ML-For-Beginners/2-Regression/3-Linear/solution/notebook.ipynb

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   "source": [
    "## Pumpkin Pricing Per Bushel, by City\n",
    "\n",
    "Load up required libraries and dataset. Convert the data to a dataframe containing a subset of the data: \n",
    "\n",
    "- Only get pumpkins priced by the bushel\n",
    "- Convert the date to a month\n",
    "- Calculate the price to be an average of high and low prices\n",
    "- Convert the price to reflect the pricing by bushel quantity"
   ],
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       "   City Name Type       Package      Variety Sub Variety  Grade     Date  \\\n",
       "0  BALTIMORE  NaN  24 inch bins          NaN         NaN    NaN  4/29/17   \n",
       "1  BALTIMORE  NaN  24 inch bins          NaN         NaN    NaN   5/6/17   \n",
       "2  BALTIMORE  NaN  24 inch bins  HOWDEN TYPE         NaN    NaN  9/24/16   \n",
       "3  BALTIMORE  NaN  24 inch bins  HOWDEN TYPE         NaN    NaN  9/24/16   \n",
       "4  BALTIMORE  NaN  24 inch bins  HOWDEN TYPE         NaN    NaN  11/5/16   \n",
       "\n",
       "   Low Price  High Price  Mostly Low  ...  Unit of Sale Quality Condition  \\\n",
       "0      270.0       280.0       270.0  ...           NaN     NaN       NaN   \n",
       "1      270.0       280.0       270.0  ...           NaN     NaN       NaN   \n",
       "2      160.0       160.0       160.0  ...           NaN     NaN       NaN   \n",
       "3      160.0       160.0       160.0  ...           NaN     NaN       NaN   \n",
       "4       90.0       100.0        90.0  ...           NaN     NaN       NaN   \n",
       "\n",
       "  Appearance Storage  Crop Repack  Trans Mode  Unnamed: 24  Unnamed: 25  \n",
       "0        NaN     NaN   NaN      E         NaN          NaN          NaN  \n",
       "1        NaN     NaN   NaN      E         NaN          NaN          NaN  \n",
       "2        NaN     NaN   NaN      N         NaN          NaN          NaN  \n",
       "3        NaN     NaN   NaN      N         NaN          NaN          NaN  \n",
       "4        NaN     NaN   NaN      N         NaN          NaN          NaN  \n",
       "\n",
       "[5 rows x 26 columns]"
      ],
      "text/html": "<div>\n<style scoped>\n    .dataframe tbody tr th:only-of-type {\n        vertical-align: middle;\n    }\n\n    .dataframe tbody tr th {\n        vertical-align: top;\n    }\n\n    .dataframe thead th {\n        text-align: right;\n    }\n</style>\n<table border=\"1\" class=\"dataframe\">\n  <thead>\n    <tr style=\"text-align: right;\">\n      <th></th>\n      <th>City Name</th>\n      <th>Type</th>\n      <th>Package</th>\n      <th>Variety</th>\n      <th>Sub Variety</th>\n      <th>Grade</th>\n      <th>Date</th>\n      <th>Low Price</th>\n      <th>High Price</th>\n      <th>Mostly Low</th>\n      <th>...</th>\n      <th>Unit of Sale</th>\n      <th>Quality</th>\n      <th>Condition</th>\n      <th>Appearance</th>\n      <th>Storage</th>\n      <th>Crop</th>\n      <th>Repack</th>\n      <th>Trans Mode</th>\n      <th>Unnamed: 24</th>\n      <th>Unnamed: 25</th>\n    </tr>\n  </thead>\n  <tbody>\n    <tr>\n      <th>0</th>\n      <td>BALTIMORE</td>\n      <td>NaN</td>\n      <td>24 inch bins</td>\n      <td>NaN</td>\n      <td>NaN</td>\n      <td>NaN</td>\n      <td>4/29/17</td>\n      <td>270.0</td>\n      <td>280.0</td>\n      <td>270.0</td>\n      <td>...</td>\n      <td>NaN</td>\n      <td>NaN</td>\n      <td>NaN</td>\n      <td>NaN</td>\n      <td>NaN</td>\n      <td>NaN</td>\n      <td>E</td>\n      <td>NaN</td>\n      <td>NaN</td>\n      <td>NaN</td>\n    </tr>\n    <tr>\n      <th>1</th>\n      <td>BALTIMORE</td>\n      <td>NaN</td>\n      <td>24 inch bins</td>\n      <td>NaN</td>\n      <td>NaN</td>\n      <td>NaN</td>\n      <td>5/6/17</td>\n      <td>270.0</td>\n      <td>280.0</td>\n      <td>270.0</td>\n      <td>...</td>\n      <td>NaN</td>\n      <td>NaN</td>\n      <td>NaN</td>\n      <td>NaN</td>\n      <td>NaN</td>\n      <td>NaN</td>\n      <td>E</td>\n      <td>NaN</td>\n      <td>NaN</td>\n      <td>NaN</td>\n    </tr>\n    <tr>\n      <th>2</th>\n      <td>BALTIMORE</td>\n      <td>NaN</td>\n      <td>24 inch bins</td>\n      <td>HOWDEN TYPE</td>\n      <td>NaN</td>\n      <td>NaN</td>\n      <td>9/24/16</td>\n      <td>160.0</td>\n      <td>160.0</td>\n      <td>160.0</td>\n      <td>...</td>\n      <td>NaN</td>\n      <td>NaN</td>\n      <td>NaN</td>\n      <td>NaN</td>\n      <td>NaN</td>\n      <td>NaN</td>\n      <td>N</td>\n      <td>NaN</td>\n      <td>NaN</td>\n      <td>NaN</td>\n    </tr>\n    <tr>\n      <th>3</th>\n      <td>BALTIMORE</td>\n      <td>NaN</td>\n      <td>24 inch bins</td>\n      <td>HOWDEN TYPE</td>\n      <td>NaN</td>\n      <td>NaN</td>\n      <td>9/24/16</td>\n      <td>160.0</td>\n      <td>160.0</td>\n      <td>160.0</td>\n      <td>...</td>\n      <td>NaN</td>\n      <td>NaN</td>\n      <td>NaN</td>\n      <td>NaN</td>\n      <td>NaN</td>\n      <td>NaN</td>\n      <td>N</td>\n      <td>NaN</td>\n      <td>NaN</td>\n      <td>NaN</td>\n    </tr>\n    <tr>\n      <th>4</th>\n      <td>BALTIMORE</td>\n      <td>NaN</td>\n      <td>24 inch bins</td>\n      <td>HOWDEN TYPE</td>\n      <td>NaN</td>\n      <td>NaN</td>\n      <td>11/5/16</td>\n      <td>90.0</td>\n      <td>100.0</td>\n      <td>90.0</td>\n      <td>...</td>\n      <td>NaN</td>\n      <td>NaN</td>\n      <td>NaN</td>\n      <td>NaN</td>\n      <td>NaN</td>\n      <td>NaN</td>\n      <td>N</td>\n      <td>NaN</td>\n      <td>NaN</td>\n      <td>NaN</td>\n    </tr>\n  </tbody>\n</table>\n<p>5 rows × 26 columns</p>\n</div>"
     },
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   ],
   "source": [
    "import pandas as pd\n",
    "import matplotlib.pyplot as plt\n",
    "import numpy as np\n",
    "\n",
    "pumpkins = pd.read_csv('../../data/US-pumpkins.csv')\n",
    "\n",
    "pumpkins.head()\n"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 19,
   "metadata": {},
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    {
     "output_type": "execute_result",
     "data": {
      "text/plain": [
       "    Month  Variety  City  Package  Low Price  High Price      Price\n",
       "70      1        3     1        0          5           3  13.636364\n",
       "71      1        3     1        0         10           7  16.363636\n",
       "72      2        3     1        0         10           7  16.363636\n",
       "73      2        3     1        0          9           6  15.454545\n",
       "74      2        3     1        0          5           3  13.636364"
      ],
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     },
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   ],
   "source": [
    "from sklearn.preprocessing import LabelEncoder\n",
    "\n",
    "pumpkins = pumpkins[pumpkins['Package'].str.contains('bushel', case=True, regex=True)]\n",
    "\n",
    "new_columns = ['Package', 'Variety', 'City Name', 'Month', 'Low Price', 'High Price', 'Date']\n",
    "\n",
    "pumpkins = pumpkins.drop([c for c in pumpkins.columns if c not in new_columns], axis=1)\n",
    "\n",
    "price = (pumpkins['Low Price'] + pumpkins['High Price']) / 2\n",
    "\n",
    "month = pd.DatetimeIndex(pumpkins['Date']).month\n",
    "\n",
    "new_pumpkins = pd.DataFrame({'Month': month, 'Variety': pumpkins['Variety'], 'City': pumpkins['City Name'], 'Package': pumpkins['Package'], 'Low Price': pumpkins['Low Price'],'High Price': pumpkins['High Price'], 'Price': price})\n",
    "\n",
    "new_pumpkins.loc[new_pumpkins['Package'].str.contains('1 1/9'), 'Price'] = price/1.1\n",
    "\n",
    "new_pumpkins.loc[new_pumpkins['Package'].str.contains('1/2'), 'Price'] = price*2\n",
    "\n",
    "new_pumpkins.iloc[:, 0:-1] = new_pumpkins.iloc[:, 0:-1].apply(LabelEncoder().fit_transform)\n",
    "new_pumpkins.iloc[:, 0:-1] = new_pumpkins.iloc[:, 0:-1].apply(LabelEncoder().fit_transform)\n",
    "\n",
    "\n",
    "new_pumpkins.head()\n"
   ]
  },
  {
   "source": [
    "A basic scatterplot reminds us that we only have month data from August through December. We probably need more data to be able to draw conclusions in a linear fashion."
   ],
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     },
     "metadata": {
      "needs_background": "light"
     }
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "import matplotlib.pyplot as plt\n",
    "plt.scatter('Variety','Price',data=new_pumpkins)\n"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 21,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [
    {
     "output_type": "stream",
     "name": "stdout",
     "text": [
      "-0.8634790400214403\n"
     ]
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "print(new_pumpkins['Variety'].corr(new_pumpkins['Price']))"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 22,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [
    {
     "output_type": "stream",
     "name": "stdout",
     "text": [
      "<class 'pandas.core.frame.DataFrame'>\nInt64Index: 415 entries, 70 to 1742\nData columns (total 7 columns):\n #   Column      Non-Null Count  Dtype  \n---  ------      --------------  -----  \n 0   Month       415 non-null    int64  \n 1   Variety     415 non-null    int64  \n 2   City        415 non-null    int64  \n 3   Package     415 non-null    int64  \n 4   Low Price   415 non-null    int64  \n 5   High Price  415 non-null    int64  \n 6   Price       415 non-null    float64\ndtypes: float64(1), int64(6)\nmemory usage: 25.9 KB\n"
     ]
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "\n",
    "new_pumpkins.dropna(inplace=True)\n",
    "new_pumpkins.info()\n",
    "\n",
    "\n"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 23,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [
    {
     "output_type": "execute_result",
     "data": {
      "text/plain": [
       "      Variety      Price\n",
       "70          3  13.636364\n",
       "71          3  16.363636\n",
       "72          3  16.363636\n",
       "73          3  15.454545\n",
       "74          3  13.636364\n",
       "...       ...        ...\n",
       "1738        1  30.000000\n",
       "1739        1  28.750000\n",
       "1740        1  25.750000\n",
       "1741        1  24.000000\n",
       "1742        1  24.000000\n",
       "\n",
       "[415 rows x 2 columns]"
      ],
      "text/html": "<div>\n<style scoped>\n    .dataframe tbody tr th:only-of-type {\n        vertical-align: middle;\n    }\n\n    .dataframe tbody tr th {\n        vertical-align: top;\n    }\n\n    .dataframe thead th {\n        text-align: right;\n    }\n</style>\n<table border=\"1\" class=\"dataframe\">\n  <thead>\n    <tr style=\"text-align: right;\">\n      <th></th>\n      <th>Variety</th>\n      <th>Price</th>\n    </tr>\n  </thead>\n  <tbody>\n    <tr>\n      <th>70</th>\n      <td>3</td>\n      <td>13.636364</td>\n    </tr>\n    <tr>\n      <th>71</th>\n      <td>3</td>\n      <td>16.363636</td>\n    </tr>\n    <tr>\n      <th>72</th>\n      <td>3</td>\n      <td>16.363636</td>\n    </tr>\n    <tr>\n      <th>73</th>\n      <td>3</td>\n      <td>15.454545</td>\n    </tr>\n    <tr>\n      <th>74</th>\n      <td>3</td>\n      <td>13.636364</td>\n    </tr>\n    <tr>\n      <th>...</th>\n      <td>...</td>\n      <td>...</td>\n    </tr>\n    <tr>\n      <th>1738</th>\n      <td>1</td>\n      <td>30.000000</td>\n    </tr>\n    <tr>\n      <th>1739</th>\n      <td>1</td>\n      <td>28.750000</td>\n    </tr>\n    <tr>\n      <th>1740</th>\n      <td>1</td>\n      <td>25.750000</td>\n    </tr>\n    <tr>\n      <th>1741</th>\n      <td>1</td>\n      <td>24.000000</td>\n    </tr>\n    <tr>\n      <th>1742</th>\n      <td>1</td>\n      <td>24.000000</td>\n    </tr>\n  </tbody>\n</table>\n<p>415 rows × 2 columns</p>\n</div>"
     },
     "metadata": {},
     "execution_count": 23
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "# create new dataframe \n",
    "new_columns = ['Variety', 'Price']\n",
    "ml_pumpkins = new_pumpkins.drop([c for c in new_pumpkins.columns if c not in new_columns], axis='columns')\n",
    "\n",
    "ml_pumpkins\n"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 30,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [],
   "source": [
    "X = ml_pumpkins.values[:, :1]\n",
    "y = ml_pumpkins.values[:, 1:2]\n"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 31,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [
    {
     "output_type": "stream",
     "name": "stdout",
     "text": [
      "Model Accuracy:  0.7327987875929955\nCoefficients:  [[-8.54296764]]\nMean squared error:  23.443815358076087\nCoefficient of determination:  0.7802537224707632\n"
     ]
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "from sklearn.linear_model import LinearRegression\n",
    "from sklearn.metrics import r2_score, mean_absolute_error\n",
    "from sklearn.model_selection import train_test_split\n",
    "\n",
    "\n",
    "X_train, X_test, y_train, y_test = train_test_split(X, y, test_size=0.2, random_state=42)\n",
    "lin_reg = LinearRegression()\n",
    "lin_reg.fit(X_train,y_train)\n",
    "\n",
    "pred = lin_reg.predict(X_test)\n",
    "\n",
    "accuracy_score = lin_reg.score(X_train,y_train)\n",
    "print('Model Accuracy: ', accuracy_score)\n",
    "\n",
    "# The coefficients\n",
    "print('Coefficients: ', lin_reg.coef_)\n",
    "# The mean squared error\n",
    "print('Mean squared error: ',\n",
    "      mean_squared_error(y_test, pred))\n",
    "# The coefficient of determination: 1 is perfect prediction\n",
    "print('Coefficient of determination: ',\n",
    "      r2_score(y_test, pred)) "
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 26,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [
    {
     "output_type": "display_data",
     "data": {
      "text/plain": "<Figure size 432x288 with 1 Axes>",
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     },
     "metadata": {}
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "\n",
    "plt.scatter(X_test, y_test,  color='black')\n",
    "plt.plot(X_test, pred, color='blue', linewidth=3)\n",
    "\n",
    "plt.xticks(())\n",
    "plt.yticks(())\n",
    "\n",
    "plt.show()\n",
    "\n"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": null,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [],
   "source": []
  }
 ]
}