diff --git a/packages/svelte/src/compiler/phases/3-transform/client/utils.js b/packages/svelte/src/compiler/phases/3-transform/client/utils.js
index eac059e3b6..710053e3ee 100644
--- a/packages/svelte/src/compiler/phases/3-transform/client/utils.js
+++ b/packages/svelte/src/compiler/phases/3-transform/client/utils.js
@@ -1,5 +1,5 @@
 import * as b from '../../../utils/builders.js';
-import { extract_paths, is_simple_expression } from '../../../utils/ast.js';
+import { extract_paths, is_simple_expression, unwrap_ts_expression } from '../../../utils/ast.js';
 import { error } from '../../../errors.js';
 import {
 	PROPS_IS_LAZY_INITIAL,
@@ -7,6 +7,7 @@ import {
 	PROPS_IS_RUNES,
 	PROPS_IS_UPDATED
 } from '../../../../constants.js';
+import { get_rune } from '../../scope';
 
 /**
  * @template {import('./types').ClientTransformState} State
@@ -535,18 +536,19 @@ export function should_proxy_or_freeze(node) {
 
 /**
  * @param {import('#compiler').Binding | undefined} binding
- * @param {import('#compiler').SvelteNode[]} path
+ * @param {string} name
  * @returns {boolean}
  */
-export function is_hoistable_declaration(binding, path) {
-	const is_top_level = path.at(-1)?.type === 'Program';
+export function is_hoistable_declaration(binding, name) {
 	// TODO: allow object expressions that are not passed to functions or components as props
 	// and expressions as long as they do not reference non-hoistable variables
 	return (
-		is_top_level &&
 		!!binding &&
+		binding.kind === 'normal' &&
+		binding.scope.is_top_level &&
 		!binding.mutated &&
 		!binding.reassigned &&
-		binding?.initial?.type === 'Literal'
+		binding.initial?.type === 'Literal' &&
+		!binding.scope.declared_in_outer_scope(name)
 	);
 }
diff --git a/packages/svelte/src/compiler/phases/3-transform/client/visitors/javascript-legacy.js b/packages/svelte/src/compiler/phases/3-transform/client/visitors/javascript-legacy.js
index 7471fb860c..316f788316 100644
--- a/packages/svelte/src/compiler/phases/3-transform/client/visitors/javascript-legacy.js
+++ b/packages/svelte/src/compiler/phases/3-transform/client/visitors/javascript-legacy.js
@@ -1,7 +1,12 @@
 import { is_hoistable_function } from '../../utils.js';
 import * as b from '../../../../utils/builders.js';
 import { extract_paths } from '../../../../utils/ast.js';
-import { create_state_declarators, get_prop_source, serialize_get_binding } from '../utils.js';
+import {
+	create_state_declarators,
+	get_prop_source,
+	is_hoistable_declaration,
+	serialize_get_binding
+} from '../utils.js';
 
 /** @type {import('../types.js').ComponentVisitors} */
 export const javascript_visitors_legacy = {
@@ -18,6 +23,19 @@ export const javascript_visitors_legacy = {
 
 			if (!has_state && !has_props) {
 				const init = declarator.init;
+
+				if (init != null && declarator.id.type === 'Identifier') {
+					const binding = state.scope
+						.owner(declarator.id.name)
+						?.declarations.get(declarator.id.name);
+
+					if (is_hoistable_declaration(binding, declarator.id.name)) {
+						state.scope.root.unique;
+						state.hoisted.push(b.declaration('const', declarator.id, init));
+						continue;
+					}
+				}
+
 				if (init != null && is_hoistable_function(init)) {
 					const hoistable_function = visit(init);
 					state.hoisted.push(
diff --git a/packages/svelte/src/compiler/phases/3-transform/client/visitors/javascript-runes.js b/packages/svelte/src/compiler/phases/3-transform/client/visitors/javascript-runes.js
index de89846f68..67320cce8c 100644
--- a/packages/svelte/src/compiler/phases/3-transform/client/visitors/javascript-runes.js
+++ b/packages/svelte/src/compiler/phases/3-transform/client/visitors/javascript-runes.js
@@ -156,21 +156,22 @@ export const javascript_visitors_runes = {
 
 		return { ...node, body };
 	},
-	VariableDeclaration(node, { path, state, visit }) {
+	VariableDeclaration(node, { state, visit }) {
 		const declarations = [];
 
 		for (const declarator of node.declarations) {
 			const init = unwrap_ts_expression(declarator.init);
-			const rune = get_rune(init, state.scope);
 
-			if (!rune && init != null && declarator.id.type === 'Identifier') {
+			if (init != null && declarator.id.type === 'Identifier') {
 				const binding = state.scope.owner(declarator.id.name)?.declarations.get(declarator.id.name);
-				if (is_hoistable_declaration(binding, path)) {
+				if (is_hoistable_declaration(binding, declarator.id.name)) {
+					state.scope.root.unique;
 					state.hoisted.push(b.declaration('const', declarator.id, init));
 					continue;
 				}
 			}
 
+			const rune = get_rune(init, state.scope);
 			if (!rune || rune === '$effect.active' || rune === '$effect.root' || rune === '$inspect') {
 				if (init != null && is_hoistable_function(init)) {
 					const hoistable_function = visit(init);
diff --git a/packages/svelte/src/compiler/phases/3-transform/client/visitors/template.js b/packages/svelte/src/compiler/phases/3-transform/client/visitors/template.js
index 3f72d2f235..0f6f88ffe1 100644
--- a/packages/svelte/src/compiler/phases/3-transform/client/visitors/template.js
+++ b/packages/svelte/src/compiler/phases/3-transform/client/visitors/template.js
@@ -501,8 +501,6 @@ function serialize_element_attribute_update_assignment(element, node_id, attribu
 	}
 
 	let grouped_value = value;
-	/** @type {import('estree').Expression | null} */
-	let constant_expression = grouped_value;
 
 	if (name === 'autofocus') {
 		state.init.push(b.stmt(b.call('$.auto_focus', node_id, value)));
@@ -511,7 +509,6 @@ function serialize_element_attribute_update_assignment(element, node_id, attribu
 
 	if (name === 'class') {
 		grouped_value = b.call('$.to_class', value);
-		constant_expression = null;
 	}
 
 	/**
@@ -567,18 +564,19 @@ function serialize_element_attribute_update_assignment(element, node_id, attribu
 		}
 	};
 
-	let is_in_hoistable = false;
+	let hoistable = false;
 	if (Array.isArray(attribute.value)) {
 		for (let value of attribute.value) {
 			if (value.type === 'ExpressionTag' && value.expression.type === 'Identifier') {
 				const binding = context.state.scope
 					.owner(value.expression.name)
 					?.declarations.get(value.expression.name);
-				is_in_hoistable ||= is_hoistable_declaration(binding, context.path);
+				hoistable ||= is_hoistable_declaration(binding, value.expression.name);
 			}
 		}
 	}
-	if (attribute.metadata.dynamic && !is_in_hoistable) {
+
+	if (attribute.metadata.dynamic && !hoistable) {
 		const id = state.scope.generate(`${node_id.name}_${name}`);
 		serialize_update_assignment(
 			state,
@@ -590,12 +588,12 @@ function serialize_element_attribute_update_assignment(element, node_id, attribu
 		);
 		return true;
 	} else {
-		if (!is_in_hoistable || DOMBooleanAttributes.includes(name)) {
-			state.init.push(assign(grouped_value).grouped);
-		} else if (constant_expression) {
+		if (hoistable) {
 			push_template_quasi(context.state, ` ${name}="`);
 			push_template_expression(context.state, grouped_value);
 			push_template_quasi(context.state, `"`);
+		} else {
+			state.init.push(assign(grouped_value).grouped);
 		}
 		return false;
 	}
diff --git a/packages/svelte/src/compiler/phases/constants.js b/packages/svelte/src/compiler/phases/constants.js
index b8663e97f0..d31c38af4e 100644
--- a/packages/svelte/src/compiler/phases/constants.js
+++ b/packages/svelte/src/compiler/phases/constants.js
@@ -70,6 +70,76 @@ export const ElementBindings = [
 	'indeterminate'
 ];
 
+export const GlobalBindings = new Set([
+	'Map',
+	'Set',
+	'Array',
+	'Uint8Array',
+	'Uint8ClampedArray',
+	'Int16Array',
+	'Uint16Array',
+	'Int32Array',
+	'Uint32Array',
+	'BigInt64Array',
+	'BigUint64Array',
+	'Float32Array',
+	'Float64Array',
+	'Int8Array',
+	'Function',
+	'Error',
+	'AggregateError',
+	'EvalError',
+	'RangeError',
+	'ReferenceError',
+	'SyntaxError',
+	'TypeError',
+	'URIError',
+	'InternalError',
+	'Number',
+	'Math',
+	'BigInt',
+	'String',
+	'RegEx',
+	'Date',
+	'Boolean',
+	'Symbol',
+	'Object',
+	'ArrayBuffer',
+	'SharedArrayBuffer',
+	'DataView',
+	'Atomics',
+	'JSON',
+	'WeakRef',
+	'FinalizationRegistry',
+	'Iterator',
+	'AsyncIterator',
+	'Promise',
+	'GeneratorFunction',
+	'AsyncGeneratorFunction',
+	'Generator',
+	'AsyncGenerator',
+	'AsyncFunction',
+	'Reflect',
+	'Proxy',
+	'Intl',
+	'eval',
+	'isFinite',
+	'isNaN',
+	'parseFloat',
+	'parseInt',
+	'decodeURI',
+	'decodeURIComponent',
+	'encodeURI',
+	'encodeURIComponent',
+	'console',
+	'undefined',
+	'NaN',
+	'Infinity',
+	'globalThis',
+	'window',
+	'document'
+]);
+
 export const Runes = /** @type {const} */ ([
 	'$state',
 	'$state.frozen',
diff --git a/packages/svelte/src/compiler/phases/scope.js b/packages/svelte/src/compiler/phases/scope.js
index ad3e8fdb34..7e24f271ce 100644
--- a/packages/svelte/src/compiler/phases/scope.js
+++ b/packages/svelte/src/compiler/phases/scope.js
@@ -4,12 +4,19 @@ import { is_element_node } from './nodes.js';
 import * as b from '../utils/builders.js';
 import { error } from '../errors.js';
 import { extract_identifiers, extract_identifiers_from_expression } from '../utils/ast.js';
-import { JsKeywords, Runes } from './constants.js';
+import { GlobalBindings, JsKeywords, Runes } from './constants.js';
 
 export class Scope {
 	/** @type {ScopeRoot} */
 	root;
 
+	/**
+	 * Whether this is a top-level script scope.
+	 * I.e. `<script>`, `<script context=module>`, or `.svelte.js`.
+	 * @type {boolean}
+	 */
+	is_top_level;
+
 	/**
 	 * The immediate parent scope
 	 * @type {Scope | null}
@@ -49,16 +56,17 @@ export class Scope {
 	function_depth = 0;
 
 	/**
-	 *
 	 * @param {ScopeRoot} root
 	 * @param {Scope | null} parent
 	 * @param {boolean} porous
+	 * @param {boolean} is_top_level
 	 */
-	constructor(root, parent, porous) {
+	constructor(root, parent, porous, is_top_level) {
 		this.root = root;
 		this.#parent = parent;
 		this.#porous = porous;
 		this.function_depth = parent ? parent.function_depth + (porous ? 0 : 1) : 0;
+		this.is_top_level = is_top_level;
 	}
 
 	/**
@@ -119,8 +127,23 @@ export class Scope {
 		return binding;
 	}
 
+	/**
+	 * @param {string} name
+	 * @returns {boolean}
+	 */
+	declared_in_outer_scope(name) {
+		let outer = this.#parent;
+		while (outer !== null) {
+			if (outer.references.has(name) || outer.declarations.has(name)) {
+				return true;
+			}
+			outer = outer.#parent;
+		}
+		return GlobalBindings.has(name) || JsKeywords.includes(name);
+	}
+
 	child(porous = false) {
-		return new Scope(this.root, this, porous);
+		return new Scope(this.root, this, porous, false);
 	}
 
 	/**
@@ -238,7 +261,7 @@ export function create_scopes(ast, root, allow_reactive_declarations, parent) {
 	 * @type {Map<import('#compiler').SvelteNode, Scope>}
 	 */
 	const scopes = new Map();
-	const scope = new Scope(root, parent, false);
+	const scope = new Scope(root, parent, false, ast.type === 'Program');
 	scopes.set(ast, scope);
 
 	/** @type {State} */