diff --git a/pkg/action/validate_test.go b/pkg/action/validate_test.go
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..a9c1cb49c
--- /dev/null
+++ b/pkg/action/validate_test.go
@@ -0,0 +1,123 @@
+/*
+Copyright The Helm Authors.
+
+Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+You may obtain a copy of the License at
+
+    http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+
+Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+limitations under the License.
+*/
+
+package action
+
+import (
+	"testing"
+
+	"helm.sh/helm/v3/pkg/kube"
+
+	appsv1 "k8s.io/api/apps/v1"
+
+	"github.com/stretchr/testify/assert"
+	"k8s.io/apimachinery/pkg/api/meta"
+	v1 "k8s.io/apimachinery/pkg/apis/meta/v1"
+	"k8s.io/apimachinery/pkg/runtime/schema"
+	"k8s.io/cli-runtime/pkg/resource"
+)
+
+func newDeploymentResource(name, namespace string) *resource.Info {
+	return &resource.Info{
+		Name: name,
+		Mapping: &meta.RESTMapping{
+			Resource:         schema.GroupVersionResource{Group: "apps", Version: "v1", Resource: "deployment"},
+			GroupVersionKind: schema.GroupVersionKind{Group: "apps", Version: "v1", Kind: "Deployment"},
+		},
+		Object: &appsv1.Deployment{
+			ObjectMeta: v1.ObjectMeta{
+				Name:      name,
+				Namespace: namespace,
+			},
+		},
+	}
+}
+
+func TestCheckOwnership(t *testing.T) {
+	deployFoo := newDeploymentResource("foo", "ns-a")
+
+	// Verify that a resource that lacks labels/annotations is not owned
+	err := checkOwnership(deployFoo.Object, "rel-a", "ns-a")
+	assert.EqualError(t, err, `invalid ownership metadata; label validation error: missing key "app.kubernetes.io/managed-by": must be set to "Helm"; annotation validation error: missing key "meta.helm.sh/release-name": must be set to "rel-a"; annotation validation error: missing key "meta.helm.sh/release-namespace": must be set to "ns-a"`)
+
+	// Set managed by label and verify annotation error message
+	_ = accessor.SetLabels(deployFoo.Object, map[string]string{
+		appManagedByLabel: appManagedByHelm,
+	})
+	err = checkOwnership(deployFoo.Object, "rel-a", "ns-a")
+	assert.EqualError(t, err, `invalid ownership metadata; annotation validation error: missing key "meta.helm.sh/release-name": must be set to "rel-a"; annotation validation error: missing key "meta.helm.sh/release-namespace": must be set to "ns-a"`)
+
+	// Set only the release name annotation and verify missing release namespace error message
+	_ = accessor.SetAnnotations(deployFoo.Object, map[string]string{
+		helmReleaseNameAnnotation: "rel-a",
+	})
+	err = checkOwnership(deployFoo.Object, "rel-a", "ns-a")
+	assert.EqualError(t, err, `invalid ownership metadata; annotation validation error: missing key "meta.helm.sh/release-namespace": must be set to "ns-a"`)
+
+	// Set both release name and namespace annotations and verify no ownership errors
+	_ = accessor.SetAnnotations(deployFoo.Object, map[string]string{
+		helmReleaseNameAnnotation:      "rel-a",
+		helmReleaseNamespaceAnnotation: "ns-a",
+	})
+	err = checkOwnership(deployFoo.Object, "rel-a", "ns-a")
+	assert.NoError(t, err)
+
+	// Verify ownership error for wrong release name
+	err = checkOwnership(deployFoo.Object, "rel-b", "ns-a")
+	assert.EqualError(t, err, `invalid ownership metadata; annotation validation error: key "meta.helm.sh/release-name" must equal "rel-b": current value is "rel-a"`)
+
+	// Verify ownership error for wrong release namespace
+	err = checkOwnership(deployFoo.Object, "rel-a", "ns-b")
+	assert.EqualError(t, err, `invalid ownership metadata; annotation validation error: key "meta.helm.sh/release-namespace" must equal "ns-b": current value is "ns-a"`)
+
+	// Verify ownership error for wrong manager label
+	_ = accessor.SetLabels(deployFoo.Object, map[string]string{
+		appManagedByLabel: "helm",
+	})
+	err = checkOwnership(deployFoo.Object, "rel-a", "ns-a")
+	assert.EqualError(t, err, `invalid ownership metadata; label validation error: key "app.kubernetes.io/managed-by" must equal "Helm": current value is "helm"`)
+}
+
+func TestSetMetadataVisitor(t *testing.T) {
+	var (
+		err       error
+		deployFoo = newDeploymentResource("foo", "ns-a")
+		deployBar = newDeploymentResource("bar", "ns-a-system")
+		resources = kube.ResourceList{deployFoo, deployBar}
+	)
+
+	// Set release tracking metadata and verify no error
+	err = resources.Visit(setMetadataVisitor("rel-a", "ns-a", true))
+	assert.NoError(t, err)
+
+	// Verify that release "b" cannot take ownership of "a"
+	err = resources.Visit(setMetadataVisitor("rel-b", "ns-a", false))
+	assert.Error(t, err)
+
+	// Force release "b" to take ownership
+	err = resources.Visit(setMetadataVisitor("rel-b", "ns-a", true))
+	assert.NoError(t, err)
+
+	// Check that there is now no ownership error when setting metadata without force
+	err = resources.Visit(setMetadataVisitor("rel-b", "ns-a", false))
+	assert.NoError(t, err)
+
+	// Add a new resource that is missing ownership metadata and verify error
+	resources.Append(newDeploymentResource("baz", "default"))
+	err = resources.Visit(setMetadataVisitor("rel-b", "ns-a", false))
+	assert.Error(t, err)
+	assert.Contains(t, err.Error(), `Deployment "baz" in namespace "" cannot be owned`)
+}