From faf18220e069f5a8765ce51f325620bd9da43b44 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: Rich Harris <rich.harris@vercel.com>
Date: Wed, 21 May 2025 21:16:52 -0400
Subject: [PATCH] optimise for the common case

---
 .../client/transform-template/to-functions.js |  14 +-
 .../src/internal/client/dom/template.js       |  31 ++--
 .../svelte/src/internal/client/dom/types.d.ts |   4 +
 .../client-functional/index.svelte.js         |   2 +-
 .../client-functional/main.svelte.js          |  12 +-
 .../client-functional/index.svelte.js         |   2 +-
 .../client-functional/index.svelte.js         |   2 +-
 .../client-functional/index.svelte.js         |   2 +-
 .../client-functional/index.svelte.js         |   8 +-
 .../client-functional/index.svelte.js         |   2 +-
 .../client-functional/index.svelte.js         | 139 ++++++++----------
 .../client-functional/index.svelte.js         |   6 +-
 .../client-functional/index.svelte.js         |   2 +-
 13 files changed, 107 insertions(+), 119 deletions(-)
 create mode 100644 packages/svelte/src/internal/client/dom/types.d.ts

diff --git a/packages/svelte/src/compiler/phases/3-transform/client/transform-template/to-functions.js b/packages/svelte/src/compiler/phases/3-transform/client/transform-template/to-functions.js
index c9128591cd..176a4ddf2f 100644
--- a/packages/svelte/src/compiler/phases/3-transform/client/transform-template/to-functions.js
+++ b/packages/svelte/src/compiler/phases/3-transform/client/transform-template/to-functions.js
@@ -19,14 +19,14 @@ export function template_to_functions(items) {
 function build(item) {
 	switch (item.type) {
 		case 'element': {
-			const element = b.object([b.prop('init', b.id('e'), b.literal(item.name))]);
+			const element = b.array([b.literal(item.name)]);
 
-			const attributes = b.prop('init', b.id('p'), b.object([]));
+			const attributes = b.object([]);
 
 			for (const key in item.attributes) {
 				const value = item.attributes[key];
 
-				attributes.value.properties.push(
+				attributes.properties.push(
 					b.prop(
 						'init',
 						b.key(fix_attribute_casing(key)),
@@ -35,13 +35,13 @@ function build(item) {
 				);
 			}
 
-			if (attributes.value.properties.length > 0) {
-				element.properties.push(attributes);
+			if (attributes.properties.length > 0 || item.children.length > 0) {
+				element.elements.push(attributes.properties.length > 0 ? attributes : b.null);
 			}
 
 			if (item.children.length > 0) {
 				const children = item.children.map(build);
-				element.properties.push(b.prop('init', b.id('c'), b.array(children)));
+				element.elements.push(...children);
 
 				// special case — strip leading newline from `<pre>` and `<textarea>`
 				if (item.name === 'pre' || item.name === 'textarea') {
@@ -59,7 +59,7 @@ function build(item) {
 		}
 
 		case 'anchor': {
-			return item.data ? b.array([b.literal(item.data)]) : null;
+			return item.data ? b.array([b.literal(`// ${item.data}`)]) : null;
 		}
 
 		case 'text': {
diff --git a/packages/svelte/src/internal/client/dom/template.js b/packages/svelte/src/internal/client/dom/template.js
index 21ab64574d..34591933b7 100644
--- a/packages/svelte/src/internal/client/dom/template.js
+++ b/packages/svelte/src/internal/client/dom/template.js
@@ -1,4 +1,5 @@
 /** @import { Effect, TemplateNode } from '#client' */
+/** @import { TemplateStructure } from './types' */
 import { hydrate_next, hydrate_node, hydrating, set_hydrate_node } from './hydration.js';
 import {
 	create_text,
@@ -76,46 +77,44 @@ export function template(content, flags) {
 		return clone;
 	};
 }
-
 /**
- * @typedef {{e: string, p: Record<string, string>, c: Array<TemplateStructure>} | undefined | string | [string]} TemplateStructure
- */
-
-/**
- * @param {Array<TemplateStructure>} structure
+ * @param {TemplateStructure[]} structure
  * @param {NAMESPACE_SVG | NAMESPACE_MATHML | undefined} [ns]
  */
 function structure_to_fragment(structure, ns) {
 	var fragment = create_fragment();
 
 	for (var item of structure) {
-		if (item === undefined || Array.isArray(item)) {
-			fragment.append(create_comment(item ? item[0] : ''));
+		if (typeof item === 'string') {
+			fragment.append(create_text(item));
 			continue;
 		}
 
-		if (typeof item === 'string') {
-			fragment.append(create_text(item));
+		// if `preserveComments === true`, comments are represented as `['// <data>']`
+		if (item === undefined || item[0][0] === '/') {
+			fragment.append(create_comment(item ? item[0].slice(3) : ''));
 			continue;
 		}
 
+		const [name, attributes, ...children] = item;
+
 		/** @type {NAMESPACE_SVG | NAMESPACE_MATHML | undefined}  */
-		let namespace = item.e === 'svg' ? NAMESPACE_SVG : item.e === 'math' ? NAMESPACE_MATHML : ns;
+		let namespace = name === 'svg' ? NAMESPACE_SVG : name === 'math' ? NAMESPACE_MATHML : ns;
 
-		var element = create_element(item.e, namespace, item.p?.is);
+		var element = create_element(name, namespace, attributes?.is);
 
-		for (var key in item.p) {
-			set_attribute(element, key, item.p[key]);
+		for (var key in attributes) {
+			set_attribute(element, key, attributes[key]);
 		}
 
-		if (item.c) {
+		if (children.length > 0) {
 			var target =
 				element.tagName === 'TEMPLATE'
 					? /** @type {HTMLTemplateElement} */ (element).content
 					: element;
 
 			target.append(
-				structure_to_fragment(item.c, element.tagName === 'foreignObject' ? undefined : namespace)
+				structure_to_fragment(children, element.tagName === 'foreignObject' ? undefined : namespace)
 			);
 		}
 
diff --git a/packages/svelte/src/internal/client/dom/types.d.ts b/packages/svelte/src/internal/client/dom/types.d.ts
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..bc3525919b
--- /dev/null
+++ b/packages/svelte/src/internal/client/dom/types.d.ts
@@ -0,0 +1,4 @@
+export type TemplateStructure =
+	| string
+	| undefined
+	| [string, Record<string, string> | undefined, ...TemplateStructure[]];
diff --git a/packages/svelte/tests/snapshot/samples/await-block-scope/_expected/client-functional/index.svelte.js b/packages/svelte/tests/snapshot/samples/await-block-scope/_expected/client-functional/index.svelte.js
index 44b0cd1557..a047ccdcd5 100644
--- a/packages/svelte/tests/snapshot/samples/await-block-scope/_expected/client-functional/index.svelte.js
+++ b/packages/svelte/tests/snapshot/samples/await-block-scope/_expected/client-functional/index.svelte.js
@@ -5,7 +5,7 @@ function increment(_, counter) {
 	counter.count += 1;
 }
 
-var root = $.template_fn([{ e: 'button', c: [' '] }, ' ', , ' '], 1);
+var root = $.template_fn([['button', null, ' '], ' ', , ' '], 1);
 
 export default function Await_block_scope($$anchor) {
 	let counter = $.proxy({ count: 0 });
diff --git a/packages/svelte/tests/snapshot/samples/dynamic-attributes-casing/_expected/client-functional/main.svelte.js b/packages/svelte/tests/snapshot/samples/dynamic-attributes-casing/_expected/client-functional/main.svelte.js
index 6bf2d77a00..6619d46cf0 100644
--- a/packages/svelte/tests/snapshot/samples/dynamic-attributes-casing/_expected/client-functional/main.svelte.js
+++ b/packages/svelte/tests/snapshot/samples/dynamic-attributes-casing/_expected/client-functional/main.svelte.js
@@ -3,17 +3,17 @@ import * as $ from 'svelte/internal/client';
 
 var root = $.template_fn(
 	[
-		{ e: 'div' },
+		['div'],
 		' ',
-		{ e: 'svg' },
+		['svg'],
 		' ',
-		{ e: 'custom-element' },
+		['custom-element'],
 		' ',
-		{ e: 'div' },
+		['div'],
 		' ',
-		{ e: 'svg' },
+		['svg'],
 		' ',
-		{ e: 'custom-element' }
+		['custom-element']
 	],
 	3
 );
diff --git a/packages/svelte/tests/snapshot/samples/each-index-non-null/_expected/client-functional/index.svelte.js b/packages/svelte/tests/snapshot/samples/each-index-non-null/_expected/client-functional/index.svelte.js
index e75865e9cb..d8e7670a6b 100644
--- a/packages/svelte/tests/snapshot/samples/each-index-non-null/_expected/client-functional/index.svelte.js
+++ b/packages/svelte/tests/snapshot/samples/each-index-non-null/_expected/client-functional/index.svelte.js
@@ -2,7 +2,7 @@ import 'svelte/internal/disclose-version';
 import 'svelte/internal/flags/legacy';
 import * as $ from 'svelte/internal/client';
 
-var root_1 = $.template_fn([{ e: 'p' }]);
+var root_1 = $.template_fn([['p']]);
 
 export default function Each_index_non_null($$anchor) {
 	var fragment = $.comment();
diff --git a/packages/svelte/tests/snapshot/samples/hello-world/_expected/client-functional/index.svelte.js b/packages/svelte/tests/snapshot/samples/hello-world/_expected/client-functional/index.svelte.js
index 3cc4971883..dd5e9cbdc6 100644
--- a/packages/svelte/tests/snapshot/samples/hello-world/_expected/client-functional/index.svelte.js
+++ b/packages/svelte/tests/snapshot/samples/hello-world/_expected/client-functional/index.svelte.js
@@ -2,7 +2,7 @@ import 'svelte/internal/disclose-version';
 import 'svelte/internal/flags/legacy';
 import * as $ from 'svelte/internal/client';
 
-var root = $.template_fn([{ e: 'h1', c: ['hello world'] }]);
+var root = $.template_fn([['h1', null, 'hello world']]);
 
 export default function Hello_world($$anchor) {
 	var h1 = root();
diff --git a/packages/svelte/tests/snapshot/samples/hmr/_expected/client-functional/index.svelte.js b/packages/svelte/tests/snapshot/samples/hmr/_expected/client-functional/index.svelte.js
index d5bb01474c..57ae1b6ccc 100644
--- a/packages/svelte/tests/snapshot/samples/hmr/_expected/client-functional/index.svelte.js
+++ b/packages/svelte/tests/snapshot/samples/hmr/_expected/client-functional/index.svelte.js
@@ -2,7 +2,7 @@ import 'svelte/internal/disclose-version';
 import 'svelte/internal/flags/legacy';
 import * as $ from 'svelte/internal/client';
 
-var root = $.template_fn([{ e: 'h1', c: ['hello world'] }]);
+var root = $.template_fn([['h1', null, 'hello world']]);
 
 function Hmr($$anchor) {
 	var h1 = root();
diff --git a/packages/svelte/tests/snapshot/samples/nullish-coallescence-omittance/_expected/client-functional/index.svelte.js b/packages/svelte/tests/snapshot/samples/nullish-coallescence-omittance/_expected/client-functional/index.svelte.js
index d8922a1d5c..a92c258fd1 100644
--- a/packages/svelte/tests/snapshot/samples/nullish-coallescence-omittance/_expected/client-functional/index.svelte.js
+++ b/packages/svelte/tests/snapshot/samples/nullish-coallescence-omittance/_expected/client-functional/index.svelte.js
@@ -5,13 +5,13 @@ var on_click = (_, count) => $.update(count);
 
 var root = $.template_fn(
 	[
-		{ e: 'h1' },
+		['h1'],
 		' ',
-		{ e: 'b' },
+		['b'],
 		' ',
-		{ e: 'button', c: [' '] },
+		['button', null, ' '],
 		' ',
-		{ e: 'h1' }
+		['h1']
 	],
 	1
 );
diff --git a/packages/svelte/tests/snapshot/samples/purity/_expected/client-functional/index.svelte.js b/packages/svelte/tests/snapshot/samples/purity/_expected/client-functional/index.svelte.js
index 9cccfdcbd3..934dd56bd5 100644
--- a/packages/svelte/tests/snapshot/samples/purity/_expected/client-functional/index.svelte.js
+++ b/packages/svelte/tests/snapshot/samples/purity/_expected/client-functional/index.svelte.js
@@ -2,7 +2,7 @@ import 'svelte/internal/disclose-version';
 import 'svelte/internal/flags/legacy';
 import * as $ from 'svelte/internal/client';
 
-var root = $.template_fn([{ e: 'p' }, ' ', { e: 'p' }, ' ', ,], 1);
+var root = $.template_fn([['p'], ' ', ['p'], ' ', ,], 1);
 
 export default function Purity($$anchor) {
 	var fragment = root();
diff --git a/packages/svelte/tests/snapshot/samples/skip-static-subtree/_expected/client-functional/index.svelte.js b/packages/svelte/tests/snapshot/samples/skip-static-subtree/_expected/client-functional/index.svelte.js
index e4647c0c39..30f71bedb6 100644
--- a/packages/svelte/tests/snapshot/samples/skip-static-subtree/_expected/client-functional/index.svelte.js
+++ b/packages/svelte/tests/snapshot/samples/skip-static-subtree/_expected/client-functional/index.svelte.js
@@ -3,92 +3,77 @@ import * as $ from 'svelte/internal/client';
 
 var root = $.template_fn(
 	[
-		{
-			e: 'header',
-			c: [
-				{
-					e: 'nav',
-					c: [
-						{ e: 'a', p: { href: '/' }, c: ['Home'] },
-						' ',
-						{
-							e: 'a',
-							p: { href: '/away' },
-							c: ['Away']
-						}
-					]
-				}
-			]
-		},
-		' ',
-		{
-			e: 'main',
-			c: [
-				{ e: 'h1', c: [' '] },
-				' ',
-				{
-					e: 'div',
-					p: { class: 'static' },
-					c: [
-						{
-							e: 'p',
-							c: ['we don\'t need to traverse these nodes']
-						}
-					]
-				},
-				' ',
-				{ e: 'p', c: ['or'] },
-				' ',
-				{ e: 'p', c: ['these'] },
-				' ',
-				{ e: 'p', c: ['ones'] },
-				' ',
-				,
+		[
+			'header',
+			null,
+			[
+				'nav',
+				null,
+				['a', { href: '/' }, 'Home'],
 				' ',
-				{ e: 'p', c: ['these'] },
-				' ',
-				{ e: 'p', c: ['trailing'] },
-				' ',
-				{ e: 'p', c: ['nodes'] },
-				' ',
-				{ e: 'p', c: ['can'] },
-				' ',
-				{ e: 'p', c: ['be'] },
-				' ',
-				{ e: 'p', c: ['completely'] },
-				' ',
-				{ e: 'p', c: ['ignored'] }
+				['a', { href: '/away' }, 'Away']
 			]
-		},
+		],
+		' ',
+		[
+			'main',
+			null,
+			['h1', null, ' '],
+			' ',
+			[
+				'div',
+				{ class: 'static' },
+				[
+					'p',
+					null,
+					'we don\'t need to traverse these nodes'
+				]
+			],
+			' ',
+			['p', null, 'or'],
+			' ',
+			['p', null, 'these'],
+			' ',
+			['p', null, 'ones'],
+			' ',
+			,
+			' ',
+			['p', null, 'these'],
+			' ',
+			['p', null, 'trailing'],
+			' ',
+			['p', null, 'nodes'],
+			' ',
+			['p', null, 'can'],
+			' ',
+			['p', null, 'be'],
+			' ',
+			['p', null, 'completely'],
+			' ',
+			['p', null, 'ignored']
+		],
 		' ',
-		{
-			e: 'cant-skip',
-			c: [{ e: 'custom-elements' }]
-		},
+		['cant-skip', null, ['custom-elements']],
 		' ',
-		{ e: 'div', c: [{ e: 'input' }] },
+		['div', null, ['input']],
 		' ',
-		{ e: 'div', c: [{ e: 'source' }] },
+		['div', null, ['source']],
 		' ',
-		{
-			e: 'select',
-			c: [{ e: 'option', c: ['a'] }]
-		},
+		['select', null, ['option', null, 'a']],
 		' ',
-		{
-			e: 'img',
-			p: { src: '...', alt: '', loading: 'lazy' }
-		},
+		[
+			'img',
+			{ src: '...', alt: '', loading: 'lazy' }
+		],
 		' ',
-		{
-			e: 'div',
-			c: [
-				{
-					e: 'img',
-					p: { src: '...', alt: '', loading: 'lazy' }
-				}
+		[
+			'div',
+			null,
+			[
+				'img',
+				{ src: '...', alt: '', loading: 'lazy' }
 			]
-		}
+		]
 	],
 	3
 );
diff --git a/packages/svelte/tests/snapshot/samples/state-proxy-literal/_expected/client-functional/index.svelte.js b/packages/svelte/tests/snapshot/samples/state-proxy-literal/_expected/client-functional/index.svelte.js
index 2be761b88d..191523bcba 100644
--- a/packages/svelte/tests/snapshot/samples/state-proxy-literal/_expected/client-functional/index.svelte.js
+++ b/packages/svelte/tests/snapshot/samples/state-proxy-literal/_expected/client-functional/index.svelte.js
@@ -10,11 +10,11 @@ function reset(_, str, tpl) {
 
 var root = $.template_fn(
 	[
-		{ e: 'input' },
+		['input'],
 		' ',
-		{ e: 'input' },
+		['input'],
 		' ',
-		{ e: 'button', c: ['reset'] }
+		['button', null, 'reset']
 	],
 	1
 );
diff --git a/packages/svelte/tests/snapshot/samples/text-nodes-deriveds/_expected/client-functional/index.svelte.js b/packages/svelte/tests/snapshot/samples/text-nodes-deriveds/_expected/client-functional/index.svelte.js
index 9176f1ab92..4c99f6e204 100644
--- a/packages/svelte/tests/snapshot/samples/text-nodes-deriveds/_expected/client-functional/index.svelte.js
+++ b/packages/svelte/tests/snapshot/samples/text-nodes-deriveds/_expected/client-functional/index.svelte.js
@@ -1,7 +1,7 @@
 import 'svelte/internal/disclose-version';
 import * as $ from 'svelte/internal/client';
 
-var root = $.template_fn([{ e: 'p', c: [' '] }]);
+var root = $.template_fn([['p', null, ' ']]);
 
 export default function Text_nodes_deriveds($$anchor) {
 	let count1 = 0;