diff --git a/packages/svelte/src/internal/client/reactivity/batch.js b/packages/svelte/src/internal/client/reactivity/batch.js
index 92e87cc177..33ab2ac3e8 100644
--- a/packages/svelte/src/internal/client/reactivity/batch.js
+++ b/packages/svelte/src/internal/client/reactivity/batch.js
@@ -22,7 +22,7 @@ import {
 	TEMPLATE_EXPRESSION
 } from '#client/constants';
 import { async_mode_flag } from '../../flags/index.js';
-import { deferred, define_property } from '../../shared/utils.js';
+import { deferred, define_property, has_own_property, includes } from '../../shared/utils.js';
 import {
 	active_reaction,
 	get,
@@ -168,6 +168,7 @@ export class Batch {
 	 * tuples. `owner` is the live batch whose pre-write value we are seeing,
 	 * or `null` if the value belongs to this batch. For forks this also stores
 	 * world-local derived values between activations.
+	 * `null` if no values have been observed yet, or if this is the only batch that exists.
 	 * @type {Map<Value, [any, Batch | null]> | null}
 	 */
 	values = null;
@@ -280,10 +281,11 @@ export class Batch {
 
 	/**
 	 * Reactions that observed the pre-write world of this batch via its active
-	 * overlay while it was pending. When this batch commits, they
-	 * re-run with the real values.
+	 * overlay while it was pending, mapped to the values they saw. When this
+	 * batch commits, readers whose observed values differ from the committed
+	 * ones re-run with the real values.
 	 * Lazily initialised for perf reasons
-	 * @type {Set<Reaction> | null}
+	 * @type {Map<Reaction, Map<Value, any>> | null}
 	 */
 	stale_readers = null;
 
@@ -413,7 +415,7 @@ export class Batch {
 		owner.waiter = this;
 		var waiting = (this.waiting ??= { batches: new Set(), reactions: new Map() });
 		waiting.batches.add(owner);
-		if (Object.hasOwn(signal, 'deps')) waiting.reactions.set(signal, owner);
+		if (has_own_property.call(signal, 'deps')) waiting.reactions.set(signal, owner);
 	}
 
 	/**
@@ -484,7 +486,7 @@ export class Batch {
 
 		if (!async_mode_flag || this.is_fork) return false;
 
-		var is_source = !Object.hasOwn(signal, 'deps');
+		var is_source = !has_own_property.call(signal, 'deps');
 
 		if (!is_source && (signal.f & (DERIVED | ASYNC | BLOCK_EFFECT | USER_EFFECT)) === 0) {
 			return false;
@@ -679,8 +681,23 @@ export class Batch {
 		}
 		other.#scheduled = [];
 
-		this.stale_readers = transfer_set(this.stale_readers, other.stale_readers);
-		other.stale_readers = null;
+		if (other.stale_readers !== null) {
+			this.stale_readers ??= new Map();
+
+			for (const [reader, seen] of other.stale_readers) {
+				var observed = this.stale_readers.get(reader);
+
+				if (observed === undefined) {
+					this.stale_readers.set(reader, seen);
+				} else {
+					for (const [signal, value] of seen) {
+						// TODO could a newer value have been observed by this and other is older?
+						observed.set(signal, value);
+					}
+				}
+			}
+			other.stale_readers = null;
+		}
 
 		if (other.waiting !== null) {
 			this.waiting ??= { batches: new Set(), reactions: new Map() };
@@ -1179,12 +1196,35 @@ export class Batch {
 
 		var batch = Batch.ensure();
 
-		for (const reader of readers) {
+		for (const [reader, seen] of readers) {
 			var flags = reader.f;
 
 			if ((flags & (DESTROYED | INERT | DIRTY)) !== 0) continue;
 
-			set_signal_status(reader, DIRTY);
+			// Only re-run readers that are actually affected by the commit: a
+			// reader observed specific values through this batch's overlay. If
+			// each of those matches the committed value (the write was reverted,
+			// or a derived recomputed to an equal value), or the reader no
+			// longer depends on it, the reader's world didn't change
+			var status = CLEAN;
+
+			for (const [signal, value] of seen) {
+				if (reader.deps === null || !includes.call(reader.deps, signal)) continue;
+
+				if ((signal.f & (DIRTY | MAYBE_DIRTY)) !== 0) {
+					// a derived that hasn't been revalidated with the committed
+					// values yet — the reader's own validation will recompute it
+					// (with equality applying) via `is_dirty`
+					status = MAYBE_DIRTY;
+				} else if (signal.v !== value) {
+					status = DIRTY;
+					break;
+				}
+			}
+
+			if (status === CLEAN) continue;
+
+			set_signal_status(reader, status);
 
 			if ((flags & DERIVED) !== 0) {
 				// invalidate anything that depends on the derived
diff --git a/packages/svelte/src/internal/client/runtime.js b/packages/svelte/src/internal/client/runtime.js
index 3829dab865..e94564133b 100644
--- a/packages/svelte/src/internal/client/runtime.js
+++ b/packages/svelte/src/internal/client/runtime.js
@@ -738,12 +738,21 @@ export function get(signal) {
 
 		if (override !== undefined) {
 			// if we're seeing another live batch's pre-write world, it must
-			// re-run us with the real values when it commits
+			// re-run us with the real values when it commits (if the value
+			// we saw turns out to differ from the committed one)
 			var override_owner = override[1];
 
 			if (override_owner !== null && active_reaction !== null && !untracking) {
 				override_owner = override_owner.resolved();
-				(override_owner.stale_readers ??= new Set()).add(active_reaction);
+
+				var readers = (override_owner.stale_readers ??= new Map());
+				var seen = readers.get(active_reaction);
+
+				if (seen === undefined) {
+					readers.set(active_reaction, (seen = new Map()));
+				}
+
+				seen.set(signal, override[0]);
 			}
 
 			return override[0];
diff --git a/packages/svelte/tests/runtime-runes/samples/async-commit-stale-reader-changed/_config.js b/packages/svelte/tests/runtime-runes/samples/async-commit-stale-reader-changed/_config.js
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..0e741d3bbf
--- /dev/null
+++ b/packages/svelte/tests/runtime-runes/samples/async-commit-stale-reader-changed/_config.js
@@ -0,0 +1,36 @@
+import { tick } from 'svelte';
+import { test } from '../../test';
+
+export default test({
+	async test({ assert, target, logs }) {
+		await tick();
+		const [x, y, shift] = target.querySelectorAll('button');
+
+		assert.htmlEqual(
+			target.innerHTML,
+			'<p>0</p><button>x</button><button>y</button><button>shift</button>'
+		);
+		assert.deepEqual(logs, []);
+
+		// write x — the batch is pending on its async expression
+		x.click();
+		await tick();
+		assert.deepEqual(logs, []);
+
+		// an independent batch runs the effect, which reads `x` through the
+		// pending batch's overlay (seeing the held-back value 0)
+		y.click();
+		await tick();
+		assert.deepEqual(logs, ['effect 0 1']);
+
+		// the pending batch settles and commits x === 1 — the effect saw a
+		// stale value and must re-run with the real one
+		shift.click();
+		await tick();
+		assert.deepEqual(logs, ['effect 0 1', 'effect 1 1']);
+		assert.htmlEqual(
+			target.innerHTML,
+			'<p>1</p><button>x</button><button>y</button><button>shift</button>'
+		);
+	}
+});
diff --git a/packages/svelte/tests/runtime-runes/samples/async-commit-stale-reader-changed/main.svelte b/packages/svelte/tests/runtime-runes/samples/async-commit-stale-reader-changed/main.svelte
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..3a9323d8ce
--- /dev/null
+++ b/packages/svelte/tests/runtime-runes/samples/async-commit-stale-reader-changed/main.svelte
@@ -0,0 +1,23 @@
+<script>
+	let x = $state(0);
+	let y = $state(0);
+	let pend = false;
+
+	const deferred = [];
+
+	function delay(value) {
+		if (!pend) return value;
+		return new Promise((resolve) => deferred.push(() => resolve(value)));
+	}
+
+	$effect(() => {
+		if (y > 0) {
+			console.log(`effect ${x} ${y}`);
+		}
+	});
+</script>
+
+<p>{await delay(x)}</p>
+<button onclick={() => { pend = true; x += 1; }}>x</button>
+<button onclick={() => y++}>y</button>
+<button onclick={() => deferred.shift()?.()}>shift</button>
diff --git a/packages/svelte/tests/runtime-runes/samples/async-commit-stale-reader-derived-equality/_config.js b/packages/svelte/tests/runtime-runes/samples/async-commit-stale-reader-derived-equality/_config.js
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..58eab0f674
--- /dev/null
+++ b/packages/svelte/tests/runtime-runes/samples/async-commit-stale-reader-derived-equality/_config.js
@@ -0,0 +1,33 @@
+import { tick } from 'svelte';
+import { test } from '../../test';
+
+const buttons = '<button>x</button><button>show</button><button>shift</button>';
+
+export default test({
+	async test({ assert, target, logs }) {
+		await tick();
+		const [x, show, shift] = target.querySelectorAll('button');
+
+		assert.htmlEqual(target.innerHTML, `<p>true</p><p>1</p>${buttons}`);
+		assert.deepEqual(logs, []);
+
+		// write x — the batch is pending on its async expression, and claims
+		// the `positive` derived (marked through x)
+		x.click();
+		await tick();
+		assert.deepEqual(logs, []);
+
+		// an independent batch runs the effect, which reads the claimed derived
+		// through the pending batch's overlay (x = 1, so `positive` is true)
+		show.click();
+		await tick();
+		assert.deepEqual(logs, ['positive true']);
+
+		// the pending batch settles and commits x = 2 — `positive` recomputes
+		// to the same value (true), so the effect should not re-run
+		shift.click();
+		await tick();
+		assert.deepEqual(logs, ['positive true']);
+		assert.htmlEqual(target.innerHTML, `<p>true</p><p>2</p>${buttons}`);
+	}
+});
diff --git a/packages/svelte/tests/runtime-runes/samples/async-commit-stale-reader-derived-equality/main.svelte b/packages/svelte/tests/runtime-runes/samples/async-commit-stale-reader-derived-equality/main.svelte
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..91214d6874
--- /dev/null
+++ b/packages/svelte/tests/runtime-runes/samples/async-commit-stale-reader-derived-equality/main.svelte
@@ -0,0 +1,26 @@
+<script>
+	let x = $state(1);
+	let show = $state(false);
+	let pend = false;
+
+	const deferred = [];
+
+	let positive = $derived(x > 0);
+
+	function delay(value) {
+		if (!pend) return value;
+		return new Promise((resolve) => deferred.push(() => resolve(value)));
+	}
+
+	$effect(() => {
+		if (show) {
+			console.log(`positive ${positive}`);
+		}
+	});
+</script>
+
+<p>{positive}</p>
+<p>{await delay(x)}</p>
+<button onclick={() => { pend = true; x += 1; }}>x</button>
+<button onclick={() => (show = true)}>show</button>
+<button onclick={() => deferred.shift()?.()}>shift</button>
diff --git a/packages/svelte/tests/runtime-runes/samples/async-commit-stale-reader-dropped-dep/_config.js b/packages/svelte/tests/runtime-runes/samples/async-commit-stale-reader-dropped-dep/_config.js
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..8aa913d73d
--- /dev/null
+++ b/packages/svelte/tests/runtime-runes/samples/async-commit-stale-reader-dropped-dep/_config.js
@@ -0,0 +1,37 @@
+import { tick } from 'svelte';
+import { test } from '../../test';
+
+export default test({
+	async test({ assert, target, logs }) {
+		await tick();
+		const [x, y, shift] = target.querySelectorAll('button');
+
+		assert.deepEqual(logs, ['effect _ 0']);
+
+		// write x — the batch is pending on its async expression
+		x.click();
+		await tick();
+		assert.deepEqual(logs, ['effect _ 0']);
+
+		// the effect reads `x` through the pending batch's overlay
+		// (seeing the held-back value 0)
+		y.click();
+		await tick();
+		assert.deepEqual(logs, ['effect _ 0', 'effect 0 1']);
+
+		// the effect re-runs and no longer depends on `x` at all
+		y.click();
+		await tick();
+		assert.deepEqual(logs, ['effect _ 0', 'effect 0 1', 'effect _ 2']);
+
+		// the pending batch settles and commits x = 1 — the effect no longer
+		// depends on `x`, so it should not re-run
+		shift.click();
+		await tick();
+		assert.deepEqual(logs, ['effect _ 0', 'effect 0 1', 'effect _ 2']);
+		assert.htmlEqual(
+			target.innerHTML,
+			'<p>1</p><button>x</button><button>y</button><button>shift</button>'
+		);
+	}
+});
diff --git a/packages/svelte/tests/runtime-runes/samples/async-commit-stale-reader-dropped-dep/main.svelte b/packages/svelte/tests/runtime-runes/samples/async-commit-stale-reader-dropped-dep/main.svelte
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..4d9d616293
--- /dev/null
+++ b/packages/svelte/tests/runtime-runes/samples/async-commit-stale-reader-dropped-dep/main.svelte
@@ -0,0 +1,24 @@
+<script>
+	let x = $state(0);
+	let y = $state(0);
+
+	const deferred = [];
+
+	function delay(value) {
+		if (!value) return value;
+		return new Promise((resolve) => deferred.push(() => resolve(value)));
+	}
+
+	$effect(() => {
+		if (y === 1) {
+			console.log(`effect ${x} ${y}`);
+		} else {
+			console.log(`effect _ ${y}`);
+		}
+	});
+</script>
+
+<p>{await delay(x)}</p>
+<button onclick={() => x++}>x</button>
+<button onclick={() => y++}>y</button>
+<button onclick={() => deferred.shift()?.()}>shift</button>
diff --git a/packages/svelte/tests/runtime-runes/samples/async-commit-stale-reader-unchanged/_config.js b/packages/svelte/tests/runtime-runes/samples/async-commit-stale-reader-unchanged/_config.js
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..4a6e2587d4
--- /dev/null
+++ b/packages/svelte/tests/runtime-runes/samples/async-commit-stale-reader-unchanged/_config.js
@@ -0,0 +1,33 @@
+import { tick } from 'svelte';
+import { test } from '../../test';
+
+export default test({
+	async test({ assert, target, logs }) {
+		await tick();
+		const [revert, y, shift] = target.querySelectorAll('button');
+
+		assert.htmlEqual(
+			target.innerHTML,
+			'<p>0</p><button>revert</button><button>y</button><button>shift</button>'
+		);
+		assert.deepEqual(logs, []);
+
+		// write x and revert it within the same batch — the batch is pending
+		// (its async expression re-runs), with previous === current for `x`
+		revert.click();
+		await tick();
+		assert.deepEqual(logs, []);
+
+		// an independent batch runs the effect, which now reads `x` through
+		// the pending batch's overlay (seeing the held-back value 0)
+		y.click();
+		await tick();
+		assert.deepEqual(logs, ['effect 0 1']);
+
+		// the pending batch settles and commits x === 0, i.e. exactly the value
+		// the effect already saw — it should not re-run
+		shift.click();
+		await tick();
+		assert.deepEqual(logs, ['effect 0 1']);
+	}
+});
diff --git a/packages/svelte/tests/runtime-runes/samples/async-commit-stale-reader-unchanged/main.svelte b/packages/svelte/tests/runtime-runes/samples/async-commit-stale-reader-unchanged/main.svelte
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..2c95b4a2f8
--- /dev/null
+++ b/packages/svelte/tests/runtime-runes/samples/async-commit-stale-reader-unchanged/main.svelte
@@ -0,0 +1,23 @@
+<script>
+	let x = $state(0);
+	let y = $state(0);
+	let pend = false;
+
+	const deferred = [];
+
+	function delay(value) {
+		if (!pend) return value;
+		return new Promise((resolve) => deferred.push(() => resolve(value)));
+	}
+
+	$effect(() => {
+		if (y > 0) {
+			console.log(`effect ${x} ${y}`);
+		}
+	});
+</script>
+
+<p>{await delay(x)}</p>
+<button onclick={() => { pend = true; x += 1; x -= 1; }}>revert</button>
+<button onclick={() => y++}>y</button>
+<button onclick={() => deferred.shift()?.()}>shift</button>
diff --git a/packages/svelte/tests/runtime-runes/samples/async-eager-reestablish-no-refetch/_config.js b/packages/svelte/tests/runtime-runes/samples/async-eager-reestablish-no-refetch/_config.js
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..b7177c7135
--- /dev/null
+++ b/packages/svelte/tests/runtime-runes/samples/async-eager-reestablish-no-refetch/_config.js
@@ -0,0 +1,36 @@
+import { tick } from 'svelte';
+import { test } from '../../test';
+
+const buttons = '<button>count</button><button>eager</button><button>shift</button>';
+
+export default test({
+	// running more than once per bump
+	async test({ assert, target, logs }) {
+		await tick();
+		const [count, eager, shift] = target.querySelectorAll('button');
+
+		assert.htmlEqual(target.innerHTML, `<p>-1</p>${buttons}`);
+		assert.deepEqual(logs, []);
+
+		// count++ creates a pending batch; the inner block (containing the
+		// $state.eager expression) is created inside it and belongs to it.
+		// it does not depend on `count`
+		count.click();
+		await tick();
+		assert.deepEqual(logs, ['inner 0']);
+
+		// an eager version bump re-runs the inner block in the eager batch's
+		// world — since the block doesn't depend on the pending batch's
+		// changes, it sees exactly the same values the owner's world would
+		eager.click();
+		await tick();
+		assert.deepEqual(logs, ['inner 0', 'inner 1']);
+
+		// the pending batch settles — nothing the inner block sees has
+		// changed since its eager run, so it should not be re-run
+		shift.click();
+		await tick();
+		assert.deepEqual(logs, ['inner 0', 'inner 1']);
+		assert.htmlEqual(target.innerHTML, `<p>0</p><span>1</span>${buttons}`);
+	}
+});
diff --git a/packages/svelte/tests/runtime-runes/samples/async-eager-reestablish-no-refetch/main.svelte b/packages/svelte/tests/runtime-runes/samples/async-eager-reestablish-no-refetch/main.svelte
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..3e4bd83e93
--- /dev/null
+++ b/packages/svelte/tests/runtime-runes/samples/async-eager-reestablish-no-refetch/main.svelte
@@ -0,0 +1,26 @@
+<script>
+	let count = $state(-1);
+	let eag = $state(0);
+
+	const deferred = [];
+
+	function delay(value) {
+		if (value < 0) return value;
+		return new Promise((resolve) => deferred.push(() => resolve(value)));
+	}
+
+	function log(value) {
+		console.log(`inner ${value}`);
+		return value >= 0;
+	}
+</script>
+
+<p>{await delay(count)}</p>
+{#if count >= 0}
+	{#if log($state.eager(eag))}
+		<span>{eag}</span>
+	{/if}
+{/if}
+<button onclick={() => count++}>count</button>
+<button onclick={() => eag++}>eager</button>
+<button onclick={() => deferred.shift()?.()}>shift</button>
diff --git a/packages/svelte/tests/runtime-runes/samples/async-starvation-fork/_config.js b/packages/svelte/tests/runtime-runes/samples/async-starvation-fork/_config.js
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..63cc35d1d0
--- /dev/null
+++ b/packages/svelte/tests/runtime-runes/samples/async-starvation-fork/_config.js
@@ -0,0 +1,47 @@
+import { tick } from 'svelte';
+import { test } from '../../test';
+
+export default test({
+	async test({ assert, target, warnings }) {
+		await tick();
+		const [increment, forkButton, commit, resolve_sealed, resolve_latest] =
+			target.querySelectorAll('button');
+		const [p] = target.querySelectorAll('p');
+
+		// restart the merged batch often enough that it becomes sealed
+		// (MAX_ENTANGLED_RESTARTS) — subsequent work must wait behind it
+		for (let i = 0; i < 11; i += 1) {
+			increment.click();
+			await tick();
+		}
+
+		assert.htmlEqual(p.innerHTML, '0:0');
+		assert.equal(warnings.length, 0);
+
+		// fork writes count in its own world and runs the async expression
+		// with count = 111
+		forkButton.click();
+		await tick();
+		assert.htmlEqual(p.innerHTML, '0:0');
+
+		// committing the fork claims its validated effect, which is owned by
+		// the sealed batch — the commit has to wait behind it
+		commit.click();
+		await tick();
+		assert.htmlEqual(p.innerHTML, '0:0');
+		assert.isTrue(warnings.length === 1 && warnings[0].includes('Your app is stuck in a loop'));
+
+		// the sealed batch settles and commits its world (count = 11), then
+		// releases the waiting fork-commit batch, which is still pending on
+		// the fork's in-flight run (111)
+		resolve_sealed.click();
+		await tick();
+		assert.htmlEqual(p.innerHTML, '11:11');
+
+		// resolving the fork's run commits the fork-committed world — the
+		// two halves of the paragraph must not tear
+		resolve_latest.click();
+		await tick();
+		assert.htmlEqual(p.innerHTML, '111:111');
+	}
+});
diff --git a/packages/svelte/tests/runtime-runes/samples/async-starvation-fork/main.svelte b/packages/svelte/tests/runtime-runes/samples/async-starvation-fork/main.svelte
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..99e6fe0ac1
--- /dev/null
+++ b/packages/svelte/tests/runtime-runes/samples/async-starvation-fork/main.svelte
@@ -0,0 +1,23 @@
+<script>
+	import { fork } from 'svelte';
+
+	let count = $state(0);
+	let f;
+
+	const deferred = new Map();
+
+	function delay(value) {
+		if (value === 0) return value;
+
+		return new Promise((resolve) => {
+			deferred.set(value, () => resolve(value));
+		});
+	}
+</script>
+
+<p>{count}:{await delay(count)}</p>
+<button onclick={() => count++}>increment</button>
+<button onclick={() => { f = fork(() => { count += 100; }); }}>fork</button>
+<button onclick={() => f.commit()}>commit</button>
+<button onclick={() => deferred.get(11)?.()}>resolve sealed</button>
+<button onclick={() => deferred.get(count)?.()}>resolve latest</button>