# Raspberry Pi 疑難排解指南

本指南提供在 Raspberry Pi 設備上運行物聯網項目時常見問題的解決方案。  
它為遵循物聯網新手課程的初學者而設計，但對一般 Pi 開發也很有用。

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## 1. 安裝與依賴錯誤

### ❗ `ModuleNotFoundError: No module named 'xyz'`
當所需的 Python 模組未安裝時會發生此錯誤。

**修正方法**
```bash
pip3 install <module_name>

 Permission denied when running scripts

Often caused by accessing GPIO, I2C or system hardware without elevated privileges.
Quick fix:
sudo python3 script.py

Recommended fix (no sudo needed every time):
sudo usermod -aG gpio,i2c,spi $USER
sudo reboot

2. GPIO / I2C / SPI Not Working
❗ RuntimeError: No access to GPIO

Add user to GPIO group:
sudo usermod -aG gpio $USER
sudo reboot

❗ I2C / SPI devices not detected

Enable interfaces:
sudo raspi-config
→ Interface Options
→ Enable I2C / Enable SPI

Check if I2C device appears:
i2cdetect -y 1

3. Camera / Video Issues
❗ Camera not detected or fails to start

Enable camera interface:
sudo raspi-config
→ Interface Options → Camera → Enable
sudo reboot

Check if camera is visible:
vcgencmd get_camera

4. Wi-Fi / SSH / Connectivity Problems
| Problem                          | Fix                                           |
| -------------------------------- | --------------------------------------------- |
| SSH connection refused           | `sudo raspi-config → Interface Options → SSH` |
| Device not showing on network    | Check IP using: `hostname -I`                 |
| Slow Wi-Fi / unstable connection | Prefer 2.4 GHz band, update OS                |
| Unable to access Pi headless     | Add `ssh` file to boot partition              |


5. Performance Issues
Raspberry Pi running slow / laggy

Close unused applications

Reduce background services

Use Lite OS if no desktop needed

Ensure sufficient power supply (5V/3A or better)

Check CPU load:
top
htop

Storage issues:
sudo apt autoremove
sudo apt clean
df -h

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