"Semi-Structured" use two "#" meanwhile the other type of data use three "#", therefore, I change the level of the section since they re on the same topic "How data is described".
I also add some minor change about "Data are" to "Data is"
|Defining Data - _Sketchnote by [@nitya](https://twitter.com/nitya)_ |
Data are facts, information, observations and measurements that are used to make discoveries and to support informed decisions. A data point is a single unit of data with in a dataset, which is collection of data points. Datasets may come in different formats and structures, and will usually be based on its source, or where the data came from. For example, a company's monthly earnings might be in a spreadsheet but hourly heart rate data from a smartwatch may be in [JSON](https://stackoverflow.com/a/383699) format. It's common for data scientists to work with different types of data within a dataset.
Data is facts, information, observations and measurements that are used to make discoveries and to support informed decisions. A data point is a single unit of data with in a dataset, which is collection of data points. Datasets may come in different formats and structures, and will usually be based on its source, or where the data came from. For example, a company's monthly earnings might be in a spreadsheet but hourly heart rate data from a smartwatch may be in [JSON](https://stackoverflow.com/a/383699) format. It's common for data scientists to work with different types of data within a dataset.
This lesson focuses on identifying and classifying data by its characteristics and its sources.
@ -16,13 +16,13 @@ This lesson focuses on identifying and classifying data by its characteristics a
> Source: [Mika Baumister](https://unsplash.com/@mbaumi) via [Unsplash](https://unsplash.com/photos/Wpnoqo2plFA)
## How Data is Described
**Raw data** are data that has come from its source in its initial state and has not been analyzed or organized. In order to make sense of what is happening with a dataset, it needs to be organized into a format that can be understood by humans as well as the technology they may use to analyze it further. The structure of a dataset describes how it's organized and can be classified at structured, unstructured and semi-structured. These types of structure will vary, depending on the source but will ultimately fit in these three categories.
**Raw data** is data that has come from its source in its initial state and has not been analyzed or organized. In order to make sense of what is happening with a dataset, it needs to be organized into a format that can be understood by humans as well as the technology they may use to analyze it further. The structure of a dataset describes how it's organized and can be classified at structured, unstructured and semi-structured. These types of structure will vary, depending on the source but will ultimately fit in these three categories.
### Quantitative Data
Quantitative data are numerical observations within a dataset and can typically be analyzed, measured and used mathematically. Some examples of quantitative data are: a country's population, a person's height or a company's quarterly earnings. With some additional analysis, quantitative data could be used to discover seasonal trends of the Air Quality Index (AQI) or estimate the probability of rush hour traffic on a typical work day.
Quantitative data is numerical observations within a dataset and can typically be analyzed, measured and used mathematically. Some examples of quantitative data are: a country's population, a person's height or a company's quarterly earnings. With some additional analysis, quantitative data could be used to discover seasonal trends of the Air Quality Index (AQI) or estimate the probability of rush hour traffic on a typical work day.
### Qualitative Data
Qualitative data, also known as categorical data are data that cannot be measured objectively like observations of quantitative data. It's generally various formats of subjective data that captures the quality of something, such as a product or process. Sometimes qualitative data is numerical and wouldn't be typically used mathematically, like phone numbers or timestamps. Some examples of qualitative data are: video comments, the make and model of a car or your closest friends' favorite color. Qualitative data could be used to understand which products consumers like best or identifying popular keywords in job application resumes.
Qualitative data, also known as categorical data is data that cannot be measured objectively like observations of quantitative data. It's generally various formats of subjective data that captures the quality of something, such as a product or process. Sometimes, qualitative data is numerical and wouldn't be typically used mathematically, like phone numbers or timestamps. Some examples of qualitative data are: video comments, the make and model of a car or your closest friends' favorite color. Qualitative data could be used to understand which products consumers like best or identifying popular keywords in job application resumes.
### Structured Data
Structured data is data that is organized into rows and columns, where each row will have the same set of columns. Columns represent a value of a particular type and will be identified with a name describing what the value represents, while rows contain the actual values. Columns will often have a specific set of rules or restrictions on the values, to ensure that the values accurately represent the column. For example imagine a spreadsheet of customers where each row must have a phone number and the phone numbers never contain alphabetical characters. There may be rules applied on the phone number column to make sure it's never empty and only contains numbers.
@ -36,7 +36,7 @@ Unstructured data typically cannot be categorized into into rows or columns and
Examples of unstructured data: text files, text messages, video files
## Semi-structured
### Semi-structured
Semi-structured data has features that make it a combination of structured and unstructured data. It doesn't typically conform to a format of rows and columns but is organized in a way that is considered structured and may follow a fixed format or set of rules. The structure will vary between sources, such as a well defined hierarchy to something more flexible that allows for easy integration of new information. Metadata are indicators that help decide how the data is organized and stored and will have various names, based on the type of data. Some common names for metadata are tags, elements, entities and attributes. For example, a typical email message will have a subject, body and a set of recipients and can be organized by whom or when it was sent.
RayWP
3 years ago
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GitHub