https://shiki.style/languages) is available on Shiki's repository.
 
-You may also customize syntax highlight theme in app config. Please see [`markdown` options](../reference/site-config#markdown) for more details.
+You may also customize syntax highlight theme, configure language aliases, and set custom language labels in app config. Please see [`markdown` options](../reference/site-config#markdown) for more details.
 
 ## Line Highlighting in Code Blocks
 
diff --git a/docs/zh/guide/markdown.md b/docs/zh/guide/markdown.md
index cda368ee..a401774c 100644
--- a/docs/zh/guide/markdown.md
+++ b/docs/zh/guide/markdown.md
@@ -343,7 +343,7 @@ export default {
 
 在 Shiki 的代码仓库中，可以找到[合法的编程语言列表](https://shiki.style/languages)。
 
-还可以全局配置中自定义语法高亮主题。有关详细信息，参见 [`markdown` 选项](../reference/site-config#markdown)得到更多信息。
+还可以在全局配置中自定义语法高亮主题、配置语言别名和自定义语言标签。有关详细信息，参见 [`markdown` 选项](../reference/site-config#markdown)得到更多信息。
 
 ## 在代码块中实现行高亮 {#line-highlighting-in-code-blocks}
 
diff --git a/src/node/markdown/markdown.ts b/src/node/markdown/markdown.ts
index 7e6d09e8..be4b8250 100644
--- a/src/node/markdown/markdown.ts
+++ b/src/node/markdown/markdown.ts
@@ -87,12 +87,37 @@ export interface MarkdownOptions extends Options {
    */
   languages?: (LanguageInput | BuiltinLanguage)[]
   /**
-   * Custom language aliases.
+   * Custom language aliases for syntax highlighting.
+   * Maps custom language names to existing languages.
+   * Alias lookup is case-insensitive and underscores in language names are displayed as spaces.
+   *
+   * @example
+   *
+   * Maps `my_lang` to use Python syntax highlighting.
+   * ```js
+   * { 'my_lang': 'python' }
+   * ```
+   *
+   * Usage in markdown:
+   * ````md
+   * ```My_Lang
+   * # This will be highlighted as Python code
+   * # and will show "My Lang" as the language label
+   * print("Hello, World!")
+   * ```
+   * ````
    *
-   * @example { 'my-lang': 'js' }
    * @see https://shiki.style/guide/load-lang#custom-language-aliases
    */
   languageAlias?: Record<string, string>
+  /**
+   * Custom language labels for display.
+   * Overrides the default language label shown in code blocks.
+   * Keys are case-insensitive.
+   *
+   * @example { 'vue': 'Vue SFC' }
+   */
+  languageLabel?: Record<string, string>
   /**
    * Show line numbers in code blocks
    * @default false
@@ -249,7 +274,10 @@ export async function createMarkdownRenderer(
   // custom plugins
   md.use(componentPlugin, { ...options.component })
     .use(highlightLinePlugin)
-    .use(preWrapperPlugin, { codeCopyButtonTitle })
+    .use(preWrapperPlugin, {
+      codeCopyButtonTitle,
+      languageLabel: options.languageLabel
+    })
     .use(snippetPlugin, srcDir)
     .use(containerPlugin, options.container)
     .use(imagePlugin, options.image)
diff --git a/src/node/markdown/plugins/highlight.ts b/src/node/markdown/plugins/highlight.ts
index f1285ed7..8f427823 100644
--- a/src/node/markdown/plugins/highlight.ts
+++ b/src/node/markdown/plugins/highlight.ts
@@ -59,16 +59,18 @@ export async function highlight(
     codeTransformers: userTransformers = []
   } = options
 
+  const langAlias = Object.fromEntries(
+    Object.entries(options.languageAlias || {}) //
+      .map(([k, v]) => [k.toLowerCase(), v])
+  )
+
   const highlighter = await createHighlighter({
     themes:
       typeof theme === 'object' && 'light' in theme && 'dark' in theme
         ? [theme.light, theme.dark]
         : [theme],
-    langs: [
-      ...(options.languages || []),
-      ...Object.values(options.languageAlias || {})
-    ],
-    langAlias: options.languageAlias
+    langs: [...(options.languages || []), ...Object.values(langAlias)],
+    langAlias
   })
 
   await options?.shikiSetup?.(highlighter)
diff --git a/src/node/markdown/plugins/preWrapper.ts b/src/node/markdown/plugins/preWrapper.ts
index e7d553b3..b75fa618 100644
--- a/src/node/markdown/plugins/preWrapper.ts
+++ b/src/node/markdown/plugins/preWrapper.ts
@@ -2,9 +2,15 @@ import type { MarkdownItAsync } from 'markdown-it-async'
 
 export interface Options {
   codeCopyButtonTitle: string
+  languageLabel?: Record<string, string>
 }
 
 export function preWrapperPlugin(md: MarkdownItAsync, options: Options) {
+  const langLabel = Object.fromEntries(
+    Object.entries(options.languageLabel || {}) //
+      .map(([k, v]) => [k.toLowerCase(), v])
+  )
+
   const fence = md.renderer.rules.fence!
   md.renderer.rules.fence = (...args) => {
     const [tokens, idx] = args
@@ -17,11 +23,12 @@ export function preWrapperPlugin(md: MarkdownItAsync, options: Options) {
     token.info = token.info.replace(/ active$/, '').replace(/ active /, ' ')
 
     const lang = extractLang(token.info)
+    const label = langLabel[lang.toLowerCase()] || lang.replace(/_/g, ' ')
 
     return (
       `<div class="language-${lang}${active}">` +
       `<button title="${options.codeCopyButtonTitle}" class="copy"></button>` +
-      `<span class="lang">${lang}</span>` +
+      `<span class="lang">${label}</span>` +
       fence(...args) +
       '</div>'
     )