@ -10,7 +10,7 @@ Add a sketchnote if possible/appropriate
## Introduction
The main process for getting food from a farmer to a consumer involves loading boxes of produce on to trucks, ships, airplanes or other commercial transport vehicles, and delivering the food somewhere - either direct to a customer, or to a central hub or warehouse for processing. The whole end-to-end process from farm to consumer is part of a process called the *supply chain*. The video below from Arizona State University's W. P. Carey School of Business talks about the idea of the supply chain and how it is managed in more detail.
The main process for getting food from a farmer to a consumer involves loading boxes of produce on to trucks, ships, airplanes, or other commercial transport vehicles, and delivering the food somewhere - either direct to a customer, or to a central hub or warehouse for processing. The whole end-to-end process from farm to consumer is part of a process called the *supply chain*. The video below from Arizona State University's W. P. Carey School of Business talks about the idea of the supply chain and how it is managed in more detail.
[![What is Supply Chain Management? A video from Arizona State University's W. P. Carey School of Business](https://img.youtube.com/vi/Mi1QBxVjZAw/0.jpg)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Mi1QBxVjZAw)
@ -45,7 +45,7 @@ IoT is transforming the way goods are transported by creating fleets of *connect
* Driver hours compliance - ensuring drivers only drive for their legally allowed hours based on the times they turn the engine on and off.
These benefits can be combined - for example, combining driver hours compliance with location tracking to re-route drivers if they cannot reach their destination within their allowed driving hours. These can also be combined with other vehicle-specific telemetry, such as temperature data from temperaturecontrolled trucks, allow vehicles to be re-routed if their current route would mean goods cannot be kept at temperature.
These benefits can be combined - for example, combining driver hours compliance with location tracking to re-route drivers if they cannot reach their destination within their allowed driving hours. These can also be combined with other vehicle-specific telemetry, such as temperature data from temperature-controlled trucks, allow vehicles to be re-routed if their current route would mean goods cannot be kept at temperature.
> 🎓 Logistics is the process of transporting goods from one place to another, such as from a farm to a supermarket via one or more warehouses. A farmer packs boxes of tomatoes that are loaded onto a truck, delivered to a central warehouse, and put onto a second truck that may contain a mixture of different types of produce which are then delivered to a supermarket.
@ -81,7 +81,7 @@ To measure the longitude of a point, you measure the number of degrees round the
Traditionally, measurements of degrees of latitude and longitude were done using sexagesimal numbering, or base-60, a numbering system used by the Ancient Babylonians who did the first measurements and recordings of time and distance. You use sexagesimal every day probably without even realising it - dividing hours into 60 minutes and minutes into 60 seconds.
Longitude and latitude is measured in degrees, minutes and seconds, with one minute being 1/60 of a degree, and 1 second being 1/60 minute.
Longitude and latitude are measured in degrees, minutes and seconds, with one minute being 1/60 of a degree, and 1 second being 1/60 minute.
For example, at the equator:
@ -89,11 +89,11 @@ For example, at the equator:
* 1 minute of latitude is 111.3/60 = **1.855 kilometers**
* 1 second of latitude is 1.855/60 = **0.031 kilometers**
The symbol for a minute is a single quote, for a second it is a double quote. 2 degrees, 17 minutes and 43 seconds for example, would be written as 2°17'43". Parts of seconds are given as decimals, for example half a second is 0°0'0.5".
The symbol for a minute is a single quote, for a second it is a double quote. 2 degrees, 17 minutes, and 43 seconds for example, would be written as 2°17'43". Parts of seconds are given as decimals, for example half a second is 0°0'0.5".
Computers don't work in base-60, so these coordinates are given as decimal degrees when using GPS data in most computer systems. For example, 2°17'43" is 2.295277. The degree symbol is usually omitted.
Coordinates for a point are always given as `latitude,longitude`, so the example earlier of the Microsoft Campus at 47.6423109,-122.117198 has:
Coordinates for a point are always given as `latitude,longitude`, so the example earlier of the Microsoft Campus at 47.6423109,-122.117198 has:
* A latitude of 47.6423109 (47.6423109 degrees north of the equator)
* A longitude of -122.1390293 (122.1390293 degrees west of the Prime Meridian).
@ -152,7 +152,7 @@ GPS sensors output data using NMEA messages, using the NMEA 0183 standard. NMEA
These messages are text-based. Each message consists of a *sentence* that starts with a `$` character, followed by 2 characters to indicate the source of the message (e.g GP for the US GPS system, GN for GLONASS, the Russian GPS system), and 3 characters to indicate the type of message. The rest of the message is fields separated by commas, ending in a new line character.
Some of the types of message that can be received are:
Some of the types of messages that can be received are:
| Type | Description |
| ---- | ----------- |
@ -164,7 +164,7 @@ Some of the types of message that can be received are:
The GGA message includes the current location using the `(dd)dmm.mmmm` format, along with a single character to indicate direction. The `d` in the format is degrees, the `m` is minutes, with seconds as decimals of minutes. For example, 2°17'43" would be 217.716666667 - 2 degrees, 17.716666667 minutes.
The direction character can be `N` or `S` for latitude to indicate north or south, and `E` or `W` for longitude to indicate east or west. For example, a latitude of 2°17'43" would have a direction character of `N`, -2°17'43" would have a direction character of `S`.
The direction character can be `N` or `S` for latitude to indicate north or south, and `E` or `W` for longitude to indicate east or west. For example, a latitude of 2°17'43" would have a direction character of `N`, -2°17'43" would have a direction character of `S`.
For example - the NMEA sentence `$GNGGA,020604.001,4738.538654,N,12208.341758,W,1,3,,164.7,M,-17.1,M,,*67`