# Copyright (c) 2021 PaddlePaddle Authors. All Rights Reserved.
#
# Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
# you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
# You may obtain a copy of the License at
#
# http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
#
# Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
# distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
# WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
# See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
# limitations under the License.
"""Contains U2 model."""
import json
import os
import sys
import time
from collections import defaultdict
from pathlib import Path
from typing import Optional
import numpy as np
import paddle
from paddle import distributed as dist
from paddle.io import DataLoader
from yacs.config import CfgNode
from deepspeech.io.collator import SpeechCollator
from deepspeech.io.dataset import ManifestDataset
from deepspeech.io.sampler import SortagradBatchSampler
from deepspeech.io.sampler import SortagradDistributedBatchSampler
from deepspeech.models.u2 import U2Model
from deepspeech.training.gradclip import ClipGradByGlobalNormWithLog
from deepspeech.training.scheduler import WarmupLR
from deepspeech.training.trainer import Trainer
from deepspeech.utils import error_rate
from deepspeech.utils import layer_tools
from deepspeech.utils import mp_tools
from deepspeech.utils.log import Log
logger = Log(__name__).getlog()
class U2Trainer(Trainer):
@classmethod
def params(cls, config: Optional[CfgNode]=None) -> CfgNode:
# training config
default = CfgNode(
dict(
n_epoch=50, # train epochs
log_interval=100, # steps
accum_grad=1, # accum grad by # steps
global_grad_clip=5.0, # the global norm clip
))
default.optim = 'adam'
default.optim_conf = CfgNode(
dict(
lr=5e-4, # learning rate
weight_decay=1e-6, # the coeff of weight decay
))
default.scheduler = 'warmuplr'
default.scheduler_conf = CfgNode(
dict(
warmup_steps=25000,
lr_decay=1.0, # learning rate decay
))
if config is not None:
config.merge_from_other_cfg(default)
return default
def __init__(self, config, args):
super().__init__(config, args)
def train_batch(self, batch_index, batch_data, msg):
train_conf = self.config.training
start = time.time()
utt, audio, audio_len, text, text_len = batch_data
loss, attention_loss, ctc_loss = self.model(audio, audio_len, text,
text_len)
# loss div by `batch_size * accum_grad`
loss /= train_conf.accum_grad
loss.backward()
layer_tools.print_grads(self.model, print_func=None)
losses_np = {'loss': float(loss) * train_conf.accum_grad}
if attention_loss:
losses_np['att_loss'] = float(attention_loss)
if ctc_loss:
losses_np['ctc_loss'] = float(ctc_loss)
if (batch_index + 1) % train_conf.accum_grad == 0:
self.optimizer.step()
self.optimizer.clear_grad()
self.lr_scheduler.step()
self.iteration += 1
iteration_time = time.time() - start
if (batch_index + 1) % train_conf.log_interval == 0:
msg += "train time: {:>.3f}s, ".format(iteration_time)
msg += "batch size: {}, ".format(self.config.collator.batch_size)
msg += "accum: {}, ".format(train_conf.accum_grad)
msg += ', '.join('{}: {:>.6f}'.format(k, v)
for k, v in losses_np.items())
logger.info(msg)
if dist.get_rank() == 0 and self.visualizer:
losses_np_v = losses_np.copy()
losses_np_v.update({"lr": self.lr_scheduler()})
self.visualizer.add_scalars("step", losses_np_v,
self.iteration - 1)
@paddle.no_grad()
def valid(self):
self.model.eval()
logger.info(f"Valid Total Examples: {len(self.valid_loader.dataset)}")
valid_losses = defaultdict(list)
num_seen_utts = 1
total_loss = 0.0
for i, batch in enumerate(self.valid_loader):
utt, audio, audio_len, text, text_len = batch
loss, attention_loss, ctc_loss = self.model(audio, audio_len, text,
text_len)
if paddle.isfinite(loss):
num_utts = batch[1].shape[0]
num_seen_utts += num_utts
total_loss += float(loss) * num_utts
valid_losses['val_loss'].append(float(loss))
if attention_loss:
valid_losses['val_att_loss'].append(float(attention_loss))
if ctc_loss:
valid_losses['val_ctc_loss'].append(float(ctc_loss))
if (i + 1) % self.config.training.log_interval == 0:
valid_dump = {k: np.mean(v) for k, v in valid_losses.items()}
valid_dump['val_history_loss'] = total_loss / num_seen_utts
# logging
msg = f"Valid: Rank: {dist.get_rank()}, "
msg += "epoch: {}, ".format(self.epoch)
msg += "step: {}, ".format(self.iteration)
msg += "batch: {}/{}, ".format(i + 1, len(self.valid_loader))
msg += ', '.join('{}: {:>.6f}'.format(k, v)
for k, v in valid_dump.items())
logger.info(msg)
logger.info('Rank {} Val info val_loss {}'.format(
dist.get_rank(), total_loss / num_seen_utts))
return total_loss, num_seen_utts
def train(self):
"""The training process control by step."""
# !!!IMPORTANT!!!
# Try to export the model by script, if fails, we should refine
# the code to satisfy the script export requirements
# script_model = paddle.jit.to_static(self.model)
# script_model_path = str(self.checkpoint_dir / 'init')
# paddle.jit.save(script_model, script_model_path)
from_scratch = self.resume_or_scratch()
if from_scratch:
# save init model, i.e. 0 epoch
self.save(tag='init')
self.lr_scheduler.step(self.iteration)
if self.parallel:
self.train_loader.batch_sampler.set_epoch(self.epoch)
logger.info(f"Train Total Examples: {len(self.train_loader.dataset)}")
while self.epoch < self.config.training.n_epoch:
self.model.train()
try:
data_start_time = time.time()
for batch_index, batch in enumerate(self.train_loader):
dataload_time = time.time() - data_start_time
msg = "Train: Rank: {}, ".format(dist.get_rank())
msg += "epoch: {}, ".format(self.epoch)
msg += "step: {}, ".format(self.iteration)
msg += "batch : {}/{}, ".format(batch_index + 1,
len(self.train_loader))
msg += "lr: {:>.8f}, ".format(self.lr_scheduler())
msg += "data time: {:>.3f}s, ".format(dataload_time)
self.train_batch(batch_index, batch, msg)
data_start_time = time.time()
except Exception as e:
logger.error(e)
raise e
total_loss, num_seen_utts = self.valid()
if dist.get_world_size() > 1:
num_seen_utts = paddle.to_tensor(num_seen_utts)
# the default operator in all_reduce function is sum.
dist.all_reduce(num_seen_utts)
total_loss = paddle.to_tensor(total_loss)
dist.all_reduce(total_loss)
cv_loss = total_loss / num_seen_utts
cv_loss = float(cv_loss)
else:
cv_loss = total_loss / num_seen_utts
logger.info(
'Epoch {} Val info val_loss {}'.format(self.epoch, cv_loss))
if self.visualizer:
self.visualizer.add_scalars(
'epoch', {'cv_loss': cv_loss,
'lr': self.lr_scheduler()}, self.epoch)
self.save(tag=self.epoch, infos={'val_loss': cv_loss})
self.new_epoch()
def setup_dataloader(self):
config = self.config.clone()
config.defrost()
config.collator.keep_transcription_text = False
# train/valid dataset, return token ids
config.data.manifest = config.data.train_manifest
train_dataset = ManifestDataset.from_config(config)
config.data.manifest = config.data.dev_manifest
dev_dataset = ManifestDataset.from_config(config)
collate_fn_train = SpeechCollator.from_config(config)
config.collator.augmentation_config = ""
collate_fn_dev = SpeechCollator.from_config(config)
if self.parallel:
batch_sampler = SortagradDistributedBatchSampler(
train_dataset,
batch_size=config.collator.batch_size,
num_replicas=None,
rank=None,
shuffle=True,
drop_last=True,
sortagrad=config.collator.sortagrad,
shuffle_method=config.collator.shuffle_method)
else:
batch_sampler = SortagradBatchSampler(
train_dataset,
shuffle=True,
batch_size=config.collator.batch_size,
drop_last=True,
sortagrad=config.collator.sortagrad,
shuffle_method=config.collator.shuffle_method)
self.train_loader = DataLoader(
train_dataset,
batch_sampler=batch_sampler,
collate_fn=collate_fn_train,
num_workers=config.collator.num_workers, )
self.valid_loader = DataLoader(
dev_dataset,
batch_size=config.collator.batch_size,
shuffle=False,
drop_last=False,
collate_fn=collate_fn_dev)
# test dataset, return raw text
config.data.manifest = config.data.test_manifest
# filter test examples, will cause less examples, but no mismatch with training
# and can use large batch size , save training time, so filter test egs now.
# config.data.min_input_len = 0.0 # second
# config.data.max_input_len = float('inf') # second
# config.data.min_output_len = 0.0 # tokens
# config.data.max_output_len = float('inf') # tokens
# config.data.min_output_input_ratio = 0.00
# config.data.max_output_input_ratio = float('inf')
test_dataset = ManifestDataset.from_config(config)
# return text ord id
config.collator.keep_transcription_text = True
config.collator.augmentation_config = ""
self.test_loader = DataLoader(
test_dataset,
batch_size=config.decoding.batch_size,
shuffle=False,
drop_last=False,
collate_fn=SpeechCollator.from_config(config))
logger.info("Setup train/valid/test Dataloader!")
def setup_model(self):
config = self.config
model_conf = config.model
model_conf.defrost()
model_conf.input_dim = self.train_loader.collate_fn.feature_size
model_conf.output_dim = self.train_loader.collate_fn.vocab_size
model_conf.freeze()
model = U2Model.from_config(model_conf)
if self.parallel:
model = paddle.DataParallel(model)
logger.info(f"{model}")
layer_tools.print_params(model, logger.info)
train_config = config.training
optim_type = train_config.optim
optim_conf = train_config.optim_conf
scheduler_type = train_config.scheduler
scheduler_conf = train_config.scheduler_conf
grad_clip = ClipGradByGlobalNormWithLog(train_config.global_grad_clip)
weight_decay = paddle.regularizer.L2Decay(optim_conf.weight_decay)
if scheduler_type == 'expdecaylr':
lr_scheduler = paddle.optimizer.lr.ExponentialDecay(
learning_rate=optim_conf.lr,
gamma=scheduler_conf.lr_decay,
verbose=False)
elif scheduler_type == 'warmuplr':
lr_scheduler = WarmupLR(
learning_rate=optim_conf.lr,
warmup_steps=scheduler_conf.warmup_steps,
verbose=False)
else:
raise ValueError(f"Not support scheduler: {scheduler_type}")
if optim_type == 'adam':
optimizer = paddle.optimizer.Adam(
learning_rate=lr_scheduler,
parameters=model.parameters(),
weight_decay=weight_decay,
grad_clip=grad_clip)
else:
raise ValueError(f"Not support optim: {optim_type}")
self.model = model
self.optimizer = optimizer
self.lr_scheduler = lr_scheduler
logger.info("Setup model/optimizer/lr_scheduler!")
class U2Tester(U2Trainer):
@classmethod
def params(cls, config: Optional[CfgNode]=None) -> CfgNode:
# decoding config
default = CfgNode(
dict(
alpha=2.5, # Coef of LM for beam search.
beta=0.3, # Coef of WC for beam search.
cutoff_prob=1.0, # Cutoff probability for pruning.
cutoff_top_n=40, # Cutoff number for pruning.
lang_model_path='models/lm/common_crawl_00.prune01111.trie.klm', # Filepath for language model.
decoding_method='attention', # Decoding method. Options: 'attention', 'ctc_greedy_search',
# 'ctc_prefix_beam_search', 'attention_rescoring'
error_rate_type='wer', # Error rate type for evaluation. Options `wer`, 'cer'
num_proc_bsearch=8, # # of CPUs for beam search.
beam_size=10, # Beam search width.
batch_size=16, # decoding batch size
ctc_weight=0.0, # ctc weight for attention rescoring decode mode.
decoding_chunk_size=-1, # decoding chunk size. Defaults to -1.
# <0: for decoding, use full chunk.
# >0: for decoding, use fixed chunk size as set.
# 0: used for training, it's prohibited here.
num_decoding_left_chunks=-1, # number of left chunks for decoding. Defaults to -1.
simulate_streaming=False, # simulate streaming inference. Defaults to False.
))
if config is not None:
config.merge_from_other_cfg(default)
return default
def __init__(self, config, args):
super().__init__(config, args)
def ordid2token(self, texts, texts_len):
""" ord() id to chr() chr """
trans = []
for text, n in zip(texts, texts_len):
n = n.numpy().item()
ids = text[:n]
trans.append(''.join([chr(i) for i in ids]))
return trans
def compute_metrics(self,
utts,
audio,
audio_len,
texts,
texts_len,
fout=None):
cfg = self.config.decoding
errors_sum, len_refs, num_ins = 0.0, 0, 0
errors_func = error_rate.char_errors if cfg.error_rate_type == 'cer' else error_rate.word_errors
error_rate_func = error_rate.cer if cfg.error_rate_type == 'cer' else error_rate.wer
start_time = time.time()
text_feature = self.test_loader.collate_fn.text_feature
target_transcripts = self.ordid2token(texts, texts_len)
result_transcripts = self.model.decode(
audio,
audio_len,
text_feature=text_feature,
decoding_method=cfg.decoding_method,
lang_model_path=cfg.lang_model_path,
beam_alpha=cfg.alpha,
beam_beta=cfg.beta,
beam_size=cfg.beam_size,
cutoff_prob=cfg.cutoff_prob,
cutoff_top_n=cfg.cutoff_top_n,
num_processes=cfg.num_proc_bsearch,
ctc_weight=cfg.ctc_weight,
decoding_chunk_size=cfg.decoding_chunk_size,
num_decoding_left_chunks=cfg.num_decoding_left_chunks,
simulate_streaming=cfg.simulate_streaming)
decode_time = time.time() - start_time
for utt, target, result in zip(utts, target_transcripts,
result_transcripts):
errors, len_ref = errors_func(target, result)
errors_sum += errors
len_refs += len_ref
num_ins += 1
if fout:
fout.write(utt + " " + result + "\n")
logger.info("\nTarget Transcription: %s\nOutput Transcription: %s" %
(target, result))
logger.info("One example error rate [%s] = %f" %
(cfg.error_rate_type, error_rate_func(target, result)))
return dict(
errors_sum=errors_sum,
len_refs=len_refs,
num_ins=num_ins, # num examples
error_rate=errors_sum / len_refs,
error_rate_type=cfg.error_rate_type,
num_frames=audio_len.sum().numpy().item(),
decode_time=decode_time)
@mp_tools.rank_zero_only
@paddle.no_grad()
def test(self):
assert self.args.result_file
self.model.eval()
logger.info(f"Test Total Examples: {len(self.test_loader.dataset)}")
stride_ms = self.test_loader.collate_fn.stride_ms
error_rate_type = None
errors_sum, len_refs, num_ins = 0.0, 0, 0
num_frames = 0.0
num_time = 0.0
with open(self.args.result_file, 'w') as fout:
for i, batch in enumerate(self.test_loader):
metrics = self.compute_metrics(*batch, fout=fout)
num_frames += metrics['num_frames']
num_time += metrics["decode_time"]
errors_sum += metrics['errors_sum']
len_refs += metrics['len_refs']
num_ins += metrics['num_ins']
error_rate_type = metrics['error_rate_type']
rtf = num_time / (num_frames * stride_ms)
logger.info(
"RTF: %f, Error rate [%s] (%d/?) = %f" %
(rtf, error_rate_type, num_ins, errors_sum / len_refs))
rtf = num_time / (num_frames * stride_ms)
msg = "Test: "
msg += "epoch: {}, ".format(self.epoch)
msg += "step: {}, ".format(self.iteration)
msg += "RTF: {}, ".format(rtf)
msg += "Final error rate [%s] (%d/%d) = %f" % (
error_rate_type, num_ins, num_ins, errors_sum / len_refs)
logger.info(msg)
# test meta results
err_meta_path = os.path.splitext(self.args.result_file)[0] + '.err'
err_type_str = "{}".format(error_rate_type)
with open(err_meta_path, 'w') as f:
data = json.dumps({
"epoch":
self.epoch,
"step":
self.iteration,
"rtf":
rtf,
error_rate_type:
errors_sum / len_refs,
"dataset_hour": (num_frames * stride_ms) / 1000.0 / 3600.0,
"process_hour":
num_time / 1000.0 / 3600.0,
"num_examples":
num_ins,
"err_sum":
errors_sum,
"ref_len":
len_refs,
"decode_method":
self.config.decoding.decoding_method,
})
f.write(data + '\n')
def run_test(self):
self.resume_or_scratch()
try:
self.test()
except KeyboardInterrupt:
sys.exit(-1)
def load_inferspec(self):
"""infer model and input spec.
Returns:
nn.Layer: inference model
List[paddle.static.InputSpec]: input spec.
"""
from deepspeech.models.u2 import U2InferModel
infer_model = U2InferModel.from_pretrained(self.test_loader.dataset,
self.config.model.clone(),
self.args.checkpoint_path)
feat_dim = self.test_loader.collate_fn.feature_size
input_spec = [
paddle.static.InputSpec(
shape=[None, feat_dim, None],
dtype='float32'), # audio, [B,D,T]
paddle.static.InputSpec(shape=[None],
dtype='int64'), # audio_length, [B]
]
return infer_model, input_spec
def export(self):
infer_model, input_spec = self.load_inferspec()
assert isinstance(input_spec, list), type(input_spec)
infer_model.eval()
static_model = paddle.jit.to_static(infer_model, input_spec=input_spec)
logger.info(f"Export code: {static_model.forward.code}")
paddle.jit.save(static_model, self.args.export_path)
def run_export(self):
try:
self.export()
except KeyboardInterrupt:
sys.exit(-1)
def setup(self):
"""Setup the experiment.
"""
paddle.set_device(self.args.device)
self.setup_output_dir()
self.setup_checkpointer()
self.setup_dataloader()
self.setup_model()
self.iteration = 0
self.epoch = 0
def setup_output_dir(self):
"""Create a directory used for output.
"""
# output dir
if self.args.output:
output_dir = Path(self.args.output).expanduser()
output_dir.mkdir(parents=True, exist_ok=True)
else:
output_dir = Path(
self.args.checkpoint_path).expanduser().parent.parent
output_dir.mkdir(parents=True, exist_ok=True)
self.output_dir = output_dir