# Values
This part of the best practices guide covers using values. In this part of the
guide, we provide recommendations on how you should structure and use your
values, with focus on designing a chart's `values.yaml` file.
## Naming Conventions
Variables names should begin with a lowercase letter, and words should be
separated with camelcase:
Correct:
```yaml
chicken: true
chickenNoodleSoup: true
```
Incorrect:
```yaml
Chicken: true # initial caps may conflict with built-ins
chicken-noodle-soup: true # do not use hyphens in the name
```
Note that all of Helm's built-in variables begin with an uppercase letter to
easily distinguish them from user-defined values: `.Release.Name` ,
`.Capabilities.KubeVersion` .
## Flat or Nested Values
YAML is a flexible format, and values may be nested deeply or flattened.
Nested:
```yaml
server:
name: nginx
port: 80
```
Flat:
```yaml
serverName: nginx
serverPort: 80
```
In most cases, flat should be favored over nested. The reason for this is that
it is simpler for template developers and users.
For optimal safety, a nested value must be checked at every level:
```
{{ if .Values.server }}
{{ default "none" .Values.server.name }}
{{ end }}
```
For every layer of nesting, an existence check must be done. But for flat
configuration, such checks can be skipped, making the template easier to read
and use.
```
{{ default "none" .Values.serverName }}
```
When there are a large number of related variables, and at least one of them
is non-optional, nested values may be used to improve readability.
## Make Types Clear
YAML's type coercion rules are sometimes counterintuitive. For example,
`foo: false` is not the same as `foo: "false"` . Large integers like `foo: 12345678`
will get converted to scientific notation in some cases.
The easiest way to avoid type conversion errors is to be explicit about strings,
and implicit about everything else. Or, in short, _quote all strings_ .
Often, to avoid the integer casting issues, it is advantageous to store your
integers as strings as well, and use `{{ int $value }}` in the template to convert
from a string back to an integer.
In most cases, explicit type tags are respected, so `foo: !!string 1234` should
treat `1234` as a string. _However_ , the YAML parser consumes tags, so the type
data is lost after one parse.
## Consider How Users Will Use Your Values
There are three potential sources of values:
- A chart's `values.yaml` file
- A values file supplied by `helm install -f` or `helm upgrade -f`
- The values passed to a `--set` flag on `helm install` or `helm upgrade`
When designing the structure of your values, keep in mind that users of your
chart may want to override them via either the `-f` flag or with the `--set`
option.
Since `--set` is more limited in expressiveness, the first guidelines for writing
your `values.yaml` file is _make it easy to override from `--set`_ .
For this reason, it's often better to structure your values file using maps.
Difficult to use with `--set` :
```yaml
servers:
- name: foo
port: 80
- name: bar
port: 81
```
The above cannot be expressed with `--set` in Helm `<=2.4` . In Helm 2.5, the
accessing the port on foo is `--set servers[0].port=80` . Not only is it harder
for the user to figure out, but it is prone to errors if at some later time the
order of the `servers` is changed.
Easy to use:
```yaml
servers:
foo:
port: 80
bar:
port: 81
```
Accessing foo's port is much more obvious: `--set servers.foo.port=80` .
## Document 'values.yaml'
Every defined property in 'values.yaml' should be documented. The documentation string should begin with the name of the property that it describes, and then give at least a one-sentence description.
Incorrect:
```
# the host name for the webserver
serverHost = example
serverPort = 9191
```
Correct:
```
# serverHost is the host name for the webserver
serverHost = example
# serverPort is the HTTP listener port for the webserver
serverPort = 9191
```
Beginning each comment with the name of the parameter it documents makes it easy to grep out documentation, and will enable documentation tools to reliably correlate doc strings with the parameters they describe.
