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@ -1 +1,388 @@
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努力编写中...
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# 一文直接带你吃透 ArrayList
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> ArrayList 是日常开发中相当常见、面试也相当常考的一种 JDK 集合类,了解并熟悉、甚至能实现一个 ArrayList 对面试、提升自己编码功底大有益处。
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## 一、写给小白 ArrayList 简单使用技巧
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这部分是 ArrayList 的简单使用技巧,主要是介绍 ArrayList 的几个常见方法。
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```java
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/**
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* 编写一个ArrayList的简单实用demo
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* ArrayList 的常见方法包括:
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* add(element):添加元素
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* get(index):获取下标元素
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* remove(index):移除下标对应元素
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* set(index,element):将index处的元素修改为element
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*/
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public class arrayList {
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public static void main(String[] args) {
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// 创建 ArrayList 的对象
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ArrayList al = new ArrayList();
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// 添加元素
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al.add("finky");
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// 构造随机数并进行添加
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Random rnd = new Random();
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for (int i = 0; i < 20; i++) {
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al.add(rnd.nextInt(1000));
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}
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// 取出ArrayList里的元素进行打印
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for (int i = 0; i < al.size(); i++) {
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System.out.print(al.get(i) + " ");
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}
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// 修改0号index成的元素为doocs
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System.out.println();
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al.set(0, "doocs");
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System.out.println(al.get(0));
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// 移除“doocs”元素
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al.remove(0);
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System.out.println(al.get(0));
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}
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}
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```
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```java
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// 这是上面打印后的demo,可以看到第0处下标元素先是修改成了doocs,进行移除后,第0处下标元素变成了912
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finky 912 922 284 305 675 565 159 109 73 298 491 920 296 397 358 145 610 190 839 845
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doocs
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912
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```
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## 二、ArrayList 的源码分析
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我们来看看 ArrayList 的源码:
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#### 1、来看看 ArrayList 的初始化:
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```java
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// ArrayList 初始化时默认大小为10
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private static final int DEFAULT_CAPACITY = 10;
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// 直接初始化的话一个空数组
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private static final Object[] EMPTY_ELEMENTDATA = {};
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// 初始化ArrayList,传入初始化时的大小
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public ArrayList(int initialCapacity) {
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if (initialCapacity > 0) {
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this.elementData = new Object[initialCapacity];
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} else if (initialCapacity == 0) {
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this.elementData = EMPTY_ELEMENTDATA;
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} else {
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throw new IllegalArgumentException("Illegal Capacity: "+
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initialCapacity);
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}
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}
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// 如果不传入大小的话就默认大小是10,那么这里就有一个问题:我们上面插入的元素超过了10,继续插入元素就会进行拷贝扩容,性能不是特别高。所以我们一般情况下初始化时给定一个比较靠谱的数组大小,避免到时候导致元素不断拷贝
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public ArrayList() {
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this.elementData = DEFAULTCAPACITY_EMPTY_ELEMENTDATA;
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}
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```
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总结一下 ArrayList 初始化:我们创建 ArrayList 对象时,如果没有传入对应的大小,就会默认创建一个元素大小为 10 的数组,下次插入元素超过 10 时,会进行数组的拷贝扩容,这样性能消耗太高,所以建议就是在初始化时给定一个不要太小的容量大小。==
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#### 2、 ArrayList 的 add 方法:
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先上`add` 方法的代码:
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```java
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public boolean add(E e) {
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ensureCapacityInternal(size + 1); // Increments modCount!!
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elementData[size++] = e;
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return true;
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}
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public void add(int index, E element) {
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rangeCheckForAdd(index);
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ensureCapacityInternal(size + 1); // Increments modCount!!
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System.arraycopy(elementData, index, elementData, index + 1,
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size - index);
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elementData[index] = element;
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size++;
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}
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public void add(E e) {
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checkForComodification();
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try {
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int i = cursor;
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ArrayList.this.add(i, e);
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cursor = i + 1;
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lastRet = -1;
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expectedModCount = modCount;
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} catch (IndexOutOfBoundsException ex) {
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throw new ConcurrentModificationException();
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}
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}
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private void rangeCheck(int index) {
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if (index < 0 || index >= this.size)
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throw new IndexOutOfBoundsException(outOfBoundsMsg(index));
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}
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}
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```
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![arraylist添加集合的方法](../../../images/JDK1.8/arraylist的add方法.png)
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先判断当前数组元素是否满了,如果塞满了就会进行数组扩容,随后进行数组拷贝。
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再然后插入元素,同时对应的 index++。
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#### 3、瞧瞧 ArrayList 的 set 方法:
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```java
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public E set(int index, E element) {
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rangeCheck(index);
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E oldValue = elementData(index);
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elementData[index] = element;
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return oldValue;
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}
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public void set(E e) {
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if (lastRet < 0)
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throw new IllegalStateException();
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checkForComodification();
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try {
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ArrayList.this.set(lastRet, e);
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} catch (IndexOutOfBoundsException ex) {
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throw new ConcurrentModificationException();
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}
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}
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```
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1、先进行 index 判断是否越界,如果没有越界的话获取原来的旧的值
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2、进行替换并返回该位置原来的旧的值
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#### 4、ArrayList 的 get 方法:
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```java
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public E get(int index) {
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rangeCheck(index);
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checkForComodification();
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return ArrayList.this.elementData(offset + index);
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}
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```
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进行 index 是否越界的判断,然后去取对应下标的值。
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#### 5、ArrayList 的 remove 方法:
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```java
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public void remove() {
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if (lastRet < 0)
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throw new IllegalStateException();
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checkForComodification();
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try {
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ArrayList.this.remove(lastRet);
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cursor = lastRet;
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lastRet = -1;
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expectedModCount = modCount;
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} catch (IndexOutOfBoundsException ex) {
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throw new ConcurrentModificationException();
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}
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}
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public E remove(int index) {
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// 进行index是否越界的判断
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rangeCheck(index);
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checkForComodification();
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E result = parent.remove(parentOffset + index);
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this.modCount = parent.modCount;
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this.size--;
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return result;
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}
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public E remove(int index) {
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rangeCheck(index);
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modCount++;
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E oldValue = elementData(index);
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int numMoved = size - index - 1;
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if (numMoved > 0)
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System.arraycopy(elementData, index+1, elementData, index,
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numMoved);
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elementData[--size] = null;
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return oldValue;
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}
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```
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![arrayList删除元素的过程.png](../../../images/JDK1.8/arrayList删除元素的过程.png)
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1、先进行下标是否越界的判断,获取 index 处的元素值(这是要删除的值)
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2、然后进行元素拷贝,把 index 后面的元素往前拷贝
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#### 6、关于 ArrayList 动态扩容和数组拷贝:
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```java
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private void ensureCapacityInternal(int minCapacity) {
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ensureExplicitCapacity(calculateCapacity(elementData, minCapacity));
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}
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private void ensureExplicitCapacity(int minCapacity) {
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modCount++;
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if (minCapacity - elementData.length > 0)
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grow(minCapacity);
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}
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private void grow(int minCapacity) {
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// overflow-conscious code
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int oldCapacity = elementData.length;
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// 扩容的代码:这里做了位运算,相当于数组扩容了1.5倍
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int newCapacity = oldCapacity + (oldCapacity >> 1);
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if (newCapacity - minCapacity < 0)
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newCapacity = minCapacity;
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if (newCapacity - MAX_ARRAY_SIZE > 0)
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newCapacity = hugeCapacity(minCapacity);
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// 随后进行元素拷贝
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elementData = Arrays.copyOf(elementData, newCapacity);
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}
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```
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现在假定场景:arraylist 中已经有 10 个元素类,要放第 11 个元素。
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此时进行容量检测,出现问题:空间大小不够。
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解决方法:此时进行数组扩容右位移 1(**相当于总容量多加 1.5 倍**)扩容,老的大小+老大小的一半,进行元素拷贝
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## 三、来仿照 JDK 源码写一个自己的 ArrayList 把
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```java
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public class OwnArrayList<E> {
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private E data[];
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private int size;
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public OwnArrayList(int capacity) {
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data = (E[]) new Object[capacity];
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size = 0;
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}
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// 初始化是默认设置大小为20
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public OwnArrayList() {
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this(20);
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}
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// 获取数组容量
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public int getCapacity() {
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return data.length;
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}
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// 获取数组元素个数
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public int getSize() {
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return size;
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}
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// 判断数组是否为空
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public boolean isEmpity() {
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return size == 0;
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}
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// 获取index索引位置的元素
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public E get(int index) {
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if (index < 0 || index >= size)
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throw new IllegalArgumentException("add failed,the index should >= 0 or <= size");
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return data[index];
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}
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// 修改index索引位置的元素为e
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public void set(int index, E e) {
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if (index < 0 || index >= size)
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throw new IllegalArgumentException("add failed,the index should >= 0 or <= size");
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data[index] = e;
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}
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// 在数组中间插入一个元素
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public void add(int index, E element) {
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if (size == data.length) {
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throw new IllegalArgumentException("AddLast failed,array has already full");
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}
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if (index < 0 || index > size) {
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throw new IllegalArgumentException("add failed,the index should >= 0 or <= size");
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}
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for (int i = size - 1; i >= index; i--) {
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data[i + 1] = data[i];
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}
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data[index] = element;
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size++;
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}
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// 向数组元素末尾添加一个元素
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public void addLast(E element) {
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add(size,element);
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}
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// 在数组头部插入一个元素
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public void addFirst(E element) {
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add(0, element);
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}
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// 判断是否含有元素
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public boolean contains(E e) {
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for (int i = 0; i < size; i++)
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if (data[i] == e)
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return true;
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return false;
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|
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}
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|
|
|
|
|
|
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|
// 查找元素e的位置
|
|
|
|
|
public int find(E e) {
|
|
|
|
|
for (int i = 0; i < size; i++) {
|
|
|
|
|
if (data[i] == e) {
|
|
|
|
|
return i;
|
|
|
|
|
}
|
|
|
|
|
}
|
|
|
|
|
return -1;
|
|
|
|
|
}
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|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
// 删除index位置的元素
|
|
|
|
|
public E remove(int index) {
|
|
|
|
|
if (index < 0 || index > size) {
|
|
|
|
|
throw new IllegalArgumentException("index should be 0 to size");
|
|
|
|
|
}
|
|
|
|
|
E remove_element = data[index];
|
|
|
|
|
for (int i = index + 1; i < size; i++) {
|
|
|
|
|
data[i - 1] = data[i];
|
|
|
|
|
}
|
|
|
|
|
size--;
|
|
|
|
|
return remove_element;
|
|
|
|
|
}
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
// 删除末尾元素
|
|
|
|
|
// 注意:这是逻辑删除,但是size的大小已经做了相应的减少,所以从实际意义上我们外界并不能访问到末尾元素的值
|
|
|
|
|
public E removelast() {
|
|
|
|
|
return remove(size - 1);
|
|
|
|
|
}
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
// 删除开头元素
|
|
|
|
|
public E removeFirst() {
|
|
|
|
|
return remove(0);
|
|
|
|
|
}
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
// 将数组空间的容量变成newCapacity大小
|
|
|
|
|
private void resize(int newCapacity) {
|
|
|
|
|
newCapacity = getCapacity()*2;
|
|
|
|
|
E[] newData = (E[]) new Object[newCapacity];
|
|
|
|
|
for (int i = 0; i < size; i++)
|
|
|
|
|
newData[i] = data[i];
|
|
|
|
|
data = newData;
|
|
|
|
|
}
|
|
|
|
|
}
|
|
|
|
|
```
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
## 四、面试时关于 ArrayList 要说的事
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
如果有人问你 ArrayList 知多少,我觉得可以从这几个方面出发:
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
ArrayList 的底层是基于数组进行的,进行随机位置的插入和删除、以及扩容时性能很差,但进行随机的读和取时速度却很快。
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
接着可以从源码的角度分析 add、remove、set、get、数组扩容拷贝的过程场景。
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
最后也是特别重要的一点,就是要积极掌握主动性,延伸出 LinkedList 的特点、源码、两者间的对比等。
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
注:当需要动态数组时我们通常使用 ArrayList 而不是使用类似的 vector,这里有一点说明一下,就是尽管 Vector 的方法都是线程安全的,但其在单线程下需要花费的时间更多,而 ArrayList 尽管不是线程安全的,但其花费的时间很少。
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
## 终:参考资料
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
1. JDK 集合框架 ArrayList 源码
|
|
|
|
|
2. 《Core.Java.Volume.I.Fundamentals.11th.Edition》
|
|
|
|
|