diff --git a/.changeset/swift-feet-juggle.md b/.changeset/swift-feet-juggle.md
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..db5d7a44d9
--- /dev/null
+++ b/.changeset/swift-feet-juggle.md
@@ -0,0 +1,5 @@
+---
+"svelte": patch
+---
+
+fix: correctly determine binding scope of `let:` directives 
diff --git a/packages/svelte/src/compiler/phases/2-analyze/validation.js b/packages/svelte/src/compiler/phases/2-analyze/validation.js
index 47a5fd74bc..cbc8c0ff00 100644
--- a/packages/svelte/src/compiler/phases/2-analyze/validation.js
+++ b/packages/svelte/src/compiler/phases/2-analyze/validation.js
@@ -37,6 +37,10 @@ function validate_component(node, context) {
 		) {
 			error(attribute, 'invalid-event-modifier');
 		}
+
+		if (attribute.type === 'Attribute' && attribute.name === 'slot') {
+			validate_slot_attribute(context, attribute);
+		}
 	}
 
 	context.next({
diff --git a/packages/svelte/src/compiler/phases/3-transform/client/visitors/template.js b/packages/svelte/src/compiler/phases/3-transform/client/visitors/template.js
index 0351159783..4f82c897a9 100644
--- a/packages/svelte/src/compiler/phases/3-transform/client/visitors/template.js
+++ b/packages/svelte/src/compiler/phases/3-transform/client/visitors/template.js
@@ -749,7 +749,7 @@ function serialize_inline_component(node, component_name, context) {
 	const props_and_spreads = [];
 
 	/** @type {import('estree').ExpressionStatement[]} */
-	const default_lets = [];
+	const lets = [];
 
 	/** @type {Record<string, import('#compiler').TemplateNode[]>} */
 	const children = {};
@@ -763,6 +763,12 @@ function serialize_inline_component(node, component_name, context) {
 	/** @type {import('estree').Identifier | import('estree').MemberExpression | null} */
 	let bind_this = null;
 
+	/**
+	 * If this component has a slot property, it is a named slot within another component. In this case
+	 * the slot scope applies to the component itself, too, and not just its children.
+	 */
+	let slot_scope_applies_to_itself = false;
+
 	/**
 	 * @param {import('estree').Property} prop
 	 */
@@ -775,12 +781,9 @@ function serialize_inline_component(node, component_name, context) {
 			props_and_spreads.push(props);
 		}
 	}
-
 	for (const attribute of node.attributes) {
 		if (attribute.type === 'LetDirective') {
-			default_lets.push(
-				/** @type {import('estree').ExpressionStatement} */ (context.visit(attribute))
-			);
+			lets.push(/** @type {import('estree').ExpressionStatement} */ (context.visit(attribute)));
 		} else if (attribute.type === 'OnDirective') {
 			events[attribute.name] ||= [];
 			let handler = serialize_event_handler(attribute, context);
@@ -811,6 +814,10 @@ function serialize_inline_component(node, component_name, context) {
 				continue;
 			}
 
+			if (attribute.name === 'slot') {
+				slot_scope_applies_to_itself = true;
+			}
+
 			const [, value] = serialize_attribute_value(attribute.value, context);
 
 			if (attribute.metadata.dynamic) {
@@ -863,6 +870,10 @@ function serialize_inline_component(node, component_name, context) {
 		}
 	}
 
+	if (slot_scope_applies_to_itself) {
+		context.state.init.push(...lets);
+	}
+
 	if (Object.keys(events).length > 0) {
 		const events_expression = b.object(
 			Object.keys(events).map((name) =>
@@ -918,7 +929,7 @@ function serialize_inline_component(node, component_name, context) {
 
 		const slot_fn = b.arrow(
 			[b.id('$$anchor'), b.id('$$slotProps')],
-			b.block([...(slot_name === 'default' ? default_lets : []), ...body])
+			b.block([...(slot_name === 'default' && !slot_scope_applies_to_itself ? lets : []), ...body])
 		);
 
 		if (slot_name === 'default') {
diff --git a/packages/svelte/src/compiler/phases/3-transform/server/transform-server.js b/packages/svelte/src/compiler/phases/3-transform/server/transform-server.js
index 330340bc7d..8112a30c1c 100644
--- a/packages/svelte/src/compiler/phases/3-transform/server/transform-server.js
+++ b/packages/svelte/src/compiler/phases/3-transform/server/transform-server.js
@@ -808,11 +808,17 @@ function serialize_inline_component(node, component_name, context) {
 	const custom_css_props = [];
 
 	/** @type {import('estree').ExpressionStatement[]} */
-	const default_lets = [];
+	const lets = [];
 
 	/** @type {Record<string, import('#compiler').TemplateNode[]>} */
 	const children = {};
 
+	/**
+	 * If this component has a slot property, it is a named slot within another component. In this case
+	 * the slot scope applies to the component itself, too, and not just its children.
+	 */
+	let slot_scope_applies_to_itself = false;
+
 	/**
 	 * @param {import('estree').Property} prop
 	 */
@@ -825,12 +831,9 @@ function serialize_inline_component(node, component_name, context) {
 			props_and_spreads.push(props);
 		}
 	}
-
 	for (const attribute of node.attributes) {
 		if (attribute.type === 'LetDirective') {
-			default_lets.push(
-				/** @type {import('estree').ExpressionStatement} */ (context.visit(attribute))
-			);
+			lets.push(/** @type {import('estree').ExpressionStatement} */ (context.visit(attribute)));
 		} else if (attribute.type === 'SpreadAttribute') {
 			props_and_spreads.push(/** @type {import('estree').Expression} */ (context.visit(attribute)));
 		} else if (attribute.type === 'Attribute') {
@@ -840,6 +843,10 @@ function serialize_inline_component(node, component_name, context) {
 				continue;
 			}
 
+			if (attribute.name === 'slot') {
+				slot_scope_applies_to_itself = true;
+			}
+
 			const value = serialize_attribute_value(attribute.value, context, false, true);
 			push_prop(b.prop('init', b.key(attribute.name), value));
 		} else if (attribute.type === 'BindDirective') {
@@ -862,6 +869,10 @@ function serialize_inline_component(node, component_name, context) {
 		}
 	}
 
+	if (slot_scope_applies_to_itself) {
+		context.state.init.push(...lets);
+	}
+
 	/** @type {import('estree').Statement[]} */
 	const snippet_declarations = [];
 
@@ -907,7 +918,7 @@ function serialize_inline_component(node, component_name, context) {
 
 		const slot_fn = b.arrow(
 			[b.id('$$payload'), b.id('$$slotProps')],
-			b.block([...(slot_name === 'default' ? default_lets : []), ...body])
+			b.block([...(slot_name === 'default' && !slot_scope_applies_to_itself ? lets : []), ...body])
 		);
 
 		if (slot_name === 'default') {
diff --git a/packages/svelte/src/compiler/phases/scope.js b/packages/svelte/src/compiler/phases/scope.js
index bf2adf724b..c4fb1ba493 100644
--- a/packages/svelte/src/compiler/phases/scope.js
+++ b/packages/svelte/src/compiler/phases/scope.js
@@ -282,7 +282,7 @@ export function create_scopes(ast, root, allow_reactive_declarations, parent) {
 	 * @type {import('zimmerframe').Visitor<import('#compiler').ElementLike, State, import('#compiler').SvelteNode>}
 	 */
 	const SvelteFragment = (node, { state, next }) => {
-		const scope = analyze_let_directives(node, state.scope);
+		const [scope] = analyze_let_directives(node, state.scope);
 		scopes.set(node, scope);
 		next({ scope });
 	};
@@ -293,36 +293,40 @@ export function create_scopes(ast, root, allow_reactive_declarations, parent) {
 	 */
 	function analyze_let_directives(node, parent) {
 		const scope = parent.child();
+		let is_default_slot = true;
 
 		for (const attribute of node.attributes) {
-			if (attribute.type !== 'LetDirective') continue;
-
-			/** @type {import('#compiler').Binding[]} */
-			const bindings = [];
-			scope.declarators.set(attribute, bindings);
+			if (attribute.type === 'LetDirective') {
+				/** @type {import('#compiler').Binding[]} */
+				const bindings = [];
+				scope.declarators.set(attribute, bindings);
 
-			// attach the scope to the directive itself, as well as the
-			// contents to which it applies
-			scopes.set(attribute, scope);
+				// attach the scope to the directive itself, as well as the
+				// contents to which it applies
+				scopes.set(attribute, scope);
 
-			if (attribute.expression) {
-				for (const id of extract_identifiers_from_destructuring(attribute.expression)) {
+				if (attribute.expression) {
+					for (const id of extract_identifiers_from_destructuring(attribute.expression)) {
+						const binding = scope.declare(id, 'derived', 'const');
+						bindings.push(binding);
+					}
+				} else {
+					/** @type {import('estree').Identifier} */
+					const id = {
+						name: attribute.name,
+						type: 'Identifier',
+						start: attribute.start,
+						end: attribute.end
+					};
 					const binding = scope.declare(id, 'derived', 'const');
 					bindings.push(binding);
 				}
-			} else {
-				/** @type {import('estree').Identifier} */
-				const id = {
-					name: attribute.name,
-					type: 'Identifier',
-					start: attribute.start,
-					end: attribute.end
-				};
-				const binding = scope.declare(id, 'derived', 'const');
-				bindings.push(binding);
+			} else if (attribute.type === 'Attribute' && attribute.name === 'slot') {
+				is_default_slot = false;
 			}
 		}
-		return scope;
+
+		return /** @type {const} */ ([scope, is_default_slot]);
 	}
 
 	walk(ast, state, {
@@ -364,13 +368,17 @@ export function create_scopes(ast, root, allow_reactive_declarations, parent) {
 		Component(node, { state, visit, path }) {
 			state.scope.reference(b.id(node.name), path);
 
-			// let:x from the default slot is a weird one:
-			// Its scope only applies to children that are not slots themselves.
 			for (const attribute of node.attributes) {
 				visit(attribute);
 			}
 
-			const scope = analyze_let_directives(node, state.scope);
+			// let:x is super weird:
+			// - for the default slot, its scope only applies to children that are not slots themselves
+			// - for named slots, its scope applies to the component itself, too
+			const [scope, is_default_slot] = analyze_let_directives(node, state.scope);
+			if (!is_default_slot) {
+				scopes.set(node, scope);
+			}
 
 			for (const child of node.fragment.nodes) {
 				if (
diff --git a/packages/svelte/tests/compiler-errors/samples/component-slot-duplicate-error-5/_config.js b/packages/svelte/tests/compiler-errors/samples/component-slot-duplicate-error-5/_config.js
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..0085693908
--- /dev/null
+++ b/packages/svelte/tests/compiler-errors/samples/component-slot-duplicate-error-5/_config.js
@@ -0,0 +1,8 @@
+import { test } from '../../test';
+
+export default test({
+	error: {
+		code: 'duplicate-slot-name',
+		message: "Duplicate slot name 'foo' in <Nested>"
+	}
+});
diff --git a/packages/svelte/tests/compiler-errors/samples/component-slot-duplicate-error-5/main.svelte b/packages/svelte/tests/compiler-errors/samples/component-slot-duplicate-error-5/main.svelte
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..df85e47254
--- /dev/null
+++ b/packages/svelte/tests/compiler-errors/samples/component-slot-duplicate-error-5/main.svelte
@@ -0,0 +1,9 @@
+<script>
+	import Nested from './irrelevant';
+	import Inner from './irrelevant';
+</script>
+
+<Nested>
+	<Inner slot="foo">{value}</Inner>
+	<Inner slot="foo">{value}</Inner>
+</Nested>
diff --git a/packages/svelte/tests/compiler-errors/samples/component-slot-duplicate-error-6/_config.js b/packages/svelte/tests/compiler-errors/samples/component-slot-duplicate-error-6/_config.js
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..0085693908
--- /dev/null
+++ b/packages/svelte/tests/compiler-errors/samples/component-slot-duplicate-error-6/_config.js
@@ -0,0 +1,8 @@
+import { test } from '../../test';
+
+export default test({
+	error: {
+		code: 'duplicate-slot-name',
+		message: "Duplicate slot name 'foo' in <Nested>"
+	}
+});
diff --git a/packages/svelte/tests/compiler-errors/samples/component-slot-duplicate-error-6/main.svelte b/packages/svelte/tests/compiler-errors/samples/component-slot-duplicate-error-6/main.svelte
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..6850e6618a
--- /dev/null
+++ b/packages/svelte/tests/compiler-errors/samples/component-slot-duplicate-error-6/main.svelte
@@ -0,0 +1,9 @@
+<script>
+	import Nested from './irrelevant';
+	import Inner from './irrelevant';
+</script>
+
+<Nested>
+	<p slot="foo">{value}</p>
+	<Inner slot="foo">{value}</Inner>
+</Nested>
diff --git a/packages/svelte/tests/runtime-legacy/samples/component-slot-let-named-2/Nested.svelte b/packages/svelte/tests/runtime-legacy/samples/component-slot-let-named-2/Nested.svelte
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..a38e459bcd
--- /dev/null
+++ b/packages/svelte/tests/runtime-legacy/samples/component-slot-let-named-2/Nested.svelte
@@ -0,0 +1,9 @@
+<script>
+	export let things;
+</script>
+
+<div>
+	{#each things as thing}
+		<slot name="foo" {thing}/>
+	{/each}
+</div>
diff --git a/packages/svelte/tests/runtime-legacy/samples/component-slot-let-named-2/SlotInner.svelte b/packages/svelte/tests/runtime-legacy/samples/component-slot-let-named-2/SlotInner.svelte
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..3dd035e95b
--- /dev/null
+++ b/packages/svelte/tests/runtime-legacy/samples/component-slot-let-named-2/SlotInner.svelte
@@ -0,0 +1,5 @@
+<script>
+	export let thing;
+</script>
+<span>{thing}</span>
+<slot />
diff --git a/packages/svelte/tests/runtime-legacy/samples/component-slot-let-named-2/_config.js b/packages/svelte/tests/runtime-legacy/samples/component-slot-let-named-2/_config.js
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..e5518ab813
--- /dev/null
+++ b/packages/svelte/tests/runtime-legacy/samples/component-slot-let-named-2/_config.js
@@ -0,0 +1,36 @@
+import { test } from '../../test';
+
+export default test({
+	get props() {
+		return { things: [1, 2, 3] };
+	},
+
+	html: `
+		<div>
+			<span>1</span>
+			<div class="inner-slot">1</div>
+			<span>2</span>
+			<div class="inner-slot">2</div>
+			<span>3</span>
+			<div class="inner-slot">3</div>
+		</div>`,
+
+	test({ assert, component, target }) {
+		component.things = [1, 2, 3, 4];
+		assert.htmlEqual(
+			target.innerHTML,
+			`
+			<div>
+				<span>1</span>
+				<div class="inner-slot">1</div>
+				<span>2</span>
+				<div class="inner-slot">2</div>
+				<span>3</span>
+				<div class="inner-slot">3</div>
+				<span>4</span>
+				<div class="inner-slot">4</div>
+			</div>
+		`
+		);
+	}
+});
diff --git a/packages/svelte/tests/runtime-legacy/samples/component-slot-let-named-2/main.svelte b/packages/svelte/tests/runtime-legacy/samples/component-slot-let-named-2/main.svelte
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..1b89f54693
--- /dev/null
+++ b/packages/svelte/tests/runtime-legacy/samples/component-slot-let-named-2/main.svelte
@@ -0,0 +1,12 @@
+<script>
+	import Nested from './Nested.svelte';
+	import SlotInner from './SlotInner.svelte';
+
+	export let things;
+</script>
+
+<Nested {things}>
+	<SlotInner slot="foo" let:thing={data} thing={data}>
+		<div class="inner-slot">{data}</div>
+	</SlotInner>
+</Nested>