diff --git a/.changeset/little-ligers-exist.md b/.changeset/little-ligers-exist.md
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..bf161684d2
--- /dev/null
+++ b/.changeset/little-ligers-exist.md
@@ -0,0 +1,5 @@
+---
+"svelte": patch
+---
+
+feat: provide $state warnings for accidental equality
diff --git a/packages/svelte/messages/client-warnings/warnings.md b/packages/svelte/messages/client-warnings/warnings.md
index 1f77457f94..3131ab98f4 100644
--- a/packages/svelte/messages/client-warnings/warnings.md
+++ b/packages/svelte/messages/client-warnings/warnings.md
@@ -19,3 +19,7 @@
 > Mutating a value outside the component that created it is strongly discouraged. Consider passing values to child components with `bind:`, or use a callback instead
 
 > %component% mutated a value owned by %owner%. This is strongly discouraged. Consider passing values to child components with `bind:`, or use a callback instead
+
+## state_proxy_equality_mismatch
+
+> Reactive `$state(...)` proxies and the values they proxy have different identities. Because of this, comparisons with `%operator%` will produce unexpected results. Consider using `$state.is(a, b)` instead
diff --git a/packages/svelte/src/compiler/phases/3-transform/client/visitors/javascript-runes.js b/packages/svelte/src/compiler/phases/3-transform/client/visitors/javascript-runes.js
index e1229a2bed..63eec24151 100644
--- a/packages/svelte/src/compiler/phases/3-transform/client/visitors/javascript-runes.js
+++ b/packages/svelte/src/compiler/phases/3-transform/client/visitors/javascript-runes.js
@@ -451,6 +451,31 @@ export const javascript_visitors_runes = {
 		}
 
 		context.next();
+	},
+	BinaryExpression(node, { state, visit, next }) {
+		const operator = node.operator;
+
+		if (state.options.dev) {
+			if (operator === '===' || operator === '!==') {
+				return b.call(
+					'$.strict_equals',
+					/** @type {import('estree').Expression} */ (visit(node.left)),
+					/** @type {import('estree').Expression} */ (visit(node.right)),
+					operator === '!==' && b.literal(false)
+				);
+			}
+
+			if (operator === '==' || operator === '!=') {
+				return b.call(
+					'$.equals',
+					/** @type {import('estree').Expression} */ (visit(node.left)),
+					/** @type {import('estree').Expression} */ (visit(node.right)),
+					operator === '!=' && b.literal(false)
+				);
+			}
+		}
+
+		next();
 	}
 };
 
diff --git a/packages/svelte/src/internal/client/dev/equality.js b/packages/svelte/src/internal/client/dev/equality.js
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..bd03a84ac6
--- /dev/null
+++ b/packages/svelte/src/internal/client/dev/equality.js
@@ -0,0 +1,92 @@
+import * as w from '../warnings.js';
+import { get_proxied_value } from '../proxy.js';
+
+export function init_array_prototype_warnings() {
+	const array_prototype = Array.prototype;
+	const { indexOf, lastIndexOf, includes } = array_prototype;
+
+	array_prototype.indexOf = function (item, from_index) {
+		const index = indexOf.call(this, item, from_index);
+
+		if (index === -1) {
+			const test = indexOf.call(get_proxied_value(this), get_proxied_value(item), from_index);
+
+			if (test !== -1) {
+				w.state_proxy_equality_mismatch('array.indexOf(...)');
+
+				// eslint-disable-next-line no-console
+				console.trace();
+			}
+		}
+
+		return index;
+	};
+
+	array_prototype.lastIndexOf = function (item, from_index) {
+		const index = lastIndexOf.call(this, item, from_index);
+
+		if (index === -1) {
+			const test = lastIndexOf.call(get_proxied_value(this), get_proxied_value(item), from_index);
+
+			if (test !== -1) {
+				w.state_proxy_equality_mismatch('array.lastIndexOf(...)');
+
+				// eslint-disable-next-line no-console
+				console.trace();
+			}
+		}
+
+		return index;
+	};
+
+	array_prototype.includes = function (item, from_index) {
+		const has = includes.call(this, item, from_index);
+
+		if (!has) {
+			const test = includes.call(get_proxied_value(this), get_proxied_value(item), from_index);
+
+			if (test) {
+				w.state_proxy_equality_mismatch('array.includes(...)');
+
+				// eslint-disable-next-line no-console
+				console.trace();
+			}
+		}
+
+		return has;
+	};
+}
+
+/**
+ * @param {any} a
+ * @param {any} b
+ * @param {boolean} equal
+ * @returns {boolean}
+ */
+export function strict_equals(a, b, equal = true) {
+	if ((a === b) !== (get_proxied_value(a) === get_proxied_value(b))) {
+		w.state_proxy_equality_mismatch(equal ? '===' : '!==');
+
+		// eslint-disable-next-line no-console
+		console.trace();
+	}
+
+	return (a === b) === equal;
+}
+
+/**
+ * @param {any} a
+ * @param {any} b
+ * @param {boolean} equal
+ * @returns {boolean}
+ */
+export function equals(a, b, equal = true) {
+	if ((a == b) !== (get_proxied_value(a) == get_proxied_value(b))) {
+		w.state_proxy_equality_mismatch(equal ? '==' : '!=');
+
+		// eslint-disable-next-line no-console
+		console.trace();
+	}
+
+	return (a == b) === equal;
+}
diff --git a/packages/svelte/src/internal/client/dom/operations.js b/packages/svelte/src/internal/client/dom/operations.js
index 3c3ca4f7fd..b5c4d2613a 100644
--- a/packages/svelte/src/internal/client/dom/operations.js
+++ b/packages/svelte/src/internal/client/dom/operations.js
@@ -1,6 +1,7 @@
 import { hydrate_anchor, hydrate_nodes, hydrating } from './hydration.js';
 import { get_descriptor } from '../utils.js';
 import { DEV } from 'esm-env';
+import { init_array_prototype_warnings } from '../dev/equality.js';
 
 // We cache the Node and Element prototype methods, so that we can avoid doing
 // expensive prototype chain lookups.
@@ -74,6 +75,8 @@ export function init_operations() {
 	if (DEV) {
 		// @ts-expect-error
 		element_prototype.__svelte_meta = null;
+
+		init_array_prototype_warnings();
 	}
 
 	first_child_get = /** @type {(this: Node) => ChildNode | null} */ (
diff --git a/packages/svelte/src/internal/client/index.js b/packages/svelte/src/internal/client/index.js
index 8453696e69..6ea507bf8e 100644
--- a/packages/svelte/src/internal/client/index.js
+++ b/packages/svelte/src/internal/client/index.js
@@ -161,3 +161,4 @@ export {
 	validate_store,
 	validate_void_dynamic_element
 } from '../shared/validate.js';
+export { strict_equals, equals } from './dev/equality.js';
diff --git a/packages/svelte/src/internal/client/warnings.js b/packages/svelte/src/internal/client/warnings.js
index 1dd532164c..b28b7d2059 100644
--- a/packages/svelte/src/internal/client/warnings.js
+++ b/packages/svelte/src/internal/client/warnings.js
@@ -71,4 +71,17 @@ export function ownership_invalid_mutation(component, owner) {
 		// TODO print a link to the documentation
 		console.warn("ownership_invalid_mutation");
 	}
+}
+
+/**
+ * Reactive `$state(...)` proxies and the values they proxy have different identities. Because of this, comparisons with `%operator%` will produce unexpected results. Consider using `$state.is(a, b)` instead
+ * @param {string} operator
+ */
+export function state_proxy_equality_mismatch(operator) {
+	if (DEV) {
+		console.warn(`%c[svelte] ${"state_proxy_equality_mismatch"}\n%c${`Reactive \`$state(...)\` proxies and the values they proxy have different identities. Because of this, comparisons with \`${operator}\` will produce unexpected results. Consider using \`$state.is(a, b)\` instead`}`, bold, normal);
+	} else {
+		// TODO print a link to the documentation
+		console.warn("state_proxy_equality_mismatch");
+	}
 }
\ No newline at end of file