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364 lines
15 KiB
364 lines
15 KiB
# Copyright (c) 2021 PaddlePaddle Authors. All Rights Reserved.
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#
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# Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
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# you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
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# You may obtain a copy of the License at
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#
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# http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
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#
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# Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
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# distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
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# WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
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# See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
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# limitations under the License.
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"""Contains the audio featurizer class."""
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import numpy as np
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from python_speech_features import delta
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from python_speech_features import logfbank
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from python_speech_features import mfcc
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class AudioFeaturizer():
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"""Audio featurizer, for extracting features from audio contents of
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AudioSegment or SpeechSegment.
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Currently, it supports feature types of linear spectrogram and mfcc.
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:param specgram_type: Specgram feature type. Options: 'linear'.
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:type specgram_type: str
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:param stride_ms: Striding size (in milliseconds) for generating frames.
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:type stride_ms: float
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:param window_ms: Window size (in milliseconds) for generating frames.
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:type window_ms: float
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:param max_freq: When specgram_type is 'linear', only FFT bins
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corresponding to frequencies between [0, max_freq] are
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returned; when specgram_type is 'mfcc', max_feq is the
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highest band edge of mel filters.
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:types max_freq: None|float
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:param target_sample_rate: Audio are resampled (if upsampling or
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downsampling is allowed) to this before
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extracting spectrogram features.
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:type target_sample_rate: float
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:param use_dB_normalization: Whether to normalize the audio to a certain
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decibels before extracting the features.
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:type use_dB_normalization: bool
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:param target_dB: Target audio decibels for normalization.
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:type target_dB: float
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"""
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def __init__(self,
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specgram_type: str='linear',
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feat_dim: int=None,
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delta_delta: bool=False,
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stride_ms=10.0,
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window_ms=20.0,
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n_fft=None,
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max_freq=None,
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target_sample_rate=16000,
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use_dB_normalization=True,
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target_dB=-20,
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dither=1.0):
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self._specgram_type = specgram_type
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# mfcc and fbank using `feat_dim`
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self._feat_dim = feat_dim
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# mfcc and fbank using `delta-delta`
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self._delta_delta = delta_delta
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self._stride_ms = stride_ms
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self._window_ms = window_ms
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self._max_freq = max_freq
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self._target_sample_rate = target_sample_rate
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self._use_dB_normalization = use_dB_normalization
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self._target_dB = target_dB
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self._fft_point = n_fft
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self._dither = dither
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def featurize(self,
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audio_segment,
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allow_downsampling=True,
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allow_upsampling=True):
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"""Extract audio features from AudioSegment or SpeechSegment.
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:param audio_segment: Audio/speech segment to extract features from.
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:type audio_segment: AudioSegment|SpeechSegment
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:param allow_downsampling: Whether to allow audio downsampling before
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featurizing.
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:type allow_downsampling: bool
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:param allow_upsampling: Whether to allow audio upsampling before
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featurizing.
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:type allow_upsampling: bool
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:return: Spectrogram audio feature in 2darray.
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:rtype: ndarray
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:raises ValueError: If audio sample rate is not supported.
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"""
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# upsampling or downsampling
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if ((audio_segment.sample_rate > self._target_sample_rate and
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allow_downsampling) or
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(audio_segment.sample_rate < self._target_sample_rate and
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allow_upsampling)):
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audio_segment.resample(self._target_sample_rate)
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if audio_segment.sample_rate != self._target_sample_rate:
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raise ValueError("Audio sample rate is not supported. "
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"Turn allow_downsampling or allow up_sampling on.")
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# decibel normalization
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if self._use_dB_normalization:
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audio_segment.normalize(target_db=self._target_dB)
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# extract spectrogram
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return self._compute_specgram(audio_segment)
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@property
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def stride_ms(self):
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return self._stride_ms
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@property
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def feature_size(self):
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"""audio feature size"""
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feat_dim = 0
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if self._specgram_type == 'linear':
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fft_point = self._window_ms if self._fft_point is None else self._fft_point
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feat_dim = int(fft_point * (self._target_sample_rate / 1000) / 2 +
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1)
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elif self._specgram_type == 'mfcc':
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# mfcc, delta, delta-delta
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feat_dim = int(self._feat_dim *
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3) if self._delta_delta else int(self._feat_dim)
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elif self._specgram_type == 'fbank':
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# fbank, delta, delta-delta
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feat_dim = int(self._feat_dim *
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3) if self._delta_delta else int(self._feat_dim)
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else:
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raise ValueError("Unknown specgram_type %s. "
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"Supported values: linear." % self._specgram_type)
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return feat_dim
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def _compute_specgram(self, audio_segment):
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"""Extract various audio features."""
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sample_rate = audio_segment.sample_rate
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if self._specgram_type == 'linear':
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samples = audio_segment.samples
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return self._compute_linear_specgram(
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samples,
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sample_rate,
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stride_ms=self._stride_ms,
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window_ms=self._window_ms,
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max_freq=self._max_freq)
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elif self._specgram_type == 'mfcc':
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samples = audio_segment.to('int16')
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return self._compute_mfcc(
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samples,
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sample_rate,
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feat_dim=self._feat_dim,
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stride_ms=self._stride_ms,
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window_ms=self._window_ms,
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max_freq=self._max_freq,
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dither=self._dither,
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delta_delta=self._delta_delta)
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elif self._specgram_type == 'fbank':
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samples = audio_segment.to('int16')
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return self._compute_fbank(
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samples,
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sample_rate,
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feat_dim=self._feat_dim,
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stride_ms=self._stride_ms,
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window_ms=self._window_ms,
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max_freq=self._max_freq,
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dither=self._dither,
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delta_delta=self._delta_delta)
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else:
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raise ValueError("Unknown specgram_type %s. "
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"Supported values: linear." % self._specgram_type)
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def _specgram_real(self, samples, window_size, stride_size, sample_rate):
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"""Compute the spectrogram for samples from a real signal."""
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# extract strided windows
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truncate_size = (len(samples) - window_size) % stride_size
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samples = samples[:len(samples) - truncate_size]
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nshape = (window_size, (len(samples) - window_size) // stride_size + 1)
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nstrides = (samples.strides[0], samples.strides[0] * stride_size)
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windows = np.lib.stride_tricks.as_strided(
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samples, shape=nshape, strides=nstrides)
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assert np.all(
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windows[:, 1] == samples[stride_size:(stride_size + window_size)])
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# window weighting, squared Fast Fourier Transform (fft), scaling
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weighting = np.hanning(window_size)[:, None]
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# https://numpy.org/doc/stable/reference/generated/numpy.fft.rfft.html
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fft = np.fft.rfft(windows * weighting, n=None, axis=0)
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fft = np.absolute(fft)
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fft = fft**2
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scale = np.sum(weighting**2) * sample_rate
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fft[1:-1, :] *= (2.0 / scale)
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fft[(0, -1), :] /= scale
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# prepare fft frequency list
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freqs = float(sample_rate) / window_size * np.arange(fft.shape[0])
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return fft, freqs
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def _compute_linear_specgram(self,
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samples,
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sample_rate,
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stride_ms=10.0,
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window_ms=20.0,
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max_freq=None,
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eps=1e-14):
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"""Compute the linear spectrogram from FFT energy.
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Args:
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samples ([type]): [description]
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sample_rate ([type]): [description]
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stride_ms (float, optional): [description]. Defaults to 10.0.
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window_ms (float, optional): [description]. Defaults to 20.0.
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max_freq ([type], optional): [description]. Defaults to None.
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eps ([type], optional): [description]. Defaults to 1e-14.
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Raises:
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ValueError: [description]
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ValueError: [description]
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Returns:
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np.ndarray: log spectrogram, (time, freq)
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"""
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if max_freq is None:
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max_freq = sample_rate / 2
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if max_freq > sample_rate / 2:
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raise ValueError("max_freq must not be greater than half of "
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"sample rate.")
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if stride_ms > window_ms:
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raise ValueError("Stride size must not be greater than "
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"window size.")
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stride_size = int(0.001 * sample_rate * stride_ms)
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window_size = int(0.001 * sample_rate * window_ms)
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specgram, freqs = self._specgram_real(
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samples,
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window_size=window_size,
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stride_size=stride_size,
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sample_rate=sample_rate)
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ind = np.where(freqs <= max_freq)[0][-1] + 1
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# (freq, time)
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spec = np.log(specgram[:ind, :] + eps)
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return np.transpose(spec)
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def _concat_delta_delta(self, feat):
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"""append delat, delta-delta feature.
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Args:
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feat (np.ndarray): (T, D)
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Returns:
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np.ndarray: feat with delta-delta, (T, 3*D)
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"""
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# Deltas
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d_feat = delta(feat, 2)
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# Deltas-Deltas
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dd_feat = delta(feat, 2)
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# concat above three features
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concat_feat = np.concatenate((feat, d_feat, dd_feat), axis=1)
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return concat_feat
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def _compute_mfcc(self,
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samples,
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sample_rate,
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feat_dim=13,
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stride_ms=10.0,
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window_ms=25.0,
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max_freq=None,
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dither=1.0,
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delta_delta=True):
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"""Compute mfcc from samples.
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Args:
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samples (np.ndarray, np.int16): the audio signal from which to compute features.
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sample_rate (float): the sample rate of the signal we are working with, in Hz.
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feat_dim (int): the number of cepstrum to return, default 13.
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stride_ms (float, optional): stride length in ms. Defaults to 10.0.
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window_ms (float, optional): window length in ms. Defaults to 25.0.
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max_freq ([type], optional): highest band edge of mel filters. In Hz, default is samplerate/2. Defaults to None.
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delta_delta (bool, optional): Whether with delta delta. Defaults to False.
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Raises:
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ValueError: max_freq > samplerate/2
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ValueError: stride_ms > window_ms
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Returns:
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np.ndarray: mfcc feature, (D, T).
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"""
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if max_freq is None:
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max_freq = sample_rate / 2
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if max_freq > sample_rate / 2:
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raise ValueError("max_freq must not be greater than half of "
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"sample rate.")
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if stride_ms > window_ms:
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raise ValueError("Stride size must not be greater than "
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"window size.")
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# compute the 13 cepstral coefficients, and the first one is replaced
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# by log(frame energy), (T, D)
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mfcc_feat = mfcc(
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signal=samples,
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samplerate=sample_rate,
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winlen=0.001 * window_ms,
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winstep=0.001 * stride_ms,
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numcep=feat_dim,
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nfilt=23,
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nfft=512,
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lowfreq=20,
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highfreq=max_freq,
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dither=dither,
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remove_dc_offset=True,
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preemph=0.97,
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ceplifter=22,
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useEnergy=True,
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winfunc='povey')
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if delta_delta:
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mfcc_feat = self._concat_delta_delta(mfcc_feat)
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return mfcc_feat
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def _compute_fbank(self,
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samples,
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sample_rate,
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feat_dim=40,
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stride_ms=10.0,
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window_ms=25.0,
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max_freq=None,
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dither=1.0,
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delta_delta=False):
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"""Compute logfbank from samples.
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Args:
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samples (np.ndarray, np.int16): the audio signal from which to compute features. Should be an N*1 array
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sample_rate (float): the sample rate of the signal we are working with, in Hz.
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feat_dim (int): the number of cepstrum to return, default 13.
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stride_ms (float, optional): stride length in ms. Defaults to 10.0.
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window_ms (float, optional): window length in ms. Defaults to 20.0.
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max_freq (float, optional): highest band edge of mel filters. In Hz, default is samplerate/2. Defaults to None.
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delta_delta (bool, optional): Whether with delta delta. Defaults to False.
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Raises:
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ValueError: max_freq > samplerate/2
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ValueError: stride_ms > window_ms
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Returns:
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np.ndarray: mfcc feature, (D, T).
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"""
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if max_freq is None:
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max_freq = sample_rate / 2
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if max_freq > sample_rate / 2:
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raise ValueError("max_freq must not be greater than half of "
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"sample rate.")
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if stride_ms > window_ms:
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raise ValueError("Stride size must not be greater than "
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"window size.")
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# (T, D)
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fbank_feat = logfbank(
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signal=samples,
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samplerate=sample_rate,
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winlen=0.001 * window_ms,
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winstep=0.001 * stride_ms,
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nfilt=feat_dim,
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nfft=512,
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lowfreq=20,
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highfreq=max_freq,
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dither=dither,
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remove_dc_offset=True,
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preemph=0.97,
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wintype='povey')
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if delta_delta:
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fbank_feat = self._concat_delta_delta(fbank_feat)
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return fbank_feat
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