OpenIM, the open source project, employs a comprehensive version management system to ensure the reliability and traceability of our software. Our version management consists of three main components: the `main` branch, the `release` branch, and `tag` management.
The `main` branch is where all the latest code resides. It's the hub of activity, embodying all the cutting-edge features that are currently being developed or updated. However, since it's subject to frequent changes and updates, it may not always represent the most stable version of the software. Access the `main` branch [here](https://github.com/OpenIMSDK/Open-IM-Server/tree/main).
On the other hand, we have the `release` branch. For instance, in the context of version 3.1, we maintain a `release-v3.1` branch. Unlike the `main` branch, the release branch is designed to be a continuously stable and updated version of the software. This provides a reliable option for users who prefer stability over the latest, but potentially unstable, features. Access the `release-v3.1` branch [here](https://github.com/OpenIMSDK/Open-IM-Server/tree/release-v3.1).
In addition to the `main` and `release` branches, `tag` also plays a pivotal role in version control. Tags are immutable, meaning once they're created, they remain unchanged. Therefore, if you need a specific version of the software, you can use the corresponding tag. All of our available tags can be viewed [here](https://github.com/OpenIMSDK/Open-IM-Server/tags).
Moreover, our Docker image versions are closely tied with these three components. For example, a tag might correspond to the Docker image `ghcr.io/openimsdk/openim-server:v3.1.0`, a release might be represented as `ghcr.io/openimsdk/openim-server:release-v3.0`, and the main branch could be represented as `ghcr.io/openimsdk/openim-server:main` or `ghcr.io/openimsdk/openim-server:latest`.
- **Revision version number**: The third digit of the version number, representing bug fixes or code optimizations, usually no new features are added and it is backward compatible with older versions.
- **Build version number**: Usually automatically generated by the system, every code submission will result in an automatic increment by 1.
- Version modifiers
: These can represent the development stage and stability of the software. Common ones include:
-`alpha`: An internal testing version with many bugs, generally used for communication among developers.
-`beta`: A test version with many bugs, generally used for testing by eager community members, who provide feedback to the developers.
-`rc`: Release candidate, to be released as the official version, it's the last test version before the official version.
-`ga`: General Availability, the first stable release.
-`r/release/or nothing`: The final release version, intended for general users.
-`lts`: Long Term Support, the official will specify the maintenance year for this version and will fix all bugs found in this version.
When adding partial functions to the project, the minor version number increases by 1, and the revision version number resets to 0. When there are major changes in the project, the major version number increases by 1. The build number is generally automatically generated by the compiler during the compilation process, only the format needs to be defined, and it does not need to be manually controlled.
OpenIM manages two primary branches: `main` and `release`. The project uses Semantic Versioning 2.0.0 to tag different versions of the software, each indicating a significant milestone in the software's development.
In the OpenIM repository, the versioning adheres to the `MAJOR.MINOR.PATCH` format, where:
-`MAJOR` version changes when there are incompatible changes to the API,
-`MINOR` version changes when features are added in a backward-compatible manner, and
-`PATCH` version changes when backward-compatible bugs are fixed.
When a significant milestone like v3.1.0 is achieved, a new branch `release-v3.1` is created. This branch contains all the code pertaining to this stable release. All bug fixes and features intended for the next version, v3.2.0, are merged into this branch.
The release of `PATCH` versions (Z in `X.Y.Z`) are driven by bug fixes, and these can be rolled out depending on the bug's priority or over a scheduled time. On the other hand, `MINOR` versions (Y in `X.Y.Z`) are released based on the project's roadmap, milestone completion, or on a scheduled timeline. Importantly, the API of minor versions is always backward-compatible.
## Dealing with Major Bugs
In the event of a major bug discovery, the fix would selectively be merged into the previous version (e.g., v3.1 or the `release-v3.1` branch), as well as into the `main` branch. This is to ensure that users relying on the older version can still receive important bug fixes, while also keeping the main branch updated.
It's worth noting that a robust testing regime should be in place to ensure the integrity of all branches at any given time. Automated tests and code review sessions are crucial components of maintaining a healthy codebase.
To summarize, OpenIM's approach to branch management and versioning ensures a balance between introducing new features, fixing bugs, and maintaining backward compatibility. This strategy is vital for managing user expectations, supporting older versions, and paving the way for the project's continuous growth.
## Git Workflow Example
To put the above principles into practice, here's a Git workflow example that you might follow when working on a bug fix:
```
bashCopy code# Checkout the branch for the version that needs the bug fix
git checkout release-v3.1
# Create a new branch for the bug fix
git checkout -b bug/bug-name
# ... Make changes, commit your work ...
# Push the branch to your remote repository
git push origin bug/bug-name
# After the pull request is merged into the release-v3.1 branch,
# checkout and update your main branch
git checkout main
git pull origin main
# Merge or rebase the changes from release-v3.1 into main
