From c66a43940aee4c24f4c003a50b433e64d316e40a Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: 7nik <kfiiranet@gmail.com>
Date: Tue, 20 May 2025 17:50:54 +0300
Subject: [PATCH] feat: warn on implicitly closed tags (#15932)

* warn on implicitly closed tags

* lint

* changeset

* separate tests for parent/sibling case

* account for attributes in opening tag

* tweak

* update message

---------

Co-authored-by: 7nik <kifiranet@gmail.com>
Co-authored-by: Rich Harris <rich.harris@vercel.com>
---
 .changeset/blue-experts-tell.md               |  5 ++++
 .../.generated/compile-warnings.md            | 19 ++++++++++++++
 .../messages/compile-warnings/template.md     | 17 ++++++++++++
 .../compiler/phases/1-parse/state/element.js  | 13 +++++++++-
 packages/svelte/src/compiler/warnings.js      | 11 ++++++++
 .../implicitly-closed-by-parent/input.svelte  |  6 +++++
 .../implicitly-closed-by-parent/warnings.json | 26 +++++++++++++++++++
 .../implicitly-closed-by-sibling/input.svelte |  9 +++++++
 .../warnings.json                             | 26 +++++++++++++++++++
 9 files changed, 131 insertions(+), 1 deletion(-)
 create mode 100644 .changeset/blue-experts-tell.md
 create mode 100644 packages/svelte/tests/validator/samples/implicitly-closed-by-parent/input.svelte
 create mode 100644 packages/svelte/tests/validator/samples/implicitly-closed-by-parent/warnings.json
 create mode 100644 packages/svelte/tests/validator/samples/implicitly-closed-by-sibling/input.svelte
 create mode 100644 packages/svelte/tests/validator/samples/implicitly-closed-by-sibling/warnings.json

diff --git a/.changeset/blue-experts-tell.md b/.changeset/blue-experts-tell.md
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..a12fb126d1
--- /dev/null
+++ b/.changeset/blue-experts-tell.md
@@ -0,0 +1,5 @@
+---
+'svelte': minor
+---
+
+feat: warn on implicitly closed tags
diff --git a/documentation/docs/98-reference/.generated/compile-warnings.md b/documentation/docs/98-reference/.generated/compile-warnings.md
index 7069f90206..b579d38602 100644
--- a/documentation/docs/98-reference/.generated/compile-warnings.md
+++ b/documentation/docs/98-reference/.generated/compile-warnings.md
@@ -632,6 +632,25 @@ In some situations a selector may target an element that is not 'visible' to the
 </style>
 ```
 
+### element_implicitly_closed
+
+```
+This element is implicitly closed by the following `%tag%`, which can cause an unexpected DOM structure. Add an explicit `%closing%` to avoid surprises.
+```
+
+In HTML, some elements are implicitly closed by another element. For example, you cannot nest a `<p>` inside another `<p>`:
+
+```html
+<!-- this HTML... -->
+<p><p>hello</p>
+
+<!-- results in this DOM structure -->
+<p></p>
+<p>hello</p>
+```
+
+Similarly, a parent element's closing tag will implicitly close all child elements, even if the `</` was a typo and you meant to create a _new_ element. To avoid ambiguity, it's always a good idea to have an explicit closing tag.
+
 ### element_invalid_self_closing_tag
 
 ```
diff --git a/packages/svelte/messages/compile-warnings/template.md b/packages/svelte/messages/compile-warnings/template.md
index c1675e5995..d61a61d950 100644
--- a/packages/svelte/messages/compile-warnings/template.md
+++ b/packages/svelte/messages/compile-warnings/template.md
@@ -30,6 +30,23 @@
 
 > `<%name%>` will be treated as an HTML element unless it begins with a capital letter
 
+## element_implicitly_closed
+
+> This element is implicitly closed by the following `%tag%`, which can cause an unexpected DOM structure. Add an explicit `%closing%` to avoid surprises.
+
+In HTML, some elements are implicitly closed by another element. For example, you cannot nest a `<p>` inside another `<p>`:
+
+```html
+<!-- this HTML... -->
+<p><p>hello</p>
+
+<!-- results in this DOM structure -->
+<p></p>
+<p>hello</p>
+```
+
+Similarly, a parent element's closing tag will implicitly close all child elements, even if the `</` was a typo and you meant to create a _new_ element. To avoid ambiguity, it's always a good idea to have an explicit closing tag.
+
 ## element_invalid_self_closing_tag
 
 > Self-closing HTML tags for non-void elements are ambiguous — use `<%name% ...></%name%>` rather than `<%name% ... />`
diff --git a/packages/svelte/src/compiler/phases/1-parse/state/element.js b/packages/svelte/src/compiler/phases/1-parse/state/element.js
index d20369b0d9..6b6c9160d8 100644
--- a/packages/svelte/src/compiler/phases/1-parse/state/element.js
+++ b/packages/svelte/src/compiler/phases/1-parse/state/element.js
@@ -93,7 +93,16 @@ export default function element(parser) {
 				}
 			}
 
-			if (parent.type !== 'RegularElement' && !parser.loose) {
+			if (parent.type === 'RegularElement') {
+				if (!parser.last_auto_closed_tag || parser.last_auto_closed_tag.tag !== name) {
+					const end = parent.fragment.nodes[0]?.start ?? start;
+					w.element_implicitly_closed(
+						{ start: parent.start, end },
+						`</${name}>`,
+						`</${parent.name}>`
+					);
+				}
+			} else if (!parser.loose) {
 				if (parser.last_auto_closed_tag && parser.last_auto_closed_tag.tag === name) {
 					e.element_invalid_closing_tag_autoclosed(start, name, parser.last_auto_closed_tag.reason);
 				} else {
@@ -186,6 +195,8 @@ export default function element(parser) {
 	parser.allow_whitespace();
 
 	if (parent.type === 'RegularElement' && closing_tag_omitted(parent.name, name)) {
+		const end = parent.fragment.nodes[0]?.start ?? start;
+		w.element_implicitly_closed({ start: parent.start, end }, `<${name}>`, `</${parent.name}>`);
 		parent.end = start;
 		parser.pop();
 		parser.last_auto_closed_tag = {
diff --git a/packages/svelte/src/compiler/warnings.js b/packages/svelte/src/compiler/warnings.js
index c281433213..2a8316308c 100644
--- a/packages/svelte/src/compiler/warnings.js
+++ b/packages/svelte/src/compiler/warnings.js
@@ -114,6 +114,7 @@ export const codes = [
 	'bind_invalid_each_rest',
 	'block_empty',
 	'component_name_lowercase',
+	'element_implicitly_closed',
 	'element_invalid_self_closing_tag',
 	'event_directive_deprecated',
 	'node_invalid_placement_ssr',
@@ -746,6 +747,16 @@ export function component_name_lowercase(node, name) {
 	w(node, 'component_name_lowercase', `\`<${name}>\` will be treated as an HTML element unless it begins with a capital letter\nhttps://svelte.dev/e/component_name_lowercase`);
 }
 
+/**
+ * This element is implicitly closed by the following `%tag%`, which can cause an unexpected DOM structure. Add an explicit `%closing%` to avoid surprises.
+ * @param {null | NodeLike} node
+ * @param {string} tag
+ * @param {string} closing
+ */
+export function element_implicitly_closed(node, tag, closing) {
+	w(node, 'element_implicitly_closed', `This element is implicitly closed by the following \`${tag}\`, which can cause an unexpected DOM structure. Add an explicit \`${closing}\` to avoid surprises.\nhttps://svelte.dev/e/element_implicitly_closed`);
+}
+
 /**
  * Self-closing HTML tags for non-void elements are ambiguous — use `<%name% ...></%name%>` rather than `<%name% ... />`
  * @param {null | NodeLike} node
diff --git a/packages/svelte/tests/validator/samples/implicitly-closed-by-parent/input.svelte b/packages/svelte/tests/validator/samples/implicitly-closed-by-parent/input.svelte
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..f67eba18b8
--- /dev/null
+++ b/packages/svelte/tests/validator/samples/implicitly-closed-by-parent/input.svelte
@@ -0,0 +1,6 @@
+<main><div class="hello"></main>
+
+<main>
+	<div class="hello">
+		<p>hello</p>
+</main>
diff --git a/packages/svelte/tests/validator/samples/implicitly-closed-by-parent/warnings.json b/packages/svelte/tests/validator/samples/implicitly-closed-by-parent/warnings.json
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..1316a2b65b
--- /dev/null
+++ b/packages/svelte/tests/validator/samples/implicitly-closed-by-parent/warnings.json
@@ -0,0 +1,26 @@
+[
+	{
+		"code": "element_implicitly_closed",
+		"message": "This element is implicitly closed by the following `</main>`, which can cause an unexpected DOM structure. Add an explicit `</div>` to avoid surprises.",
+		"start": {
+			"line": 1,
+			"column": 6
+		},
+		"end": {
+			"line": 1,
+			"column": 25
+		}
+	},
+	{
+		"code": "element_implicitly_closed",
+		"message": "This element is implicitly closed by the following `</main>`, which can cause an unexpected DOM structure. Add an explicit `</div>` to avoid surprises.",
+		"start": {
+			"line": 4,
+			"column": 1
+		},
+		"end": {
+			"line": 4,
+			"column": 20
+		}
+	}
+]
diff --git a/packages/svelte/tests/validator/samples/implicitly-closed-by-sibling/input.svelte b/packages/svelte/tests/validator/samples/implicitly-closed-by-sibling/input.svelte
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..7721f2f380
--- /dev/null
+++ b/packages/svelte/tests/validator/samples/implicitly-closed-by-sibling/input.svelte
@@ -0,0 +1,9 @@
+<div>
+	<p class="hello">
+		<span></span>
+		<p></p>
+</div>
+
+<div>
+	<p class="hello"><p></p>
+</div>
diff --git a/packages/svelte/tests/validator/samples/implicitly-closed-by-sibling/warnings.json b/packages/svelte/tests/validator/samples/implicitly-closed-by-sibling/warnings.json
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..6ea36c5a50
--- /dev/null
+++ b/packages/svelte/tests/validator/samples/implicitly-closed-by-sibling/warnings.json
@@ -0,0 +1,26 @@
+[
+	{
+		"code": "element_implicitly_closed",
+		"message": "This element is implicitly closed by the following `<p>`, which can cause an unexpected DOM structure. Add an explicit `</p>` to avoid surprises.",
+		"start": {
+			"line": 2,
+			"column": 1
+		},
+		"end": {
+			"line": 2,
+			"column": 18
+		}
+	},
+	{
+		"code": "element_implicitly_closed",
+		"message": "This element is implicitly closed by the following `<p>`, which can cause an unexpected DOM structure. Add an explicit `</p>` to avoid surprises.",
+		"start": {
+			"line": 8,
+			"column": 1
+		},
+		"end": {
+			"line": 8,
+			"column": 18
+		}
+	}
+]