Merge remote-tracking branch 'remotes/other_master/master'

README.md

@@ -143,9 +143,11 @@
 - 努力编写中...
 
 ## 番外篇（JDK 1.8）
-- [HashMap 源码赏析]()
-- [ConcurrentHashMap 源码赏析]()
-- [String 源码赏析]()
+- [Executor 线程池组件](docs/JDK/Executor线程池组件.md)
+- [Lock 锁组件](docs/JDK/Lock锁组件.md)
+- [HashMap 源码赏析](docs/JDK/HashMap.md)
+- [ConcurrentHashMap 源码赏析](docs/JDK/ConcurrentHashMap.md)
+- [String 源码赏析](docs/JDK/String.md)
 
 ## 学习心得
 ### 个人经验

docs/JDK/Executor线程池组件.md

@@ -0,0 +1,252 @@
+## 线程池核心组件图解
+看源码之前，先了解一下该组件 最主要的几个 接口、抽象类和实现类的结构关系。
+
+![avatar](/images/JDK1.8/线程池组件类图.png)
+
+该组件中，Executor 和 ExecutorService接口 定义了线程池最核心的几个方法，提交任务submit
+()、关闭线程池shutdown()。抽象类 AbstractExecutorService 主要对公共行为 submit()系列方法进行了实现，这些 submit()方法 的实现使用了 模板方法模式，其中调用的 execute()方法 是未实现的 来自 Executor接口 的方法。实现类 ThreadPoolExecutor 则对线程池进行了具体而复杂的实现。
+
+另外还有一个常见的工具类 Executors，里面为开发者封装了一些可以直接拿来用的线程池。
+
+## 源码赏析
+话不多说，直接上源码。（这里只看最主要的代码部分）
+
+### Executor 和 ExecutorService接口
+```java
+public interface Executor {
+
+    /**
+     * 在将来的某个时间执行给定的 Runnable。该 Runnable 可以在新线程、池线程或调用线程中执行。
+     */
+    void execute(Runnable command);
+}
+
+public interface ExecutorService extends Executor {
+
+    /**
+     * 优雅关闭，该关闭会继续执行完以前提交的任务，但不再接受新任务。
+     */
+    void shutdown();
+
+    /**
+     * 提交一个有返回值的任务，并返回该任务的 未来执行完成后的结果。
+     * Future的 get()方法 将在成功完成后返回任务的结果。
+     */
+    <T> Future<T> submit(Callable<T> task);
+
+    <T> Future<T> submit(Runnable task, T result);
+
+    Future<?> submit(Runnable task);
+}
+```
+### AbstractExecutorService 抽象类
+```java
+/**
+ * 该抽象类最主要的内容就是，实现了 ExecutorService 中的 submit()系列方法
+ */
+public abstract class AbstractExecutorService implements ExecutorService {
+
+    /**
+     * 提交任务 进行执行，返回获取未来结果的 Future对象。
+     * 这里使用了 “模板方法模式”，execute()方法来自 Executor接口，该抽象类中并未进行实现，
+     * 而是交由子类具体实现。
+     */
+    public Future<?> submit(Runnable task) {
+        if (task == null) throw new NullPointerException();
+        RunnableFuture<Void> ftask = newTaskFor(task, null);
+        execute(ftask);
+        return ftask;
+    }
+
+    public <T> Future<T> submit(Runnable task, T result) {
+        if (task == null) throw new NullPointerException();
+        RunnableFuture<T> ftask = newTaskFor(task, result);
+        execute(ftask);
+        return ftask;
+    }
+
+    public <T> Future<T> submit(Callable<T> task) {
+        if (task == null) throw new NullPointerException();
+        RunnableFuture<T> ftask = newTaskFor(task);
+        execute(ftask);
+        return ftask;
+    }
+}
+```
+
+### ThreadPoolExecutor 
+```java
+public class ThreadPoolExecutor extends AbstractExecutorService {
+
+    /**
+     * **************
+     * ** 主要属性 **
+     * **************
+     */
+
+	/** 阻塞队列 */
+    private final BlockingQueue<Runnable> workQueue;
+
+    /** 用于创建线程的 线程工厂 */
+    private volatile ThreadFactory threadFactory;
+    
+    /** 核心线程数 */
+    private volatile int corePoolSize;
+
+    /** 最大线程数 */
+    private volatile int maximumPoolSize;
+
+
+    /**
+     * **************
+     * ** 构造方法 **
+     * **************
+     */
+     
+    /** 最后都使用了最后一个构造方法的实现 */
+    public ThreadPoolExecutor(int corePoolSize,
+                              int maximumPoolSize,
+                              long keepAliveTime,
+                              TimeUnit unit,
+                              BlockingQueue<Runnable> workQueue) {
+        this(corePoolSize, maximumPoolSize, keepAliveTime, unit, workQueue,
+             Executors.defaultThreadFactory(), defaultHandler);
+    }
+
+    public ThreadPoolExecutor(int corePoolSize,
+                              int maximumPoolSize,
+                              long keepAliveTime,
+                              TimeUnit unit,
+                              BlockingQueue<Runnable> workQueue,
+                              ThreadFactory threadFactory) {
+        this(corePoolSize, maximumPoolSize, keepAliveTime, unit, workQueue,
+             threadFactory, defaultHandler);
+    }
+
+    public ThreadPoolExecutor(int corePoolSize,
+                              int maximumPoolSize,
+                              long keepAliveTime,
+                              TimeUnit unit,
+                              BlockingQueue<Runnable> workQueue,
+                              RejectedExecutionHandler handler) {
+        this(corePoolSize, maximumPoolSize, keepAliveTime, unit, workQueue,
+             Executors.defaultThreadFactory(), handler);
+    }
+
+    public ThreadPoolExecutor(int corePoolSize,
+                              int maximumPoolSize,
+                              long keepAliveTime,
+                              TimeUnit unit,
+                              BlockingQueue<Runnable> workQueue,
+                              ThreadFactory threadFactory,
+                              RejectedExecutionHandler handler) {
+        if (corePoolSize < 0 ||
+            maximumPoolSize <= 0 ||
+            maximumPoolSize < corePoolSize ||
+            keepAliveTime < 0)
+            throw new IllegalArgumentException();
+        if (workQueue == null || threadFactory == null || handler == null)
+            throw new NullPointerException();
+        this.corePoolSize = corePoolSize;
+        this.maximumPoolSize = maximumPoolSize;
+        this.workQueue = workQueue;
+        this.keepAliveTime = unit.toNanos(keepAliveTime);
+        this.threadFactory = threadFactory;
+        this.handler = handler;
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * **************
+     * ** 主要实现 **
+     * **************
+     */
+
+	/** 执行 Runnable任务 */
+    public void execute(Runnable command) {
+        if (command == null)
+            throw new NullPointerException();
+        /*
+         * 分三步进行：
+         *
+         * 1、如果运行的线程少于 corePoolSize，尝试开启一个新的线程；否则尝试进入工作队列
+         *
+         * 2. 如果工作队列没满，则进入工作队列；否则 判断是否超出最大线程数
+         *
+         * 3. 如果未超出最大线程数，则尝试开启一个新的线程；否则 按饱和策略处理无法执行的任务
+         */
+        int c = ctl.get();
+        if (workerCountOf(c) < corePoolSize) {
+            if (addWorker(command, true))
+                return;
+            c = ctl.get();
+        }
+        if (isRunning(c) && workQueue.offer(command)) {
+            int recheck = ctl.get();
+            if (! isRunning(recheck) && remove(command))
+                reject(command);
+            else if (workerCountOf(recheck) == 0)
+                addWorker(null, false);
+        }
+        else if (!addWorker(command, false))
+            reject(command);
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * 优雅关闭，在其中执行以前提交的任务，但不接受新任务。如果已关闭，则调用没有其他效果。
+     */
+    public void shutdown() {
+        final ReentrantLock mainLock = this.mainLock;
+        mainLock.lock();
+        try {
+            checkShutdownAccess();
+            advanceRunState(SHUTDOWN);
+            interruptIdleWorkers();
+            onShutdown(); // hook for ScheduledThreadPoolExecutor
+        } finally {
+            mainLock.unlock();
+        }
+        tryTerminate();
+    }
+}
+```
+ThreadPoolExecutor 中的 execute()方法 执行 Runnable任务 的流程逻辑可以用下图表示。
+
+![avatar](/images/ConcurrentProgramming/线程池流程.png)
+
+### 工具类 Executors
+看类名也知道，它最主要的作用就是提供 static 的工具方法，为开发者提供各种封装好的 具有各自特性的线程池。
+```java
+public class Executors {
+
+    /**
+     * 创建一个固定线程数量的线程池
+     */
+    public static ExecutorService newFixedThreadPool(int nThreads) {
+        return new ThreadPoolExecutor(nThreads, nThreads,
+                                      0L, TimeUnit.MILLISECONDS,
+                                      new LinkedBlockingQueue<Runnable>());
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * 创建一个单线程的线程池
+     */
+    public static ExecutorService newSingleThreadExecutor() {
+        return new FinalizableDelegatedExecutorService
+            (new ThreadPoolExecutor(1, 1,
+                                    0L, TimeUnit.MILLISECONDS,
+                                    new LinkedBlockingQueue<Runnable>()));
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * 创建一个缓存的，可动态伸缩的线程池。
+     * 可以看出来：核心线程数为0，最大线程数为Integer.MAX_VALUE，如果任务数在某一瞬间暴涨，
+     * 这个线程池很可能会把 服务器撑爆。
+     * 另外需要注意的是，它们底层都是使用了 ThreadPoolExecutor，只不过帮我们配好了参数
+     */
+    public static ExecutorService newCachedThreadPool() {
+        return new ThreadPoolExecutor(0, Integer.MAX_VALUE,
+                                      60L, TimeUnit.SECONDS,
+                                      new SynchronousQueue<Runnable>());
+    }
+}
+```

docs/JDK/Lock锁组件.md

@@ -0,0 +1,648 @@
+## 类图结构
+J.U.C 的锁组件中 类相对较少，从JDK相应的包中也能看出来，下图标记了其中最主要的几个接口和类，也是本文要分析的重点。
+
+![avatar](/images/JDK1.8/JUC的locks包.png)
+
+下图 将这几个接口和类 以类图的方式展现出来，其中包含了它们所声明的主要方法。
+
+![avatar](/images/JDK1.8/JUC锁组件类图.png)
+
+## Lock 组件
+Lock 组件的结构很简单，只有一个接口和一个实现类，源码如下。
+```java
+public interface Lock {
+
+    /**
+     * 获取锁
+     */
+    void lock();
+
+    /**
+     * 获取锁，除非当前线程中断
+     */
+    void lockInterruptibly() throws InterruptedException;
+
+    /**
+     * 只有当调用时 锁是空闲的情况下，才获取锁
+     */
+    boolean tryLock();
+
+    /**
+     * 如果锁在给定的等待时间内空闲且当前线程未被中断，则获取该锁
+     */
+    boolean tryLock(long time, TimeUnit unit) throws InterruptedException;
+
+    /**
+     * 释放锁
+     */
+    void unlock();
+}
+
+public class ReentrantLock implements Lock, java.io.Serializable {
+
+	/** 提供所有实现机制的同步器，ReentrantLock 的主要方法都依赖于该对象进行实现 */
+    private final Sync sync;
+
+    /**
+     * ReentrantLock锁 的同步控制基础。它的两个子类分别实现了公平锁和非公平锁，如下。
+     */
+    abstract static class Sync extends AbstractQueuedSynchronizer {
+        private static final long serialVersionUID = -5179523762034025860L;
+
+        abstract void lock();
+
+        /**
+         * Performs non-fair tryLock.  tryAcquire is implemented in
+         * subclasses, but both need nonfair try for trylock method.
+         */
+        final boolean nonfairTryAcquire(int acquires) {
+            final Thread current = Thread.currentThread();
+            int c = getState();
+            if (c == 0) {
+                if (compareAndSetState(0, acquires)) {
+                    setExclusiveOwnerThread(current);
+                    return true;
+                }
+            }
+            else if (current == getExclusiveOwnerThread()) {
+                int nextc = c + acquires;
+                if (nextc < 0) // overflow
+                    throw new Error("Maximum lock count exceeded");
+                setState(nextc);
+                return true;
+            }
+            return false;
+        }
+
+        protected final boolean tryRelease(int releases) {
+            int c = getState() - releases;
+            if (Thread.currentThread() != getExclusiveOwnerThread())
+                throw new IllegalMonitorStateException();
+            boolean free = false;
+            if (c == 0) {
+                free = true;
+                setExclusiveOwnerThread(null);
+            }
+            setState(c);
+            return free;
+        }
+
+        final boolean isLocked() {
+            return getState() != 0;
+        }
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * 非公平锁，基于上面的 Sync类
+     */
+    static final class NonfairSync extends Sync {
+        private static final long serialVersionUID = 7316153563782823691L;
+
+        final void lock() {
+            if (compareAndSetState(0, 1))
+                setExclusiveOwnerThread(Thread.currentThread());
+            else
+                acquire(1);
+        }
+
+        protected final boolean tryAcquire(int acquires) {
+            return nonfairTryAcquire(acquires);
+        }
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * 公平锁，基于上面的 Sync类
+     */
+    static final class FairSync extends Sync {
+        private static final long serialVersionUID = -3000897897090466540L;
+
+        final void lock() {
+            acquire(1);
+        }
+
+        protected final boolean tryAcquire(int acquires) {
+            final Thread current = Thread.currentThread();
+            int c = getState();
+            if (c == 0) {
+                if (!hasQueuedPredecessors() &&
+                    compareAndSetState(0, acquires)) {
+                    setExclusiveOwnerThread(current);
+                    return true;
+                }
+            }
+            else if (current == getExclusiveOwnerThread()) {
+                int nextc = c + acquires;
+                if (nextc < 0)
+                    throw new Error("Maximum lock count exceeded");
+                setState(nextc);
+                return true;
+            }
+            return false;
+        }
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * 无参初始化时，默认实例化 非公平锁
+     */
+    public ReentrantLock() {
+        sync = new NonfairSync();
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * 可通过参数fair 控制实例化的是 公平锁还是非公平锁
+     */
+    public ReentrantLock(boolean fair) {
+        sync = fair ? new FairSync() : new NonfairSync();
+    }
+
+    public void lock() {
+        sync.lock();
+    }
+
+    public boolean tryLock() {
+        return sync.nonfairTryAcquire(1);
+    }
+
+    public boolean tryLock(long timeout, TimeUnit unit)
+            throws InterruptedException {
+        return sync.tryAcquireNanos(1, unit.toNanos(timeout));
+    }
+
+    public void unlock() {
+        sync.release(1);
+    }
+
+    public boolean isLocked() {
+        return sync.isLocked();
+    }
+
+    public final boolean isFair() {
+        return sync instanceof FairSync;
+    }
+}
+```
+
+## ReadWriteLock 组件
+ReadWriteLock 组件的结构也很简单，与上面的 Lock组件 不同的是，它提供了 公平的读锁写锁，以及非公平的读锁写锁。
+```java
+public interface ReadWriteLock {
+    /**
+     * 获取一个 读锁
+     */
+    Lock readLock();
+
+    /**
+     * 获取一个 写锁
+     */
+    Lock writeLock();
+}
+
+public class ReentrantReadWriteLock implements ReadWriteLock, java.io.Serializable {
+
+    /** 由内部类提供的读锁 */
+    private final ReentrantReadWriteLock.ReadLock readerLock;
+    /** 由内部类提供的写锁 */
+    private final ReentrantReadWriteLock.WriteLock writerLock;
+    /** 提供所有实现机制的同步器 */
+    final Sync sync;
+
+    /**
+     * 默认创建 非公平的读锁写锁
+     */
+    public ReentrantReadWriteLock() {
+        this(false);
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * 由参数 fair 指定读锁写锁是公平的还是非公平的
+     */
+    public ReentrantReadWriteLock(boolean fair) {
+        sync = fair ? new FairSync() : new NonfairSync();
+        readerLock = new ReadLock(this);
+        writerLock = new WriteLock(this);
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * 获取写锁
+     * 获取读锁
+     */
+    public ReentrantReadWriteLock.WriteLock writeLock() { return writerLock; }
+    public ReentrantReadWriteLock.ReadLock  readLock()  { return readerLock; }
+
+    abstract static class Sync extends AbstractQueuedSynchronizer {
+
+        protected final boolean tryRelease(int releases) {
+            if (!isHeldExclusively())
+                throw new IllegalMonitorStateException();
+            int nextc = getState() - releases;
+            boolean free = exclusiveCount(nextc) == 0;
+            if (free)
+                setExclusiveOwnerThread(null);
+            setState(nextc);
+            return free;
+        }
+
+        protected final boolean tryAcquire(int acquires) {
+            /*
+             * Walkthrough:
+             * 1. If read count nonzero or write count nonzero
+             *    and owner is a different thread, fail.
+             * 2. If count would saturate, fail. (This can only
+             *    happen if count is already nonzero.)
+             * 3. Otherwise, this thread is eligible for lock if
+             *    it is either a reentrant acquire or
+             *    queue policy allows it. If so, update state
+             *    and set owner.
+             */
+            Thread current = Thread.currentThread();
+            int c = getState();
+            int w = exclusiveCount(c);
+            if (c != 0) {
+                // (Note: if c != 0 and w == 0 then shared count != 0)
+                if (w == 0 || current != getExclusiveOwnerThread())
+                    return false;
+                if (w + exclusiveCount(acquires) > MAX_COUNT)
+                    throw new Error("Maximum lock count exceeded");
+                // Reentrant acquire
+                setState(c + acquires);
+                return true;
+            }
+            if (writerShouldBlock() ||
+                !compareAndSetState(c, c + acquires))
+                return false;
+            setExclusiveOwnerThread(current);
+            return true;
+        }
+
+        protected final boolean tryReleaseShared(int unused) {
+            Thread current = Thread.currentThread();
+            if (firstReader == current) {
+                // assert firstReaderHoldCount > 0;
+                if (firstReaderHoldCount == 1)
+                    firstReader = null;
+                else
+                    firstReaderHoldCount--;
+            } else {
+                HoldCounter rh = cachedHoldCounter;
+                if (rh == null || rh.tid != getThreadId(current))
+                    rh = readHolds.get();
+                int count = rh.count;
+                if (count <= 1) {
+                    readHolds.remove();
+                    if (count <= 0)
+                        throw unmatchedUnlockException();
+                }
+                --rh.count;
+            }
+            for (;;) {
+                int c = getState();
+                int nextc = c - SHARED_UNIT;
+                if (compareAndSetState(c, nextc))
+                    // Releasing the read lock has no effect on readers,
+                    // but it may allow waiting writers to proceed if
+                    // both read and write locks are now free.
+                    return nextc == 0;
+            }
+        }
+
+        protected final int tryAcquireShared(int unused) {
+            /*
+             * Walkthrough:
+             * 1. If write lock held by another thread, fail.
+             * 2. Otherwise, this thread is eligible for
+             *    lock wrt state, so ask if it should block
+             *    because of queue policy. If not, try
+             *    to grant by CASing state and updating count.
+             *    Note that step does not check for reentrant
+             *    acquires, which is postponed to full version
+             *    to avoid having to check hold count in
+             *    the more typical non-reentrant case.
+             * 3. If step 2 fails either because thread
+             *    apparently not eligible or CAS fails or count
+             *    saturated, chain to version with full retry loop.
+             */
+            Thread current = Thread.currentThread();
+            int c = getState();
+            if (exclusiveCount(c) != 0 &&
+                getExclusiveOwnerThread() != current)
+                return -1;
+            int r = sharedCount(c);
+            if (!readerShouldBlock() &&
+                r < MAX_COUNT &&
+                compareAndSetState(c, c + SHARED_UNIT)) {
+                if (r == 0) {
+                    firstReader = current;
+                    firstReaderHoldCount = 1;
+                } else if (firstReader == current) {
+                    firstReaderHoldCount++;
+                } else {
+                    HoldCounter rh = cachedHoldCounter;
+                    if (rh == null || rh.tid != getThreadId(current))
+                        cachedHoldCounter = rh = readHolds.get();
+                    else if (rh.count == 0)
+                        readHolds.set(rh);
+                    rh.count++;
+                }
+                return 1;
+            }
+            return fullTryAcquireShared(current);
+        }
+
+        /**
+         * Performs tryLock for write, enabling barging in both modes.
+         * This is identical in effect to tryAcquire except for lack
+         * of calls to writerShouldBlock.
+         */
+        final boolean tryWriteLock() {
+            Thread current = Thread.currentThread();
+            int c = getState();
+            if (c != 0) {
+                int w = exclusiveCount(c);
+                if (w == 0 || current != getExclusiveOwnerThread())
+                    return false;
+                if (w == MAX_COUNT)
+                    throw new Error("Maximum lock count exceeded");
+            }
+            if (!compareAndSetState(c, c + 1))
+                return false;
+            setExclusiveOwnerThread(current);
+            return true;
+        }
+
+        /**
+         * Performs tryLock for read, enabling barging in both modes.
+         * This is identical in effect to tryAcquireShared except for
+         * lack of calls to readerShouldBlock.
+         */
+        final boolean tryReadLock() {
+            Thread current = Thread.currentThread();
+            for (;;) {
+                int c = getState();
+                if (exclusiveCount(c) != 0 &&
+                    getExclusiveOwnerThread() != current)
+                    return false;
+                int r = sharedCount(c);
+                if (r == MAX_COUNT)
+                    throw new Error("Maximum lock count exceeded");
+                if (compareAndSetState(c, c + SHARED_UNIT)) {
+                    if (r == 0) {
+                        firstReader = current;
+                        firstReaderHoldCount = 1;
+                    } else if (firstReader == current) {
+                        firstReaderHoldCount++;
+                    } else {
+                        HoldCounter rh = cachedHoldCounter;
+                        if (rh == null || rh.tid != getThreadId(current))
+                            cachedHoldCounter = rh = readHolds.get();
+                        else if (rh.count == 0)
+                            readHolds.set(rh);
+                        rh.count++;
+                    }
+                    return true;
+                }
+            }
+        }
+        
+        final boolean isWriteLocked() {
+            return exclusiveCount(getState()) != 0;
+        }
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * 非公平锁
+     */
+    static final class NonfairSync extends Sync {
+
+        final boolean writerShouldBlock() {
+            return false; // writers can always barge
+        }
+        final boolean readerShouldBlock() {
+            /* As a heuristic to avoid indefinite writer starvation,
+             * block if the thread that momentarily appears to be head
+             * of queue, if one exists, is a waiting writer.  This is
+             * only a probabilistic effect since a new reader will not
+             * block if there is a waiting writer behind other enabled
+             * readers that have not yet drained from the queue.
+             */
+            return apparentlyFirstQueuedIsExclusive();
+        }
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * 公平锁
+     */
+    static final class FairSync extends Sync {
+
+        final boolean writerShouldBlock() {
+            return hasQueuedPredecessors();
+        }
+        final boolean readerShouldBlock() {
+            return hasQueuedPredecessors();
+        }
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * 读锁
+     */
+    public static class ReadLock implements Lock, java.io.Serializable {
+
+        private final Sync sync;
+
+        protected ReadLock(ReentrantReadWriteLock lock) {
+            sync = lock.sync;
+        }
+
+        public void lock() {
+            sync.acquireShared(1);
+        }
+
+        public void lockInterruptibly() throws InterruptedException {
+            sync.acquireSharedInterruptibly(1);
+        }
+
+        public boolean tryLock() {
+            return sync.tryReadLock();
+        }
+
+        public boolean tryLock(long timeout, TimeUnit unit)
+                throws InterruptedException {
+            return sync.tryAcquireSharedNanos(1, unit.toNanos(timeout));
+        }
+
+        public void unlock() {
+            sync.releaseShared(1);
+        }
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * 写锁
+     */
+    public static class WriteLock implements Lock, java.io.Serializable {
+
+        private final Sync sync;
+
+        protected WriteLock(ReentrantReadWriteLock lock) {
+            sync = lock.sync;
+        }
+
+        public void lock() {
+            sync.acquire(1);
+        }
+
+        public void lockInterruptibly() throws InterruptedException {
+            sync.acquireInterruptibly(1);
+        }
+
+        public boolean tryLock( ) {
+            return sync.tryWriteLock();
+        }
+
+        public boolean tryLock(long timeout, TimeUnit unit)
+                throws InterruptedException {
+            return sync.tryAcquireNanos(1, unit.toNanos(timeout));
+        }
+
+        public void unlock() {
+            sync.release(1);
+        }
+    }
+
+    public final boolean isFair() {
+        return sync instanceof FairSync;
+    }
+
+    public boolean isWriteLocked() {
+        return sync.isWriteLocked();
+    }
+}
+```
+
+## AbstractQueuedSynchronizer
+最后看一下抽象类 AbstractQueuedSynchronizer，在同步组件的实现中，AQS是核心部分，同步组件的实现者通过使用 AQS 提供的模板方法实现同步组件语义，AQS 则实现了对同步状态的管理，以及对阻塞线程进行排队，等待通知等等一些底层的实现处理。AQS 的核心包括：同步队列，独占式锁的获取和释放，共享锁的获取和释放以及可中断锁，超时等待锁获取这些特性的实现，而这些实际上则是AQS提供出来的模板方法。源码如下。
+```java
+public abstract class AbstractQueuedSynchronizer extends AbstractOwnableSynchronizer
+    implements java.io.Serializable {
+
+    /**
+     * 当共享资源被某个线程占有，其他请求该资源的线程将会阻塞，从而进入同步队列。
+     * 就数据结构而言，队列的实现方式无外乎两者一是通过数组的形式，另外一种则是链表的形式。
+     * AQS中的同步队列则是通过链式方式进行实现，下面的内部类Node便是其实现的载体
+     */
+    static final class Node {
+
+        /** Marker to indicate a node is waiting in shared mode */
+        static final Node SHARED = new Node();
+        /** Marker to indicate a node is waiting in exclusive mode */
+        static final Node EXCLUSIVE = null;
+
+        // 节点从同步队列中取消
+        static final int CANCELLED =  1;
+        // 后继节点的线程处于等待状态，如果当前节点释放同步状态会通知后继节点，
+        // 使得后继节点的线程能够运行；
+        static final int SIGNAL    = -1;
+        // 当前节点进入等待队列中
+        static final int CONDITION = -2;
+        // 表示下一次共享式同步状态获取将会无条件传播下去
+        static final int PROPAGATE = -3;
+
+		// 节点状态
+        volatile int waitStatus;
+
+		// 当前节点/线程的前驱节点
+        volatile Node prev;
+
+		// 当前节点/线程的后驱节点
+        volatile Node next;
+
+		// 加入同步队列的线程引用
+        volatile Thread thread;
+
+		// 等待队列中的下一个节点
+        Node nextWaiter;
+
+        final boolean isShared() {
+            return nextWaiter == SHARED;
+        }
+
+        final Node predecessor() throws NullPointerException {
+            Node p = prev;
+            if (p == null)
+                throw new NullPointerException();
+            else
+                return p;
+        }
+
+        Node() {    // Used to establish initial head or SHARED marker
+        }
+
+        Node(Thread thread, Node mode) {     // Used by addWaiter
+            this.nextWaiter = mode;
+            this.thread = thread;
+        }
+
+        Node(Thread thread, int waitStatus) { // Used by Condition
+            this.waitStatus = waitStatus;
+            this.thread = thread;
+        }
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * AQS实际上通过头尾指针来管理同步队列，同时实现包括获取锁失败的线程进行入队，
+     * 释放锁时对同步队列中的线程进行通知等核心方法。
+     */
+    private transient volatile Node head;
+    private transient volatile Node tail;
+
+    /**
+     * 获取独占式锁
+     */
+    public final void acquire(int arg) {
+        if (!tryAcquire(arg) &&
+            acquireQueued(addWaiter(Node.EXCLUSIVE), arg))
+            selfInterrupt();
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * 释放独占式锁
+     */
+    public final boolean release(int arg) {
+        if (tryRelease(arg)) {
+            Node h = head;
+            if (h != null && h.waitStatus != 0)
+                unparkSuccessor(h);
+            return true;
+        }
+        return false;
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * 获取可中断式锁
+     */
+    public final void acquireInterruptibly(int arg)
+            throws InterruptedException {
+        if (Thread.interrupted())
+            throw new InterruptedException();
+        if (!tryAcquire(arg))
+            doAcquireInterruptibly(arg);
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * 获取共享锁
+     */
+    public final void acquireShared(int arg) {
+        if (tryAcquireShared(arg) < 0)
+            doAcquireShared(arg);
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * 释放共享锁
+     */
+    public final boolean releaseShared(int arg) {
+        if (tryReleaseShared(arg)) {
+            doReleaseShared();
+            return true;
+        }
+        return false;
+    }
+}
+```

docs/Mybatis/基础支持层/2、DataSource及Transaction模块.md

@@ -168,7 +168,7 @@ public class UnpooledDataSource implements DataSource {
 数据库连接池的设计思路一般为：
 1. 连接池初始化时创建一定数量的连接，并添加到连接池中备用；
 2. 当程序需要使用数据库连接时，从连接池中请求，用完后会将其返还给连接池，而不是直接关闭；
-3. 连接池会控制总连接上限及空闲连接上线，如果连接池中的连接总数已达上限，且都被占用，后续的连接请求会进入阻塞队列等待，直到有连接可用；
+3. 连接池会控制总连接上限及空闲连接上线，如果连接池中的连接总数已达上限，且都被占用，后续的连接请求会短暂阻塞后重新尝试获取连接，如此循环，直到有连接可用；
 4. 如果连接池中空闲连接较多，已达到空闲连接上限，则返回的连接会被关闭掉，以降低系统开销。
 
 PooledDataSource 实现了简易的数据库连接池功能，其创建数据库连接的功能依赖了上面的 UnpooledDataSource。

docs/Spring/SpringTransaction/Spring事务管理器的设计与实现.md

@@ -12,129 +12,129 @@
 
 上面介绍了使用 DataSourceTransactionManager 实现事务创建、提交和回滚的过程，基本上与单独使用 Connection 实现事务处理是一样的，也是通过设置 autoCommit属性，调用 Connection 的 commit() 和 rollback()方法 来完成的。而我们在声明式事务处理中看到的那些事务处理属性，并不在 DataSourceTransactionManager 中完成，这和我们在前面分析中看到的是一致的。
 
-![avatar](/images/springTransaction/PlatformTransactionManager组件的设计.png)
+![avatar](/images/springTransaction/实现DataSourceTransactionManager的时序图.png)
 
 ```java
 public class DataSourceTransactionManager extends AbstractPlatformTransactionManager
 		implements ResourceTransactionManager, InitializingBean {
 
-	/** 持有 javax.sql.DataSource对象 */
-	private DataSource dataSource;
-
-	/**
-	 * 这里是产生 Transaction对象 的地方，为 Transaction 的创建提供服务，对数据库而言，
-	 * 事务工作是由 Connection 来完成的。这里把数据库的 Connection对象 放到了 ConnectionHolder 中，
-	 * 然后封装到一个 DataSourceTransactionObject对象 中，在这个封装过程中增加了许多为事务处理服务的
-	 * 控制数据
-	 */
-	@Override
-	protected Object doGetTransaction() {
-		DataSourceTransactionObject txObject = new DataSourceTransactionObject();
-		txObject.setSavepointAllowed(isNestedTransactionAllowed());
-		// 获取与当前线程绑定的 数据库Connection，这个 Connection 在第一个事务开始
-		// 的地方与线程绑定
-		ConnectionHolder conHolder =
-			(ConnectionHolder) TransactionSynchronizationManager.getResource(this.dataSource);
-		txObject.setConnectionHolder(conHolder, false);
-		return txObject;
-	}
-	
-	/**
-	 * 判断是否存在活跃的事务，由 ConnectionHolder 的 transactionActive属性 来控制
-	 */
-	@Override
-	protected boolean isExistingTransaction(Object transaction) {
-		DataSourceTransactionObject txObject = (DataSourceTransactionObject) transaction;
-		return (txObject.getConnectionHolder() != null && txObject.getConnectionHolder().isTransactionActive());
-	}
-	
-	/**
-	 * 这里是处理事务开始的地方，在这里设置隔离级别，但忽略超时
-	 */
-	@Override
-	protected void doBegin(Object transaction, TransactionDefinition definition) {
-		DataSourceTransactionObject txObject = (DataSourceTransactionObject) transaction;
-		Connection con = null;
-
-		try {
-			if (txObject.getConnectionHolder() == null ||
-					txObject.getConnectionHolder().isSynchronizedWithTransaction()) {
-				Connection newCon = this.dataSource.getConnection();
-				if (logger.isDebugEnabled()) {
-					logger.debug("Acquired Connection [" + newCon + "] for JDBC transaction");
-				}
-				txObject.setConnectionHolder(new ConnectionHolder(newCon), true);
-			}
-
-			txObject.getConnectionHolder().setSynchronizedWithTransaction(true);
-			con = txObject.getConnectionHolder().getConnection();
-
-			Integer previousIsolationLevel = DataSourceUtils.prepareConnectionForTransaction(con, definition);
-			txObject.setPreviousIsolationLevel(previousIsolationLevel);
-
-			// 这里是 数据库Connection 完成事务处理的重要配置，需要把 autoCommit属性 关掉
-			if (con.getAutoCommit()) {
-				txObject.setMustRestoreAutoCommit(true);
-				if (logger.isDebugEnabled()) {
-					logger.debug("Switching JDBC Connection [" + con + "] to manual commit");
-				}
-				con.setAutoCommit(false);
-			}
-			txObject.getConnectionHolder().setTransactionActive(true);
-
-			int timeout = determineTimeout(definition);
-			if (timeout != TransactionDefinition.TIMEOUT_DEFAULT) {
-				txObject.getConnectionHolder().setTimeoutInSeconds(timeout);
-			}
-
-			// 把当前的 数据库Connection 与线程绑定
-			if (txObject.isNewConnectionHolder()) {
-				TransactionSynchronizationManager.bindResource(getDataSource(), txObject.getConnectionHolder());
-			}
-		}
-
-		catch (Throwable ex) {
-			DataSourceUtils.releaseConnection(con, this.dataSource);
-			throw new CannotCreateTransactionException("Could not open JDBC Connection for transaction", ex);
-		}
-	}
-	
-	/**
-	 * 事务提交的具体实现
-	 */
-	@Override
-	protected void doCommit(DefaultTransactionStatus status) {
-		// 取得 Connection 以后，通过Connection 进行提交
-		DataSourceTransactionObject txObject = (DataSourceTransactionObject) status.getTransaction();
-		Connection con = txObject.getConnectionHolder().getConnection();
-		if (status.isDebug()) {
-			logger.debug("Committing JDBC transaction on Connection [" + con + "]");
-		}
-		try {
-			con.commit();
-		}
-		catch (SQLException ex) {
-			throw new TransactionSystemException("Could not commit JDBC transaction", ex);
-		}
-	}
-	
-	/**
-	 * 事务提交的具体实现，通过 Connection对象 的 rollback()方法 实现
-	 */
-	@Override
-	protected void doRollback(DefaultTransactionStatus status) {
-		DataSourceTransactionObject txObject = (DataSourceTransactionObject) status.getTransaction();
-		Connection con = txObject.getConnectionHolder().getConnection();
-		if (status.isDebug()) {
-			logger.debug("Rolling back JDBC transaction on Connection [" + con + "]");
-		}
-		try {
-			con.rollback();
-		}
-		catch (SQLException ex) {
-			throw new TransactionSystemException("Could not roll back JDBC transaction", ex);
-		}
-	}
+    /** 持有 javax.sql.DataSource对象 */
+    private DataSource dataSource;
+    
+    /**
+     * 这里是产生 Transaction对象 的地方，为 Transaction 的创建提供服务，对数据库而言，
+     * 事务工作是由 Connection 来完成的。这里把数据库的 Connection对象 放到了 ConnectionHolder 中，
+     * 然后封装到一个 DataSourceTransactionObject对象 中，在这个封装过程中增加了许多为事务处理服务的
+     * 控制数据
+     */
+    @Override
+    protected Object doGetTransaction() {
+        DataSourceTransactionObject txObject = new DataSourceTransactionObject();
+        txObject.setSavepointAllowed(isNestedTransactionAllowed());
+        // 获取与当前线程绑定的 数据库Connection，这个 Connection 在第一个事务开始
+        // 的地方与线程绑定
+        ConnectionHolder conHolder =
+            (ConnectionHolder) TransactionSynchronizationManager.getResource(this.dataSource);
+        txObject.setConnectionHolder(conHolder, false);
+        return txObject;
+    }
+    
+    /**
+     * 判断是否存在活跃的事务，由 ConnectionHolder 的 transactionActive属性 来控制
+     */
+    @Override
+    protected boolean isExistingTransaction(Object transaction) {
+        DataSourceTransactionObject txObject = (DataSourceTransactionObject) transaction;
+        return (txObject.getConnectionHolder() != null && txObject.getConnectionHolder().isTransactionActive());
+    }
+    
+    /**
+     * 这里是处理事务开始的地方，在这里设置隔离级别，但忽略超时
+     */
+    @Override
+    protected void doBegin(Object transaction, TransactionDefinition definition) {
+        DataSourceTransactionObject txObject = (DataSourceTransactionObject) transaction;
+        Connection con = null;
+    
+        try {
+            if (txObject.getConnectionHolder() == null ||
+                    txObject.getConnectionHolder().isSynchronizedWithTransaction()) {
+                Connection newCon = this.dataSource.getConnection();
+                if (logger.isDebugEnabled()) {
+                    logger.debug("Acquired Connection [" + newCon + "] for JDBC transaction");
+                }
+                txObject.setConnectionHolder(new ConnectionHolder(newCon), true);
+            }
+    
+            txObject.getConnectionHolder().setSynchronizedWithTransaction(true);
+            con = txObject.getConnectionHolder().getConnection();
+    
+            Integer previousIsolationLevel = DataSourceUtils.prepareConnectionForTransaction(con, definition);
+            txObject.setPreviousIsolationLevel(previousIsolationLevel);
+    
+            // 这里是 数据库Connection 完成事务处理的重要配置，需要把 autoCommit属性 关掉
+            if (con.getAutoCommit()) {
+                txObject.setMustRestoreAutoCommit(true);
+                if (logger.isDebugEnabled()) {
+                    logger.debug("Switching JDBC Connection [" + con + "] to manual commit");
+                }
+                con.setAutoCommit(false);
+            }
+            txObject.getConnectionHolder().setTransactionActive(true);
+    
+            int timeout = determineTimeout(definition);
+            if (timeout != TransactionDefinition.TIMEOUT_DEFAULT) {
+                txObject.getConnectionHolder().setTimeoutInSeconds(timeout);
+            }
+    
+            // 把当前的 数据库Connection 与线程绑定
+            if (txObject.isNewConnectionHolder()) {
+                TransactionSynchronizationManager.bindResource(getDataSource(), txObject.getConnectionHolder());
+            }
+        }
+    
+        catch (Throwable ex) {
+            DataSourceUtils.releaseConnection(con, this.dataSource);
+            throw new CannotCreateTransactionException("Could not open JDBC Connection for transaction", ex);
+        }
+    }
+    
+    /**
+     * 事务提交的具体实现
+     */
+    @Override
+    protected void doCommit(DefaultTransactionStatus status) {
+        // 取得 Connection 以后，通过Connection 进行提交
+        DataSourceTransactionObject txObject = (DataSourceTransactionObject) status.getTransaction();
+        Connection con = txObject.getConnectionHolder().getConnection();
+        if (status.isDebug()) {
+            logger.debug("Committing JDBC transaction on Connection [" + con + "]");
+        }
+        try {
+            con.commit();
+        }
+        catch (SQLException ex) {
+            throw new TransactionSystemException("Could not commit JDBC transaction", ex);
+        }
+    }
+    
+    /**
+     * 事务提交的具体实现，通过 Connection对象 的 rollback()方法 实现
+     */
+    @Override
+    protected void doRollback(DefaultTransactionStatus status) {
+        DataSourceTransactionObject txObject = (DataSourceTransactionObject) status.getTransaction();
+        Connection con = txObject.getConnectionHolder().getConnection();
+        if (status.isDebug()) {
+            logger.debug("Rolling back JDBC transaction on Connection [" + con + "]");
+        }
+        try {
+            con.rollback();
+        }
+        catch (SQLException ex) {
+            throw new TransactionSystemException("Could not roll back JDBC transaction", ex);
+        }
+    }
 }
 ```
 上面介绍了使用 DataSourceTransactionManager 实现事务创建、提交和回滚的过程，基本上与单独使用 Connection 实现事务处理是一样的，也是通过设置 autoCommit属性，调用 Connection 的 commit() 和 rollback()方法 来完成的。看到这里，大家一定会觉得非常的熟悉。而我们在声明式事务处理中看到的那些事务处理属性，并不在 DataSourceTransactionManager 中完成，这和我们在前面分析中看到的是一致的。