@ -7,107 +7,138 @@ One of the most useful practical uses of machine learning is building recommenda
[](https://youtu.be/giIXNoiqO_U "Recommendation Systems Introduction")
> 🎥 Click the image above for a video: Andrew Ng introduces recommendation system design
- How to build a model and save it as an Onnx model
- How to use Netron to inspect the model
- How to use your model in a web app for inference
## Build your model
Building applied ML systems is an important part of leveraging these technologies for your business systems. You can use models within your web applications (and thus use them in an offline context if needed) by using Onnx. In a [previous lesson](../../3-Web-App/1-Web-App/README.md), you built a Regression model about UFO sightings, "pickled" it, and used it in a Flask app. While this architecture is very useful to know it is a full-stack Python app, and your requirements may include the use of a JavaScript application. In this lesson, you can build a basic JavaScript-based system for inference. First, however, you need to train a model and convert it for use with Onnx.
Building applied ML systems is an important part of leveraging these technologies for your business systems. You can use models within your web applications (and thus use them in an offline context if needed) by using Onnx.
In a [previous lesson](../../3-Web-App/1-Web-App/README.md), you built a Regression model about UFO sightings, "pickled" it, and used it in a Flask app. While this architecture is very useful to know, it is a full-stack Python app, and your requirements may include the use of a JavaScript application.
In this lesson, you can build a basic JavaScript-based system for inference. First, however, you need to train a model and convert it for use with Onnx.
## Exercise - train classification model
First, train a classification model using the cleaned cuisines dataset we used.
1. Start by importing useful libraries:
```python
pip install skl2onnx
import pandas as pd
```
You need '[skl2onnx](https://onnx.ai/sklearn-onnx/)' to help convert your Scikit-learn model to Onnx format.
1. Then, work with your data in the same way you did in previous lessons, by reading a CSV file using `read_csv()`:
```python
data = pd.read_csv('../data/cleaned_cuisine.csv')
data.head()
```
1. Remove the first two unnecessary columns and save the remaining data as 'X':
First, train a classification model using the cleaned cuisines dataset we used. Start by importing useful libraries:
```python
X = data.iloc[:,2:]
X.head()
```
```python
pip install skl2onnx
import pandas as pd
```
You need '[skl2onnx](https://onnx.ai/sklearn-onnx/)' to help convert your Scikit-learn model to Onnx format.
1. Save the labels as 'y':
Then, work with your data in the same way you did in previous lessons:
```python
y = data[['cuisine']]
y.head()
```
```python
data = pd.read_csv('../data/cleaned_cuisine.csv')
data.head()
```
### Commence the training routine
Remove the first two unnecessary columns and save the remaining data as 'X':
We will use the 'SVC' library which has good accuracy.
```python
X = data.iloc[:,2:]
X.head()
```
1. Import the appropriate libraries from Scikit-learn:
Save the labels as 'y':
```python
from sklearn.model_selection import train_test_split
from sklearn.svm import SVC
from sklearn.model_selection import cross_val_score
from sklearn.metrics import accuracy_score,precision_score,confusion_matrix,classification_report
Build an SVC Classification model as you did in the previous lesson:
1. Now, test your model, calling `predict()`:
```python
model = SVC(kernel='linear', C=10, probability=True,random_state=0)
model.fit(X_train,y_train.values.ravel())
```
Now, test your model:
```python
y_pred = model.predict(X_test)
```
```python
y_pred = model.predict(X_test)
```
Print out a classification report to check the model's quality:
1. Print out a classification report to check the model's quality:
```python
print(classification_report(y_test,y_pred))
```
As we saw before, the accuracy is good:
```python
print(classification_report(y_test,y_pred))
```
```
precision recall f1-score support
As we saw before, the accuracy is good:
chinese 0.72 0.69 0.70 257
indian 0.91 0.87 0.89 243
japanese 0.79 0.77 0.78 239
korean 0.83 0.79 0.81 236
thai 0.72 0.84 0.78 224
```output
precision recall f1-score support
chinese 0.72 0.69 0.70 257
indian 0.91 0.87 0.89 243
japanese 0.79 0.77 0.78 239
korean 0.83 0.79 0.81 236
thai 0.72 0.84 0.78 224
accuracy 0.79 1199
macro avg 0.79 0.79 0.79 1199
weighted avg 0.79 0.79 0.79 1199
```
accuracy 0.79 1199
macro avg 0.79 0.79 0.79 1199
weighted avg 0.79 0.79 0.79 1199
```
Now, convert your model to Onnx. Make sure to do the conversion with the proper Tensor number. This dataset has 380 ingredients listed, so you need to notate that number in `FloatTensorType`:
### Convert your model to Onnx
```python
from skl2onnx import convert_sklearn
from skl2onnx.common.data_types import FloatTensorType
Make sure to do the conversion with the proper Tensor number. This dataset has 380 ingredients listed, so you need to notate that number in `FloatTensorType`:
> Note, you can pass in [options](https://onnx.ai/sklearn-onnx/parameterized.html) in your conversion script. In this case, we passed in 'nocl' to be True and 'zipmap' to be False. Since this is a classification model, you have the option to remove ZipMap which produces a list of dictionaries (not necessary). `nocl` refers to class information being included in the model. Reduce your model's size by setting `nocl` to 'True'.
```python
from skl2onnx import convert_sklearn
from skl2onnx.common.data_types import FloatTensorType
> Note, you can pass in [options](https://onnx.ai/sklearn-onnx/parameterized.html) in your conversion script. In this case, we passed in 'nocl' to be True and 'zipmap' to be False. Since this is a classification model, you have the option to remove ZipMap which produces a list of dictionaries (not necessary). `nocl` refers to class information being included in the model. Reduce your model's size by setting `nocl` to 'True'.
Running the entire notebook will now build an Onnx model and save it to this folder.
## View your model
Onnx models are not very visible in Visual Studio code, but there's a very good free software that many researchers use to visualize the model to ensure that it is properly built. Download [Netron](https://github.com/lutzroeder/Netron) and open your model.onnx file. You can see your simple model visualized, with its 380 inputs and classifier listed:
@ -117,150 +148,155 @@ Onnx models are not very visible in Visual Studio code, but there's a very good
Netron is a helpful tool to view your models.
Now you are ready to use this neat model in a web app. Let's build an app that will come in handy when you look in your refrigerator and try to figure out which combination of your leftover ingredients you can use to cook a given cuisine, as determined by your model.
## Build a recommender web application
You can use your model directly in a web app. This architecture also allows you to run it locally and even offline if needed. Start by creating an `index.html` file in the same folder where you stored your `model.onnx` file.
In this file, add the following markup:
```html
<!DOCTYPE html>
<html>
<header>
<title>Cuisine Matcher</title>
</header>
<body>
...
</body>
</html>
```
Now, working within the `body` tags, add a little markup to show a list of checkboxes reflecting some ingredients:
```html
<h1>Check your refrigerator. What can you create?</h1>
<divid="wrapper">
<divclass="boxCont">
<inputtype="checkbox"value="4"class="checkbox">
<label>apple</label>
</div>
<divclass="boxCont">
<inputtype="checkbox"value="247"class="checkbox">
<label>pear</label>
</div>
<divclass="boxCont">
<inputtype="checkbox"value="77"class="checkbox">
<label>cherry</label>
</div>
<divclass="boxCont">
<inputtype="checkbox"value="126"class="checkbox">
<label>fenugreek</label>
</div>
<divclass="boxCont">
<inputtype="checkbox"value="302"class="checkbox">
<label>sake</label>
1. In this file _index.html_, add the following markup:
```html
<!DOCTYPE html>
<html>
<header>
<title>Cuisine Matcher</title>
</header>
<body>
...
</body>
</html>
```
1. Now, working within the `body` tags, add a little markup to show a list of checkboxes reflecting some ingredients:
```html
<h1>Check your refrigerator. What can you create?</h1>
<divid="wrapper">
<divclass="boxCont">
<inputtype="checkbox"value="4"class="checkbox">
<label>apple</label>
</div>
<divclass="boxCont">
<inputtype="checkbox"value="247"class="checkbox">
<label>pear</label>
</div>
<divclass="boxCont">
<inputtype="checkbox"value="77"class="checkbox">
<label>cherry</label>
</div>
<divclass="boxCont">
<inputtype="checkbox"value="126"class="checkbox">
<label>fenugreek</label>
</div>
<divclass="boxCont">
<inputtype="checkbox"value="302"class="checkbox">
<label>sake</label>
</div>
<divclass="boxCont">
<inputtype="checkbox"value="327"class="checkbox">
<label>soy sauce</label>
</div>
<divclass="boxCont">
<inputtype="checkbox"value="112"class="checkbox">
<label>cumin</label>
</div>
</div>
<divstyle="padding-top:10px">
<buttononClick="startInference()">What kind of cuisine can you make?</button>
</div>
```
<divclass="boxCont">
<inputtype="checkbox"value="327"class="checkbox">
<label>soy sauce</label>
</div>
Notice that each checkbox is given a value. This reflects the index where the ingredient is found according to the dataset. Apple, for example, in this alphabetic list, occupies the fifth column, so its value is '4' since we start counting at 0. You can consult the [ingredients spreadsheet](../data/ingredient_indexes.csv) to discover a given ingredient's index.
<divclass="boxCont">
<inputtype="checkbox"value="112"class="checkbox">
<label>cumin</label>
</div>
</div>
<divstyle="padding-top:10px">
<buttononClick="startInference()">What kind of cuisine can you make?</button>
</div>
```
Notice that each checkbox is given a value. This reflects the index where the ingredient is found according to the dataset. Apple, for example, in this alphabetic list, occupies the fifth column, so its value is '4' since we start counting at 0. You can consult the [ingredients spreadsheet](../data/ingredient_indexes.csv) to discover a given ingredient's index.
Continuing your work in the index.html file, add a script block where the model is called after the final closing `</div>`.
Continuing your work in the index.html file, add a script block where the model is called after the final closing `</div>`. First, import the [Onnx Runtime](https://www.onnxruntime.ai/):
1. First, import the [Onnx Runtime](https://www.onnxruntime.ai/):
const input = new ort.Tensor(new Float32Array(ingredients), [1, 380]);
const feeds = { float_input: input };
// feed inputs and run
const results = await session.run(feeds);
// read from results
alert('You can enjoy ' + results.label.data[0] + ' cuisine today!')
} catch (e) {
console.log(`failed to inference ONNX model: ${e}.`);
}
}
else alert("Please check an ingredient")
}
init();
</script>
```
init();
</script>
```
In this code, there are several things happening:
@ -269,7 +305,7 @@ In this code, there are several things happening:
3. You created a `testCheckboxes` function that checks whether any checkbox was checked.
4. You use that function when the button is pressed and, if any checkbox is checked, you start inference.
5. The inference routine includes:
1. Setting up an asyncronous load of the model
1. Setting up an asynchronous load of the model
2. Creating a Tensor structure to send to the model
3. Creating 'feeds' that reflects the `float_input` input that you created when training your model (you can use Netron to verify that name)
4. Sending these 'feeds' to the model and waiting for a response
@ -280,12 +316,13 @@ Open a terminal session in Visual Studio Code in the folder where your index.htm
Congratulations, you have created a simple web app recommendation with a few fields. Take some time to build out this system!
Congratulations, you have created a 'recommendation' web app with a few fields. Take some time to build out this system!
## 🚀Challenge
Your web app is very minimal, so continue to build it out using ingredients and their indexes from the [ingredient_indexes](../data/ingredient_indexes.csv) data. What flavor combinations work to create a given national dish?
While this lesson just touched on the utility of creating a recommendation system for food ingredients, this area of ML applications is very rich in examples. Read some more about how these systems are built:
@ -293,6 +330,7 @@ While this lesson just touched on the utility of creating a recommendation syste
Jen Looper
4 years ago
committed by
GitHub