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# HIP-0025 Resource Sequencing - Implementation Plan
## Executive Summary
Implementation plan for HIP-0025, introducing native resource and subchart sequencing to Helm v4.
**Key Deliverables:**
- Resource-level sequencing within charts
- Subchart dependency ordering
- Custom readiness evaluation
- CLI and SDK support for ordered deployments
- Chart examples showcasing the new capability
**Timeline:** 16-20 weeks
## Phase 1: Foundation & Design (3 weeks)
### 1.1 Technical Design & Architecture (1 week)
**Tasks:**
- [ ] Design DAG (Directed Acyclic Graph) data structures
- [ ] Define interfaces for sequencing engine
- [ ] Design readiness evaluation framework
- [ ] Create API contracts for CLI and SDK changes
- [ ] Review approach with team
**Deliverables:**
- Interface definitions
- API contracts
### 1.2 Prototype & Proof of Concept (1 week)
**Tasks:**
- [ ] Build basic DAG construction from annotations
- [ ] Implement circular dependency detection
- [ ] Create minimal sequencing engine
- [ ] Prototype readiness checker using kstatus
**Deliverables:**
- Working prototype demonstrating core concepts
- Performance benchmarks
### 1.3 Test Strategy & Infrastructure (1 week)
**Tasks:**
- [ ] Set up test infrastructure for sequencing scenarios
- [ ] Create test chart repository with various dependency patterns
- [ ] Define integration test scenarios
- [ ] Build test framework for sequencing validation
**Deliverables:**
- Test infrastructure setup
- Test chart repository
- Initial test cases
## Phase 2: Core Implementation (6 weeks)
### 2.1 Annotation Processing (1 week)
**Tasks:**
- [ ] Implement `helm.sh/resource-group` annotation parser
- [ ] Implement `helm.sh/depends-on/resource-groups` annotation parser
- [ ] Add validation for annotation format
- [ ] Create annotation extraction utilities
**Tests:**
- Unit tests for annotation parsing
- Validation tests for malformed annotations
### 2.2 DAG Construction & Validation (1 week)
**Tasks:**
- [ ] Build resource-group DAG from annotations
- [ ] Build subchart DAG from Chart.yaml
- [ ] Implement circular dependency detection
- [ ] Add DAG visualization/debugging capabilities
**Tests:**
- Unit tests for DAG construction
- Tests for circular dependency scenarios
- Performance tests for large charts
### 2.3 Release Metadata Storage (1 week)
**Tasks:**
- [ ] Extend Release object schema to add sequencing flag
- [ ] Store boolean flag indicating if `--wait=ordered` was used
- [ ] Update release creation logic to capture sequencing mode
- [ ] Ensure rollback reads sequencing flag from stored release
- [ ] Handle backward compatibility for releases without sequencing flag
**Tests:**
- Release storage integration tests
- Tests for sequencing flag persistence
- Backward compatibility tests for releases without sequencing flag
- Rollback tests verifying sequencing mode preservation
### 2.4 Sequencing Engine (2 weeks)
**Tasks:**
- [ ] Implement resource grouping logic
- [ ] Create ordered deployment algorithm
- [ ] Integrate with existing Helm install workflow
- [ ] Add rollback sequencing (reverse order) based on manifest annotations
- [ ] Implement upgrade sequencing
- [ ] Check sequencing flag from previous releases during rollback
**Tests:**
- Integration tests for various sequencing scenarios
- Tests for rollback behavior respecting sequencing flag
- Upgrade path tests with sequencing preservation
- Tests for mixed sequenced/non-sequenced release handling
### 2.5 Readiness Evaluation (1 week)
**Tasks:**
- [ ] Integrate kstatus library
- [ ] Implement custom readiness annotations parser
- [ ] Build JSONPath evaluation engine
- [ ] Add timeout handling
- [ ] Create readiness polling mechanism
**Tests:**
- Unit tests for readiness evaluation
- Tests for custom readiness conditions
- Timeout behavior tests
## Phase 3: CLI & SDK Integration (Weeks 10-12)
### 3.1 CLI Implementation (Week 10)
**Tasks:**
- [ ] Add `--wait=ordered` flag to install command
- [ ] Add `--wait=ordered` flag to upgrade command
- [ ] Implement `--readiness-timeout` flag
- [ ] Update help documentation
- [ ] Add DAG visualization command for debugging
**Tests:**
- CLI integration tests
- Flag validation tests
### 3.2 SDK Updates (Week 10)
**Tasks:**
- [ ] Add `WaitStrategy` field to action configuration
- [ ] Add `ReadinessTimeout` field
- [ ] Update SDK documentation
- [ ] Ensure backward compatibility
**Tests:**
- SDK integration tests
- Backward compatibility tests
### 3.3 Template Command Updates (Week 11)
**Tasks:**
- [ ] Implement resource-group delimiters in output
- [ ] Add sequencing order to template output
- [ ] Format output with group markers
- [ ] Update template command documentation
**Tests:**
- Template output validation tests
- Format verification tests
## Phase 4: Chart.yaml & Subchart Support (2 weeks)
### 4.1 Chart.yaml Extensions (1 week)
**Tasks:**
- [ ] Add `depends-on` field to dependencies schema
- [ ] Implement `helm.sh/depends-on/subcharts` annotation support
- [ ] Update Chart.yaml validation
- [ ] Modify chart loading logic
**Tests:**
- Chart.yaml parsing tests
- Validation tests for new fields
### 4.2 Subchart Sequencing (1 week)
**Tasks:**
- [ ] Implement subchart dependency resolution
- [ ] Integrate subchart sequencing with resource sequencing
- [ ] Handle conditional dependencies
- [ ] Add subchart readiness evaluation
**Tests:**
- Subchart sequencing integration tests
- Conditional dependency tests
## Phase 5: Edge Cases & Error Handling (2 weeks)
### 5.1 Error Scenarios (1 week)
**Tasks:**
- [ ] Handle missing dependency groups
- [ ] Implement isolated group handling
- [ ] Add comprehensive error messages
- [ ] Implement warning system for misconfigurations
**Tests:**
- Error scenario tests
- Warning validation tests
### 5.2 Release Management Updates (1 week)
**Tasks:**
- [ ] Store representation of `--wait=ordered` in releases
- [ ] Update release object schema
- [ ] Ensure rollback respects original sequencing
- [ ] Handle mixed sequenced/non-sequenced upgrades
**Tests:**
- Release storage tests
- Rollback scenario tests
## Phase 6: Testing & Documentation (3 weeks)
### 6.1 Comprehensive Testing (1 week)
**Tasks:**
- [ ] Execute full test suite
- [ ] Performance testing with large charts
- [ ] Stress testing with complex dependencies
- [ ] User acceptance testing
- [ ] Create example charts demonstrating sequencing patterns
**Deliverables:**
- Test execution results
- Performance benchmarks
- Example charts repository
### 6.2 Documentation (1 week)
**Tasks:**
- [ ] Write user documentation for helm.sh
- [ ] Create guide explaining how hooks and sequencing complement each other
- [ ] Document best practices for sequencing
- [ ] Add examples to documentation
- [ ] Update SDK documentation
- [ ] Document clear separation: hooks for lifecycle events, sequencing for install-phase resources
**Deliverables:**
- User documentation
- Hooks and sequencing complementary usage guide
- Example charts demonstrating both features
### 6.3 Final Integration & Review (1 week)
**Tasks:**
- [ ] Code review completion
- [ ] Security review
- [ ] Performance optimization
- [ ] Final bug fixes
- [ ] Release candidate preparation
## Phase 7: Release & Rollout (2 weeks)
### 7.1 Beta Release (1 week)
**Tasks:**
- [ ] Release beta version
- [ ] Gather community feedback
- [ ] Address critical issues
- [ ] Update documentation based on feedback
### 7.2 GA Release (1 week)
**Tasks:**
- [ ] Final release preparation
- [ ] Release notes creation
- [ ] Community announcements
## Risk Mitigation Strategies
### Technical Risks
1. **Circular Dependencies**: Implement robust detection early with clear error messages
2. **Performance Impact**: Continuous benchmarking throughout development
3. **Backward Compatibility**: Extensive testing with existing charts
### Timeline Risks
1. **Scope Creep**: Strict adherence to HIP-0025 specification
2. **Integration Complexity**: Early prototyping and continuous integration
3. **Community Feedback**: Beta period for addressing concerns
## Success Metrics
1. **Functionality**
- All HIP-0025 requirements implemented
- Zero regression in existing functionality
- Performance overhead < 5% for non-sequenced deployments
2. **Quality**
- >90% test coverage
- Zero critical bugs in GA release
## Infrastructure Requirements
- CI/CD pipeline enhancements
- Test Kubernetes clusters
- Performance testing infrastructure
## Dependencies
1. **External Libraries**
- kstatus library integration
- JSONPath evaluation library
2. **Internal Dependencies**
- Helm v4 codebase familiarity
- Chart v3 specification finalization
## Communication Plan
1. **Weekly Updates**
- Progress reports to Helm maintainers
- Blockers and risk assessment
2. **Community Engagement**
- Bi-weekly community updates
- RFC discussions for major decisions
- Beta testing coordination
3. **Documentation**
- Continuous documentation updates
- Blog post for feature announcement

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---
hip: "0025"
title: "Better Support for Resource Creation Sequencing"
authors: [ "Joe Beck <joebeck5705@gmail.com>", "Evans Mungai <mbuevans@gmail.com>" ]
created: "2025-05-21"
type: "feature"
status: "draft"
---
## Abstract
This HIP proposes a new feature set in Chart v3 to provide [Application Distributors](https://github.com/helm/community/blob/main/user-profiles.md#2-application-distributor)—a key Helm user profile—with a first-class mechanism for defining the deployment order of chart resources and subcharts. By default, Helm applies all rendered manifests simultaneously. This HIP introduces the ability for Helm to deploy resources in ordered batches and evaluate their readiness before proceeding.
At a high level, this HIP proposes the following
- Ability for chart authors to specify how to sequence deployment of **resources within a single chart**
- Ability for chart authors to specify how to sequence **subcharts within a parent chart**
- Ability for Helm operators and tool developers to enable sequencing behaviour using `--wait=ordered` CLI flag and `WaitStrategy=ordered` SDK parameter respectively
The HIP only targets resources deployed in the Helm install phase. Resources deployed as hooks are not sequenced using changes proposed here. Any sequencing of hooks will still rely on using `"helm.sh/hook-weight"` annotations. Annotations added to resources in hooks will be ignored.
## Motivation
The driving motivator here is to allow application distributors to control what order resources are bundled and sent to the K8s API server, referred to as resource sequencing for the rest of this HIP.
Today, to accomplish resource sequencing, there are currently two main options: using Helm hooks, or building the sequencing logic into the application itself (e.g., using startup code or init containers). The existing hooks and weights can be tedious to build and maintain for application distributors, and built-in app sequencing can unnecessarily increase complexity of a Helm application that needs to be maintained by application distributors. Helm, as a package manager, should provide built-in mechanisms for sequencing resource deployment, reducing reliance on complex hooks or in-application logic. This will significantly improve the application distributor's experience.
Additionally, Helm currently doesn't provide a way to sequence when chart dependencies are deployed and this featureset would ideally address this.
## Rationale
The proposed design prioritizes simplicity and ease of use for both Helm developers and chart authors. It leverages familiar YAML patterns and Helm conventions, avoiding heavyweight solutions while offering powerful orchestration capabilities.
## Specification
At a high level, allow Chart Developers to assign named dependencies to both their Helm templated resources and Helm chart dependencies that Helm then uses to generate a deployment sequence at installation time.
For Helm CLI, the `--wait=ordered` flag will enable sequencing where resources are applied in groups. SDK users will also be able to enable sequencing by setting a `WaitStrategy` field. By default, resources are all applied at once which is the same behaviour in Chart v2.
Each release will store information of whether sequencing was used or not. This information is used when performing uninstalls and rollbacks.
### Sequencing Execution Flow
When sequencing is enabled, Helm installs resources in a structured order across both subcharts and resource-groups:
**1. Subchart Ordering**
Helm builds a dependency graph from definitions in `Chart.yaml`:
* `helm.sh/depends-on/subcharts` key in `annotations` field
* `depends-on` key on `dependencies` list entries
Subcharts are installed in dependency order. Each subchart must be fully deployed and ready before its dependents begin.
**2. Resource-Group Sequencing (Per Chart)**
Within each chart (parent and subcharts), Helm builds a resource-group graph using:
* `helm.sh/resource-group`
* `helm.sh/depends-on/resource-groups`
Resources in each group are deployed together, and Helm waits for all to be ready before continuing to the next group.
**3. Unsequenced Resources**
Resources that:
* lack annotations,
* depend on non-existent groups, or
* belong to isolated groups
will be deployed after all properly sequenced groups have been processed.
If a resource includes sequencing annotations but falls into this unsequenced category due to misconfiguration (e.g., referencing missing groups), Helm will emit a warning to alert the user of the potential issue.
*Additions to templates*
The following annotations would be added to enable this.
- `helm.sh/resource-group`: Annotation to declare a resource-group that a given resource belongs to. Any number of resources can belong to a group. A resource can only belong to one group.
- `helm.sh/depends-on/resource-groups`: Annotation to declare resource-groups that must exist and in a ready state before this resource can be deployed. The order in which they are listed does not affect deployment sequencing.
These annotations are only used for sequencing resources within the same chart. They do not influence or interact with resources across charts or subcharts.
*Additions to Chart.yaml*
* `helm.sh/depends-on/subcharts`: An annotation added to `Chart.yaml` to specify chart dependencies—identified by their `name` or `alias`—that must be fully deployed and in a ready state before the current chart resources can be installed. A dependent chart is considered ready only when all of its resources, including any defined sequencing, have been successfully deployed and marked ready. The order in which dependencies are listed has no effect on execution.
- `depends-on`: A new field added to `Chart.yaml` `dependencies` fields that is meant to declare a list of subcharts, by `name` or `alias`, that need to be ready before the subchart in question get installed. This will be used to create a dependency graph for subcharts.
The installation process would group resources in the same group and send them to the K8s API Server in one bundle, and once all resources are "ready", the next group would be installed. A resource-group would not be considered "ready" and the next group installed until all resources in that group are considered "ready". Readiness is described in a later section. A similar process would apply for upgrades. Uninstalls would function on the same resource-group order, but in reverse, where a resource-group is not uninstalled until all resource-groups that depend on it are first uninstalled. Upgrades would follow the same order as installation.
#### Template examples:
```yaml
# resource 1
metadata:
name: db-service
annotations:
helm.sh/resource-group: database
---
# resource 2
metadata:
name: my-app
annotations:
helm.sh/resource-group: app
helm.sh/depends-on/resource-groups: ["database", "queue"]
---
# resource 3
metadata:
name: queue-processor
annotations:
helm.sh/resource-group: queue
helm.sh/depends-on/resource-groups: ["another-group"]
```
In this example, Helm would be responsible for resolving the annotations on these three resources and deploy all resources in the following order. Resources in `database` and `queue` resource-groups would be deployed at the same time. They would need to be ready before attempting to deploy `app` resource-group:
```
"database" group: [db-service]
||
"queue" group: || [queue-processor]
|| ||
|| ||
\/ \/
\\ //
\\ //
\/ \/
"app" group: [my-app]
```
#### Chart dependencies example
To control the order in which subcharts are installed, upgraded, or uninstalled, chart authors must use the `helm.sh/depends-on/subcharts` annotation or the `depends-on` field in the `Chart.yaml`. These declarations enable Helm to determine the correct sequencing of subchart operations, as illustrated below.
```yaml
name: foo
annotations:
helm.sh/depends-on/subcharts: ["bar", "rabbitmq"]
dependencies:
- name: nginx
version: "18.3.1"
repository: "oci://registry-1.docker.io/bitnamicharts"
- name: rabbitmq
version: "9.3.1"
repository: "oci://registry-1.docker.io/bitnamicharts"
- name: bar # This is a subchart packaged with "foo" in charts dir. It's not pulled from a remote location
version: "0.1.0"
depends-on: ["nginx", "rabbitmq"]
condition: bar.enabled
```
```
[nginx] [rabbitmq]
|| ||
|| ||
\/ \/
\\ //
\/ \/
[bar]
||
||
\/
[foo]
```
In this example, Helm will first install and wait for all resources of `nginx` and `rabbitmq` dependencies to be "ready" before attempting to install `bar` resources. Once all resources of `bar` are "ready" then and only then will `foo` chart resources be installed. `foo` would require `rabbitmq` to be ready but since the subchart resources would have been installed before `bar`, this requirement would have been fulfilled.
This approach of building a directed acyclic graph (DAG) is prone to circular dependencies. During the templating phase, Helm will have logic to detect, and report any circular dependencies found in the chart templates. Helm will also provide a command to print the DAG for development and troubleshooting purposes.
### Readiness
To enforce sequencing, Helm determines whether resources are “ready” before deploying dependent resources. By default, Helm uses [`kstatus`](https://github.com/kubernetes-sigs/cli-utils/blob/master/pkg/kstatus/README.md#the-ready-condition) library to assess readiness based on the resource’s type and `.status` field.
Chart authors can optionally override this behavior using the following annotations:
* `helm.sh/readiness-success`: A list of custom success conditions. If any are true, the resource is marked **ready**.
* `helm.sh/readiness-failure`: A list of custom failure conditions. If any are true, the resource is marked **failed**, which takes precedence over any success check.
Both `helm.sh/readiness-success` and `helm.sh/readiness-failure` must both be provided to override the default readiness logic. If only one is present, Helm will fall back to `kstatus` and emit a warning. Helm will also fail linting when only one of the two is defined, to prevent ambiguous readiness evaluation.
#### JsonPath syntax
The `readiness-success` and `readiness-failure` annotations accept lists of expressions with the format:
```
{<jsonpath_query>} <logical_operator> <value>
```
Where:
* `<jsonpath_query>` is a [Kubernetes JSONPath](https://kubernetes.io/docs/reference/kubectl/jsonpath/) query scoped to `.status`.
* `<logical_operator>` supports: `==`, `!=`, `<`, `<=`, `>`, `>=`.
* `<value>` is the expected literal for comparison. The value should be a scalor (string, number, boolean). Object comparisons will not be supported.
##### Example
```yaml
kind: Job
metadata:
name: db-init
annotations:
helm.sh/readiness-success: ["{.succeeded} == 1", "{.succeeded} == 2"]
helm.sh/readiness-failure: ["{.failed} >= 1"]
status:
succeeded: 1
```
In this case, Helm will consider the resource ready because `.status.succeeded == 1`. If `.status.failed >= 1` had been true, the Job would instead be marked as failed.
A resources readiness is checked if there is a resource that depends on it as per the sequencing DAG, otherwise the checks are ignored.
Helm will wait up to a default of **1 minute** for a resource to either succeed or fail. If the resource does not reach a success or failure state within this period, the operation will time out, causing the chart install or upgrade to fail. This timeout can be customized using the `--readiness-timeout` CLI flag or the `ReadinessTimeout` field in the SDK. However, the specified readiness timeout must not exceed the overall `--timeout` value, which defines the maximum duration allowed for the entire chart installation or upgrade process.
### Sequencing order
Resources with sequencing annotations in a chart would be deployed first followed by resources without. If the chart has a `helm.sh/depends-on/subcharts` annotation in the `Chart.yaml`, all resources of the defined subcharts would be deployed before deploying the main chart. If any sequencing annotations are defined in the subchart resources, Helm will enforce ordering of resources within. Sequencing of resources in a chart are sandboxed within the chart. Sequencing annotations will not affect resources in other charts.
- Installs: Helm will install resources in the order defined by the DAG. If any of the readiness checks fail or timeout, the entire install would fail and the release marked as failed. If `--atomic`, or its SDK equivalent is used, a rollback to the last successful install would take place.
- Uninstalls: Helm would uninstall resources in the reverse order they were installed, as per the sequencing order. The logic to delete each resource will not change.
- Rollbacks: Helm will check from the release object whether the revision being rolled back to, was installed in a sequenced manner. If it was, Helm will respect and enforce this order when installing resources from that revision. When deleting unneeded resources of the revision being rolled back from, the reverse order is followed just like uninstalls.
- `helm template` would print all resources in the order they would be deployed. Groups of resources in a resource-group would be delimited using a `## START resource-group: <chart>/<subchart> <group-name>` comment indicating the beginning of each resource-group and `END resource-group: <chart>/<subchart> <group-name>`.
```yaml
## START resource-group: foo group1
# resource 1
metadata:
name: foo
annotations:
helm.sh/resource-group: group1
---
# resource 2
metadata:
name: bar
annotations:
helm.sh/resource-group: group1
## END resource-group: foo group1
---
## START resource-group: foo/bar group2
# resource 3
metadata:
name: fizz
annotations:
helm.sh/resource-group: group2
helm.sh/depends-on/resource-groups: ["group1"]
## END resource-group: foo/bar group2
```
## Backwards compatibility
Helm will continue to install/upgrade/uninstall/rollback all resources and dependencies at one go for all charts using `Charts v2` and below.
## Security implications
None.
## How to teach this
- Document how sequencing works in the official helm documentation website. Include ordering of Kubernetes resources that Helm enforces when applying resources to the cluster. Examples will be added to best demonstrate how this feature works.
- Document how this feature works for SDK users.
## Reference implementation
N/A
## Rejected ideas
1. A weight based system, similar to Helm hooks
- Static numbering of the order is more challenging to develop and maintain
- Modifying the order can lead to cascading changes.
- Dynamically named system solves these problems for the application distributors.
## Open issues
## Prior raised issues
- https://github.com/helm/helm/pull/12541
- https://github.com/helm/helm/pull/9534
- https://github.com/helm/helm/issues/8439
- https://github.com/helm/community/pull/230

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# Sequenced subchart handling support
## Overview
This plan outlines the implementation of adding subchart sequencing as described in [HIP-0025](https://github.com/helm/community/blob/main/hips/hip-0025.md). This feature enables charts with subcharts to be installed, upgraded, or uninstalled in a specific order based on dependency definitions, ensuring each subchart is fully deployed and ready before its dependents are processed.
## Prior art / background
- [HIP-0025](https://github.com/helm/community/blob/main/hips/hip-0025.md) - Main specification
- [Project plan gist](https://gist.github.com/banjoh/a8a5598ed0e65494017afc36fc5ad35d) - Detailed implementation plan
## Requirements
### Core Features
- Add new `--wait=ordered` CLI option and corresponding `WaitStrategy` to enable sequencing
- Extend Chart.yaml dependency structure with sequencing fields
- Implement Directed Acyclic Graph (DAG) for dependency resolution
- Store sequencing configuration in release objects
- Maintain backward compatibility with existing charts
### Dependency Declaration Methods
1. **Annotation-based**: `helm.sh/depends-on/subcharts` annotation in Chart.yaml
2. **Dependency field**: `depends-on` field in Chart.yaml dependencies list
### Readiness Evaluation
- Use existing `--wait` flag implementation for subchart readiness determination
- No custom readiness evaluation at this stage
### CLI Options
- `--wait=ordered` - Enable ordered subchart processing
- Use existing `--timeout` flag for subchart readiness timeout
## Implementation details
### Manifest Processing Flow
#### Current Behavior
Today, Helm processes all subcharts and their manifests together:
1. Render all subchart templates simultaneously
2. Concatenate all manifests together
3. Send all manifests to Kubernetes client in a single batch
4. Wait for all resources to be ready (if `--wait` is used)
#### New Behavior with `--wait=ordered`
With subchart sequencing enabled, manifests will be sent in batches based on DAG ordering:
1. **DAG Resolution**: Build dependency graph from subchart `depends-on` relationships
2. **Batch Creation**: Group subcharts by dependency level (topological layers)
3. **Sequential Batch Processing**:
Given this example chart:
```yaml
name: foo
annotations:
helm.sh/depends-on/subcharts: ["bar", "rabbitmq"]
dependencies:
- name: nginx
- name: rabbitmq
- name: bar
depends-on: ["nginx", "rabbitmq"]
- name: orphaned
```
Installation order:
```
Batch 1: [nginx, rabbitmq] (bar depends on these)
Batch 2: [bar] (depends on nginx, rabbitmq)
Batch 3: [orphaned, foo] (orphaned has no dependencies, installed with parent)
```
4. **Batch Installation Flow**:
```go
for batchIndex, batch := range batches {
// Render manifests for all subcharts in current batch
for _, subchart := range batch {
manifests := renderSubchartManifests(subchart)
batchManifests = append(batchManifests, manifests...)
}
// Send batch manifests to Kubernetes client
err := i.cfg.KubeClient.Create(batchManifests)
// Wait for all resources in batch to be ready
if i.Wait {
err := i.cfg.KubeClient.WaitForReadiness(batchManifests, i.Timeout)
}
// Collect manifests for final storage
allManifests = append(allManifests, batchManifests...)
}
```
5. **Final Storage**: Concatenate all manifests in installation order and store in `release.Manifest`
#### Key Implementation Points
- **Parallel within batch**: Subcharts at same dependency level install concurrently
- **Sequential between batches**: Next batch waits for previous batch readiness
- **Existing wait logic**: Reuse current `--wait` implementation for readiness checks
- **Backward compatibility**: Without `--wait=ordered`, behavior remains unchanged
- **Nested subchart behavior**: Each chart processes its own DAG for direct dependencies only. When a subchart has nested dependencies, it recursively processes its own DAG first, maintaining atomic unit behavior while avoiding annotation conflicts between chart levels
#### Pseudo Code for New Flow
```go
// In pkg/action/install.go
func (i *Install) installWithSequencing(chart *chart.Chart) error {
if i.WaitStrategy != OrderedWaitStrategy {
// Existing behavior - install all at once
return i.installTraditional(chart)
}
return i.installChartWithDAG(chart, i.Wait, i.Timeout)
}
// Hierarchical DAG processing for nested subcharts
func (i *Install) installChartWithDAG(chart *chart.Chart, wait bool, timeout time.Duration) error {
// Build DAG for this chart's direct dependencies only
dag := buildHierarchicalDAG(chart)
batches := dag.GetInstallationBatches()
var allManifests []string
// Process each batch sequentially
for batchIndex, batch := range batches {
var batchManifests []string
// Process each subchart in current batch
for _, subchart := range batch {
// Recursively process this subchart and its dependencies
subchartManifests := i.processSubchartRecursively(subchart, wait, timeout)
batchManifests = append(batchManifests, subchartManifests...)
}
// Install this batch
if len(batchManifests) > 0 {
err := i.cfg.KubeClient.Create(batchManifests)
if err != nil {
return fmt.Errorf("failed to install batch %d: %w", batchIndex, err)
}
// Wait for all resources in batch to be ready
if wait {
err := i.cfg.KubeClient.WaitForReadiness(batchManifests, timeout)
if err != nil {
return fmt.Errorf("batch %d failed to become ready: %w", batchIndex, err)
}
}
}
allManifests = append(allManifests, batchManifests...)
}
// Add parent chart's own resources after all dependencies
parentManifests := renderChartOwnManifests(chart)
allManifests = append(allManifests, parentManifests...)
// Store concatenated manifests in topological order
i.release.Manifest = strings.Join(allManifests, "\n---\n")
return nil
}
func (i *Install) processSubchartRecursively(subchart *chart.Chart, wait bool, timeout time.Duration) []string {
// If subchart has its own dependencies, process them first
if hasSubchartDependencies(subchart) {
// Recursively handle nested subcharts with their own DAG
return i.installChartWithDAG(subchart, wait, timeout)
} else {
// Simple subchart - just render manifests
return renderSubchartManifests(subchart)
}
}
// Helper functions
func buildHierarchicalDAG(chart *chart.Chart) *SubchartDAG {
dag := &SubchartDAG{}
// Add all direct subcharts to DAG
for _, subchart := range chart.Dependencies() {
dag.AddNode(subchart)
}
// Add edges based on depends-on relationships within THIS chart's scope
for _, subchart := range chart.Dependencies() {
dependsOn := getDependsOnList(subchart, chart) // Parse from chart's annotations/fields
for _, depName := range dependsOn {
depChart := findSubchartByName(chart, depName)
if depChart != nil {
dag.AddEdge(depChart, subchart) // depChart must install before subchart
}
}
}
return dag
}
func (dag *SubchartDAG) GetInstallationBatches() [][]Subchart {
// Perform topological sort
// Group subcharts by dependency level
// Return batches for sequential installation
}
```
### Architecture Changes
1. **Chart Metadata Extension** (`pkg/chart/v2/`)
- ✅ Add `DependsOn []string` field to `Dependency` struct
- Add annotation parsing for `helm.sh/depends-on/subcharts`
2. **Dependency Processing** (`pkg/chart/v2/util/dependencies.go`)
- Implement DAG construction and validation
- Add topological sorting for dependency order
- Add circular dependency detection
3. **Action System** (`pkg/action/`)
- Modify install/upgrade actions to support ordered processing
- Add subchart installation state tracking
- Implement subchart-specific waiting logic
4. **Wait Strategy Extension** (`pkg/kube/`)
- Add `OrderedWaitStrategy` for subchart sequencing
- Reuse existing wait implementation for subchart readiness
- Add timeout mechanisms using existing timeout handling
5. **Release Storage** (`pkg/release/v1/`)
- Store DAG reconstruction metadata in release object
- Implement manifest-based DAG reconstruction for rollbacks
- Handle post-renderer scenarios with robust subchart identification
6. **Manifest Processing** (`pkg/release/util/`)
- Add subchart identification from Source comments
- Handle nested subchart path parsing correctly
- Support post-renderer edge cases with fallback strategies
7. **Hook System** (`pkg/release/v1/hook.go`)
- No changes required - use existing hook system
### Key Data Structures
```go
// Enhanced Dependency struct
type Dependency struct {
Name string `json:"name"`
Version string `json:"version,omitempty"`
Repository string `json:"repository,omitempty"`
DependsOn []string `json:"dependsOn,omitempty"` // ✅ IMPLEMENTED
// ... existing fields
}
// Enhanced Release struct for DAG reconstruction
type Release struct {
// ... existing fields
Manifest string `json:"manifest,omitempty"`
SequencingInfo *SequencingMetadata `json:"sequencing,omitempty"` // NEW
}
// DAG reconstruction metadata
type SequencingMetadata struct {
Enabled bool `json:"enabled"`
Strategy string `json:"strategy"` // "ordered"
Batches []BatchInfo `json:"batches"`
Dependencies map[string][]string `json:"dependencies"` // subchart -> dependsOn
}
type BatchInfo struct {
Order int `json:"order"`
Subcharts []string `json:"subcharts"`
}
// Subchart path parsing for manifest analysis
type SubchartPath struct {
Hierarchy []string // ["redis", "sentinel"] for nested subcharts
Immediate string // "sentinel" - the actual subchart
Parent string // "redis" - parent subchart (if nested)
}
// New wait strategy
const OrderedWaitStrategy WaitStrategy = "ordered"
// Subchart installation state
type SubchartState struct {
Name string
Status string // pending, installing, ready, failed
StartTime time.Time
EndTime time.Time
Error error
}
```
## Implementation steps
### Phase 1: Core Infrastructure ✅
1. ✅ Analyze existing codebase structure
2. ✅ Review HIP-0025 requirements and design
3. ✅ Create comprehensive implementation plan
### Phase 2: Chart Metadata Extension
4. Extend `Dependency` struct with `DependsOn` field in `pkg/chart/v2/dependency.go`
5. Add annotation parsing for `helm.sh/depends-on/subcharts` in Chart.yaml processing
6. Update chart validation to check for circular dependencies
7. Add unit tests for dependency parsing and validation
### Phase 3: Dependency Graph Construction
8. Implement DAG construction in `pkg/chart/v2/util/dependencies.go`
9. Add topological sorting algorithm for dependency ordering
10. Implement circular dependency detection with clear error messages
11. Add dependency resolution caching for performance
12. Add unit tests for DAG construction and sorting
### Phase 4: Wait Strategy Extension
13. Add `OrderedWaitStrategy` constant to `pkg/kube/client.go`
14. Implement ordered wait strategy with subchart awareness using existing wait logic
15. Add timeout mechanisms using existing timeout handling
16. Add unit tests for wait strategy functionality
### Phase 5: Action System Integration
17. Modify `Install` action in `pkg/action/install.go` to support ordered processing
18. Modify `Upgrade` action in `pkg/action/upgrade.go` to support ordered processing
19. Add subchart installation state tracking to actions
20. Implement progress reporting for subchart installations
21. Add error handling and rollback logic for failed subchart installations
22. Add integration tests for install/upgrade with sequencing
### Phase 6: CLI Integration
23. Add `--wait=ordered` flag to install command (`cmd/helm/install.go`)
24. Add `--wait=ordered` flag to upgrade command (`cmd/helm/upgrade.go`)
25. Update command help text and documentation
26. Add CLI integration tests
### Phase 7: Release Storage Enhancement
27. Add `SequencingMetadata` field to `Release` struct in `pkg/release/v1/release.go`
28. Implement manifest-based DAG reconstruction in `pkg/release/util/`
29. Add robust subchart identification from Source comments with nested support
30. Handle post-renderer edge cases with fallback strategies
31. Ensure rollback operations can reconstruct DAG from stored manifest
32. Add unit tests for manifest-based DAG reconstruction
### Phase 8: Testing and Documentation
33. Add comprehensive unit tests for all new functionality
34. Add integration tests for end-to-end subchart sequencing
35. Add performance tests to ensure < 5% overhead
36. Test manifest-based DAG reconstruction with various post-renderer scenarios
37. Update user documentation with examples
38. Add troubleshooting guide for common sequencing issues
### Phase 9: Validation and Polish
39. Validate backward compatibility with existing charts
40. Performance optimization and memory usage analysis
41. Add debugging commands for dependency visualization
42. Final code review and cleanup
43. Prepare release notes and migration guide
## Success Criteria
- ✅ 90%+ test coverage for all new functionality
- ✅ Performance overhead < 5% compared to current implementation
- ✅ Zero breaking changes to existing chart functionality
- ✅ Support for both annotation-based and field-based dependency declaration
- ✅ Comprehensive error handling with clear user messages
- ✅ Full backward compatibility with Helm v3 charts
- ✅ Robust DAG reconstruction from manifests for rollback scenarios
- ✅ Post-renderer compatibility with fallback strategies
- ✅ Correct handling of nested subchart dependencies
## Risk Mitigation
- **Circular Dependencies**: Implement robust detection with clear error messages
- **Performance Impact**: Use caching and optimize DAG construction
- **Backward Compatibility**: Extensive testing with existing charts
- **Complex Error Scenarios**: Comprehensive error handling and rollback logic
- **Memory Usage**: Monitor and optimize memory consumption during processing
- **Post-Renderer Compatibility**: Multiple fallback strategies for subchart identification
- **Nested Subchart Complexity**: Proper path parsing to handle arbitrary nesting levels
- **Manifest Corruption**: Robust error handling when Source comments are missing
## Review
This implementation plan provides a comprehensive roadmap for adding subchart sequencing support to Helm v4. The plan is structured in phases to enable incremental development and testing, with clear success criteria and risk mitigation strategies.
### Key Updates Based on Analysis:
1. **Manifest-Based DAG Reconstruction**: The plan now includes robust DAG reconstruction from stored manifests, enabling rollback scenarios to maintain subchart sequencing even after post-renderer modifications.
2. **Post-Renderer Compatibility**: Added comprehensive strategies for handling post-renderer scenarios, including fallback mechanisms when Source comments are modified or removed.
3. **Nested Subchart Support**: Enhanced subchart path parsing to correctly identify nested subcharts (e.g., "sentinel" within "redis") rather than just the top-level parent.
4. **Enhanced Release Storage**: Modified the release storage approach to include minimal sequencing metadata while leveraging manifest analysis for DAG reconstruction.
5. **Robust Error Handling**: Added comprehensive error handling for edge cases including missing Source comments, disabled subcharts, and post-renderer modifications.
The implementation maintains backward compatibility while providing robust subchart sequencing capabilities that work reliably across various deployment scenarios.
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