diff --git a/internal/chart/v3/util/epoch.go b/internal/chart/v3/util/epoch.go
index f043be6d1..1a9b293be 100644
--- a/internal/chart/v3/util/epoch.go
+++ b/internal/chart/v3/util/epoch.go
@@ -47,36 +47,29 @@ func ParseSourceDateEpoch() (time.Time, error) {
 	return time.Unix(epoch, 0), nil
 }
 
-// ApplySourceDateEpoch sets the ModTime on the chart and all of its entries
-// that currently have a zero ModTime to t. It recurses into dependencies.
+// ApplySourceDateEpoch overrides the ModTime on the chart and all of its
+// entries to t, ensuring reproducible archives regardless of the original
+// timestamps. It recurses into dependencies.
 // When t is the zero time this is a no-op.
 func ApplySourceDateEpoch(c *chart.Chart, t time.Time) {
 	if t.IsZero() {
 		return
 	}
-	if c.ModTime.IsZero() {
-		c.ModTime = t
-	}
-	if c.Lock != nil && c.Lock.Generated.IsZero() {
+	c.ModTime = t
+	if c.Lock != nil {
 		c.Lock.Generated = t
 	}
-	if c.Schema != nil && c.SchemaModTime.IsZero() {
+	if c.Schema != nil {
 		c.SchemaModTime = t
 	}
 	for _, f := range c.Raw {
-		if f.ModTime.IsZero() {
-			f.ModTime = t
-		}
+		f.ModTime = t
 	}
 	for _, f := range c.Templates {
-		if f.ModTime.IsZero() {
-			f.ModTime = t
-		}
+		f.ModTime = t
 	}
 	for _, f := range c.Files {
-		if f.ModTime.IsZero() {
-			f.ModTime = t
-		}
+		f.ModTime = t
 	}
 	for _, dep := range c.Dependencies() {
 		ApplySourceDateEpoch(dep, t)
diff --git a/internal/chart/v3/util/epoch_test.go b/internal/chart/v3/util/epoch_test.go
index 7fd9f37ef..b2d58b0c5 100644
--- a/internal/chart/v3/util/epoch_test.go
+++ b/internal/chart/v3/util/epoch_test.go
@@ -123,7 +123,7 @@ func TestApplySourceDateEpoch(t *testing.T) {
 	}
 }
 
-func TestApplySourceDateEpochPreservesExisting(t *testing.T) {
+func TestApplySourceDateEpochOverridesExisting(t *testing.T) {
 	epoch := time.Unix(1700000000, 0)
 	existing := time.Unix(1600000000, 0)
 
@@ -133,12 +133,28 @@ func TestApplySourceDateEpochPreservesExisting(t *testing.T) {
 			Version: "0.1.0",
 		},
 		ModTime: existing,
+		Templates: []*common.File{
+			{Name: "templates/test.yaml", ModTime: existing},
+		},
+		Files: []*common.File{
+			{Name: "README.md", ModTime: existing},
+		},
 	}
 
 	ApplySourceDateEpoch(c, epoch)
 
-	if !c.ModTime.Equal(existing) {
-		t.Errorf("Chart.ModTime = %v, want existing %v", c.ModTime, existing)
+	if !c.ModTime.Equal(epoch) {
+		t.Errorf("Chart.ModTime = %v, want epoch %v", c.ModTime, epoch)
+	}
+	for _, f := range c.Templates {
+		if !f.ModTime.Equal(epoch) {
+			t.Errorf("Template %s ModTime = %v, want epoch %v", f.Name, f.ModTime, epoch)
+		}
+	}
+	for _, f := range c.Files {
+		if !f.ModTime.Equal(epoch) {
+			t.Errorf("File %s ModTime = %v, want epoch %v", f.Name, f.ModTime, epoch)
+		}
 	}
 }
 
@@ -185,9 +201,9 @@ func TestApplySourceDateEpochDependencies(t *testing.T) {
 
 	ApplySourceDateEpoch(c, epoch)
 
-	// Parent chart already had a ModTime, so it should be preserved.
-	if !c.ModTime.Equal(existing) {
-		t.Errorf("parent Chart.ModTime = %v, want existing %v", c.ModTime, existing)
+	// Parent chart had an existing ModTime, but it should be overridden.
+	if !c.ModTime.Equal(epoch) {
+		t.Errorf("parent Chart.ModTime = %v, want epoch %v", c.ModTime, epoch)
 	}
 	// Dependency had a zero ModTime, so it should be stamped.
 	if !dep.ModTime.Equal(epoch) {
diff --git a/pkg/chart/v2/util/epoch.go b/pkg/chart/v2/util/epoch.go
index f65e8c3ee..67367a0c6 100644
--- a/pkg/chart/v2/util/epoch.go
+++ b/pkg/chart/v2/util/epoch.go
@@ -47,36 +47,29 @@ func ParseSourceDateEpoch() (time.Time, error) {
 	return time.Unix(epoch, 0), nil
 }
 
-// ApplySourceDateEpoch sets the ModTime on the chart and all of its entries
-// that currently have a zero ModTime to t. It recurses into dependencies.
+// ApplySourceDateEpoch overrides the ModTime on the chart and all of its
+// entries to t, ensuring reproducible archives regardless of the original
+// timestamps. It recurses into dependencies.
 // When t is the zero time this is a no-op.
 func ApplySourceDateEpoch(c *chart.Chart, t time.Time) {
 	if t.IsZero() {
 		return
 	}
-	if c.ModTime.IsZero() {
-		c.ModTime = t
-	}
-	if c.Lock != nil && c.Lock.Generated.IsZero() {
+	c.ModTime = t
+	if c.Lock != nil {
 		c.Lock.Generated = t
 	}
-	if c.Schema != nil && c.SchemaModTime.IsZero() {
+	if c.Schema != nil {
 		c.SchemaModTime = t
 	}
 	for _, f := range c.Raw {
-		if f.ModTime.IsZero() {
-			f.ModTime = t
-		}
+		f.ModTime = t
 	}
 	for _, f := range c.Templates {
-		if f.ModTime.IsZero() {
-			f.ModTime = t
-		}
+		f.ModTime = t
 	}
 	for _, f := range c.Files {
-		if f.ModTime.IsZero() {
-			f.ModTime = t
-		}
+		f.ModTime = t
 	}
 	for _, dep := range c.Dependencies() {
 		ApplySourceDateEpoch(dep, t)
diff --git a/pkg/chart/v2/util/epoch_test.go b/pkg/chart/v2/util/epoch_test.go
index 5a47c2589..89012d417 100644
--- a/pkg/chart/v2/util/epoch_test.go
+++ b/pkg/chart/v2/util/epoch_test.go
@@ -123,7 +123,7 @@ func TestApplySourceDateEpoch(t *testing.T) {
 	}
 }
 
-func TestApplySourceDateEpochPreservesExisting(t *testing.T) {
+func TestApplySourceDateEpochOverridesExisting(t *testing.T) {
 	epoch := time.Unix(1700000000, 0)
 	existing := time.Unix(1600000000, 0)
 
@@ -133,12 +133,28 @@ func TestApplySourceDateEpochPreservesExisting(t *testing.T) {
 			Version: "0.1.0",
 		},
 		ModTime: existing,
+		Templates: []*common.File{
+			{Name: "templates/test.yaml", ModTime: existing},
+		},
+		Files: []*common.File{
+			{Name: "README.md", ModTime: existing},
+		},
 	}
 
 	ApplySourceDateEpoch(c, epoch)
 
-	if !c.ModTime.Equal(existing) {
-		t.Errorf("Chart.ModTime = %v, want existing %v", c.ModTime, existing)
+	if !c.ModTime.Equal(epoch) {
+		t.Errorf("Chart.ModTime = %v, want epoch %v", c.ModTime, epoch)
+	}
+	for _, f := range c.Templates {
+		if !f.ModTime.Equal(epoch) {
+			t.Errorf("Template %s ModTime = %v, want epoch %v", f.Name, f.ModTime, epoch)
+		}
+	}
+	for _, f := range c.Files {
+		if !f.ModTime.Equal(epoch) {
+			t.Errorf("File %s ModTime = %v, want epoch %v", f.Name, f.ModTime, epoch)
+		}
 	}
 }
 
@@ -187,9 +203,9 @@ func TestApplySourceDateEpochDependencies(t *testing.T) {
 
 	ApplySourceDateEpoch(c, epoch)
 
-	// Parent chart already had a ModTime, so it should be preserved.
-	if !c.ModTime.Equal(existing) {
-		t.Errorf("parent Chart.ModTime = %v, want existing %v", c.ModTime, existing)
+	// Parent chart had an existing ModTime, but it should be overridden.
+	if !c.ModTime.Equal(epoch) {
+		t.Errorf("parent Chart.ModTime = %v, want epoch %v", c.ModTime, epoch)
 	}
 	// Dependency had a zero ModTime, so it should be stamped.
 	if !dep.ModTime.Equal(epoch) {
diff --git a/pkg/downloader/manager.go b/pkg/downloader/manager.go
index 5104efbad..f5fed6b11 100644
--- a/pkg/downloader/manager.go
+++ b/pkg/downloader/manager.go
@@ -304,7 +304,7 @@ func (m *Manager) downloadAll(deps []*chart.Dependency) error {
 			if m.Debug {
 				fmt.Fprintf(m.Out, "Archiving %s from repo %s\n", dep.Name, dep.Repository)
 			}
-			ver, err := tarFromLocalDir(m.ChartPath, dep.Name, dep.Repository, dep.Version, tmpPath)
+			ver, err := tarFromLocalDir(m.ChartPath, dep.Name, dep.Repository, dep.Version, tmpPath, m.Out)
 			if err != nil {
 				saveError = err
 				break
@@ -873,7 +873,7 @@ func writeLock(chartpath string, lock *chart.Lock, legacyLockfile bool) error {
 }
 
 // archive a dep chart from local directory and save it into destPath
-func tarFromLocalDir(chartpath, name, repo, version, destPath string) (string, error) {
+func tarFromLocalDir(chartpath, name, repo, version, destPath string, out io.Writer) (string, error) {
 	if !strings.HasPrefix(repo, "file://") {
 		return "", fmt.Errorf("wrong format: chart %s repository %s", name, repo)
 	}
@@ -902,7 +902,7 @@ func tarFromLocalDir(chartpath, name, repo, version, destPath string) (string, e
 		// Apply SOURCE_DATE_EPOCH for reproducible builds if set.
 		epoch, epochErr := chartutil.ParseSourceDateEpoch()
 		if epochErr != nil {
-			fmt.Fprintf(os.Stderr, "WARNING: %v\n", epochErr)
+			fmt.Fprintf(out, "WARNING: %v\n", epochErr)
 		}
 		chartutil.ApplySourceDateEpoch(ch, epoch)