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svelte/documentation/docs/04-compiler-and-api/01-svelte-compiler.md

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---
title: 'svelte/compiler'
---
Typically, you won't interact with the Svelte compiler directly, but will instead integrate it into your build system using a bundler plugin. The bundler plugin that the Svelte team most recommends and invests in is [vite-plugin-svelte](https://github.com/sveltejs/vite-plugin-svelte). The [SvelteKit](https://kit.svelte.dev/) framework provides a setup leveraging `vite-plugin-svelte` to build applications as well as a [tool for packaging Svelte component libraries](https://kit.svelte.dev/docs/packaging). Svelte Society maintains a list of [other bundler plugins](https://sveltesociety.dev/tools/#bundling) for additional tools like Rollup and Webpack.
Nonetheless, it's useful to understand how to use the compiler, since bundler plugins generally expose compiler options to you.
## compile
> EXPORT_SNIPPET: svelte/compiler#compile
This is where the magic happens. `svelte.compile` takes your component source code, and turns it into a JavaScript module that exports a class.
```js
// @filename: ambient.d.ts
declare global {
var source: string
}
export {}
// @filename: index.ts
// ---cut---
import { compile } from 'svelte/compiler';
const result = compile(source, {
// options
});
```
Refer to [CompileOptions](#types-compileoptions) for all the available options.
The returned `result` object contains the code for your component, along with useful bits of metadata.
```ts
// @filename: ambient.d.ts
declare global {
const source: string;
}
export {};
// @filename: main.ts
import { compile } from 'svelte/compiler';
// ---cut---
const { js, css, ast, warnings, vars, stats } = compile(source);
```
Refer to [CompileResult](#types-compileresult) for a full description of the compile result.
## parse
> EXPORT_SNIPPET: svelte/compiler#parse
The `parse` function parses a component, returning only its abstract syntax tree. Unlike compiling with the `generate: false` option, this will not perform any validation or other analysis of the component beyond parsing it. Note that the returned AST is not considered public API, so breaking changes could occur at any point in time.
```js
// @filename: ambient.d.ts
declare global {
var source: string;
}
export {};
// @filename: main.ts
// ---cut---
import { parse } from 'svelte/compiler';
const ast = parse(source, { filename: 'App.svelte' });
```
## preprocess
> EXPORT_SNIPPET: svelte/compiler#preprocess
A number of [official and community-maintained preprocessing plugins](https://sveltesociety.dev/tools#preprocessors) are available to allow you to use Svelte with tools like TypeScript, PostCSS, SCSS, and Less.
You can write your own preprocessor using the `svelte.preprocess` API.
The `preprocess` function provides convenient hooks for arbitrarily transforming component source code. For example, it can be used to convert a `<style lang="sass">` block into vanilla CSS.
The first argument is the component source code. The second is an array of _preprocessors_ (or a single preprocessor, if you only have one), where a preprocessor is an object with a `name` which is required, and `markup`, `script` and `style` functions, each of which is optional.
The `markup` function receives the entire component source text, along with the component's `filename` if it was specified in the third argument.
The `script` and `style` functions receive the contents of `<script>` and `<style>` elements respectively (`content`) as well as the entire component source text (`markup`). In addition to `filename`, they get an object of the element's attributes.
Each `markup`, `script` or `style` function must return an object (or a Promise that resolves to an object) with a `code` property, representing the transformed source code. Optionally they can return an array of `dependencies` which represents files to watch for changes, and a `map` object which is a sourcemap mapping back the transformation to the original code. `script` and `style` preprocessors can optionally return a record of attributes which represent the updated attributes on the script/style tag.
> Preprocessor functions should return a `map` object whenever possible or else debugging becomes harder as stack traces can't link to the original code correctly.
```js
// @filename: ambient.d.ts
declare global {
var source: string;
}
export {};
// @filename: main.ts
// ---cut---
import { preprocess } from 'svelte/compiler';
import MagicString from 'magic-string';
const { code } = await preprocess(
source,
{
markup: ({ content, filename }) => {
const pos = content.indexOf('foo');
if (pos < 0) {
return { code: content };
}
const s = new MagicString(content, { filename });
s.overwrite(pos, pos + 3, 'bar', { storeName: true });
return {
code: s.toString(),
map: s.generateMap()
};
}
},
{
filename: 'App.svelte'
}
);
```
The `script` and `style` functions receive the contents of `<script>` and `<style>` elements respectively (`content`) as well as the entire component source text (`markup`). In addition to `filename`, they get an object of the element's attributes.
If a `dependencies` array is returned, it will be included in the result object. This is used by packages like [vite-plugin-svelte](https://github.com/sveltejs/vite-plugin-svelte) and [rollup-plugin-svelte](https://github.com/sveltejs/rollup-plugin-svelte) to watch additional files for changes, in the case where your `<style>` tag has an `@import` (for example).
```ts
// @filename: ambient.d.ts
declare global {
var source: string;
}
export {};
// @filename: main.ts
// @errors: 2322 2345 2339
/// <reference types="@types/node" />
// ---cut---
import { preprocess } from 'svelte/compiler';
import MagicString from 'magic-string';
import sass from 'sass';
import { dirname } from 'path';
const { code } = await preprocess(
source,
{
name: 'my-fancy-preprocessor',
markup: ({ content, filename }) => {
// Return code as is when no foo string present
const pos = content.indexOf('foo');
if (pos < 0) {
return;
}
// Replace foo with bar using MagicString which provides
// a source map along with the changed code
const s = new MagicString(content, { filename });
s.overwrite(pos, pos + 3, 'bar', { storeName: true });
return {
code: s.toString(),
map: s.generateMap({ hires: true, file: filename })
};
},
style: async ({ content, attributes, filename }) => {
// only process <style lang="sass">
if (attributes.lang !== 'sass') return;
const { css, stats } = await new Promise((resolve, reject) =>
sass.render(
{
file: filename,
data: content,
includePaths: [dirname(filename)]
},
(err, result) => {
if (err) reject(err);
else resolve(result);
}
)
);
// remove lang attribute from style tag
delete attributes.lang;
return {
code: css.toString(),
dependencies: stats.includedFiles,
attributes
};
}
},
{
filename: 'App.svelte'
}
);
```
Multiple preprocessors can be used together. The output of the first becomes the input to the second. Within one preprocessor, `markup` runs first, then `script` and `style`.
> In Svelte 3, all `markup` functions ran first, then all `script` and then all `style` preprocessors. This order was changed in Svelte 4.
```js
update type generation script (#8712) * chore: playground (#8648) * initialize playground * pnpm up * tidy up git ignore * remove fluff * format * rm readme * fix jsconfig error * add skip-worktree instructions * reload hack * simplify * use rollup * ughh * add flag for SSR * ... * simplify further * configure launch.json * add debugger info to readme * remove vm modules flag * use replaceAll instead of replace * tidy up * fix: make it run * add watch to launch config * Generate type declarations with `dts-buddy` (#8702) * use dts-buddy * remove debug output * remove existing type generation script * fix package.json * update gitignore * bump dts-buddy * remove unused action entry point * add svelte/compiler and svelte/types/compiler/preprocess modules * bump dts-buddy * annoying * changeset * bump dts-buddy * get rid of .d.ts files * another one * Update packages/svelte/package.json Co-authored-by: gtmnayan <50981692+gtm-nayan@users.noreply.github.com> --------- Co-authored-by: Rich Harris <git@rich-harris.dev> Co-authored-by: gtmnayan <50981692+gtm-nayan@users.noreply.github.com> * fix: export ComponentType (#8694) * fix: export ComponentType * ughh * changeset * fix: derived types (#8700) * fix: derived store types * changeset * Version Packages (next) (#8709) Co-authored-by: github-actions[bot] <github-actions[bot]@users.noreply.github.com> * update type generation script * remove unused stuff * fix: changeset publish script isn't called release anymore (#8711) * chore: remove prepare script (#8713) * chore: fix release workflow (#8716) * More readable, Fix $$_attributes * Fix types (#8727) * put comment in right place * bump dts-buddy --------- Co-authored-by: Rich Harris <git@rich-harris.dev> * build types * add svelte/compiler types * remove prepare script * fix * typo * squelch errors * Add svelte and kit to twoslash's types field * squelch more stuff * Add errors to account for new types * Remove deps * formatting tweak * fix linting, maybe * the hell * gah * Fix types a bit * bump dts-buddy * pnpm generate in dev mode * Cache again * reduce index * bump dts-buddy * remove comment --------- Co-authored-by: gtmnayan <50981692+gtm-nayan@users.noreply.github.com> Co-authored-by: Rich Harris <git@rich-harris.dev> Co-authored-by: github-actions[bot] <41898282+github-actions[bot]@users.noreply.github.com> Co-authored-by: github-actions[bot] <github-actions[bot]@users.noreply.github.com> Co-authored-by: Dominik G <dominik.goepel@gmx.de> Co-authored-by: Ben McCann <322311+benmccann@users.noreply.github.com> Co-authored-by: Puru Vijay <devpuruvj@gmail.com>
1 year ago
// @errors: 2322
// @filename: ambient.d.ts
declare global {
var source: string;
}
export {};
// @filename: main.ts
// ---cut---
import { preprocess } from 'svelte/compiler';
const { code } = await preprocess(source, [
{
name: 'first preprocessor',
markup: () => {
console.log('this runs first');
},
script: () => {
console.log('this runs second');
},
style: () => {
console.log('this runs third');
}
},
{
name: 'second preprocessor',
markup: () => {
console.log('this runs fourth');
},
script: () => {
console.log('this runs fifth');
},
style: () => {
console.log('this runs sixth');
}
}
], {
filename: 'App.svelte'
});
```
## walk
> EXPORT_SNIPPET: svelte/compiler#walk
The `walk` function provides a way to walk the abstract syntax trees generated by the parser, using the compiler's own built-in instance of [estree-walker](https://github.com/Rich-Harris/estree-walker).
The walker takes an abstract syntax tree to walk and an object with two optional methods: `enter` and `leave`. For each node, `enter` is called (if present). Then, unless `this.skip()` is called during `enter`, each of the children are traversed, and then `leave` is called on the node.
```js
// @filename: ambient.d.ts
declare global {
var ast: import('estree').Node;
function do_something(node: import('estree').Node): void;
function do_something_else(node: import('estree').Node): void;
function should_skip_children(node: import('estree').Node): boolean;
}
export {};
// @filename: main.ts
// @errors: 7006
// ---cut---
import { walk } from 'svelte/compiler';
walk(ast, {
enter(node, parent, prop, index) {
do_something(node);
if (should_skip_children(node)) {
this.skip();
}
},
leave(node, parent, prop, index) {
do_something_else(node);
}
});
```
## VERSION
> EXPORT_SNIPPET: svelte/compiler#VERSION
The current version, as set in package.json.
```js
import { VERSION } from 'svelte/compiler';
console.log(`running svelte version ${VERSION}`);
```
update type generation script (#8712) * chore: playground (#8648) * initialize playground * pnpm up * tidy up git ignore * remove fluff * format * rm readme * fix jsconfig error * add skip-worktree instructions * reload hack * simplify * use rollup * ughh * add flag for SSR * ... * simplify further * configure launch.json * add debugger info to readme * remove vm modules flag * use replaceAll instead of replace * tidy up * fix: make it run * add watch to launch config * Generate type declarations with `dts-buddy` (#8702) * use dts-buddy * remove debug output * remove existing type generation script * fix package.json * update gitignore * bump dts-buddy * remove unused action entry point * add svelte/compiler and svelte/types/compiler/preprocess modules * bump dts-buddy * annoying * changeset * bump dts-buddy * get rid of .d.ts files * another one * Update packages/svelte/package.json Co-authored-by: gtmnayan <50981692+gtm-nayan@users.noreply.github.com> --------- Co-authored-by: Rich Harris <git@rich-harris.dev> Co-authored-by: gtmnayan <50981692+gtm-nayan@users.noreply.github.com> * fix: export ComponentType (#8694) * fix: export ComponentType * ughh * changeset * fix: derived types (#8700) * fix: derived store types * changeset * Version Packages (next) (#8709) Co-authored-by: github-actions[bot] <github-actions[bot]@users.noreply.github.com> * update type generation script * remove unused stuff * fix: changeset publish script isn't called release anymore (#8711) * chore: remove prepare script (#8713) * chore: fix release workflow (#8716) * More readable, Fix $$_attributes * Fix types (#8727) * put comment in right place * bump dts-buddy --------- Co-authored-by: Rich Harris <git@rich-harris.dev> * build types * add svelte/compiler types * remove prepare script * fix * typo * squelch errors * Add svelte and kit to twoslash's types field * squelch more stuff * Add errors to account for new types * Remove deps * formatting tweak * fix linting, maybe * the hell * gah * Fix types a bit * bump dts-buddy * pnpm generate in dev mode * Cache again * reduce index * bump dts-buddy * remove comment --------- Co-authored-by: gtmnayan <50981692+gtm-nayan@users.noreply.github.com> Co-authored-by: Rich Harris <git@rich-harris.dev> Co-authored-by: github-actions[bot] <41898282+github-actions[bot]@users.noreply.github.com> Co-authored-by: github-actions[bot] <github-actions[bot]@users.noreply.github.com> Co-authored-by: Dominik G <dominik.goepel@gmx.de> Co-authored-by: Ben McCann <322311+benmccann@users.noreply.github.com> Co-authored-by: Puru Vijay <devpuruvj@gmail.com>
1 year ago
## Types
> TYPES: svelte/compiler